Ukufakelwa isakhelo wophahla gable kophahla: uyilo, imathiriyeli kunye nezixhobo

Ukukhusela isithuba lwangaphakathi zendlu ingasetyenziswa kakhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eluphahleni. look entle kakhulu, umzekelo, hipped, hipped, mnogoschiptsovye. Noko ke, abanini ezininzi zezindlu zabucala zazidla kwakhiwa uphahla gable. Olu hlobo uphahla zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa lula ibandla, yaye ngenxa yokuba inokuthenjwa. Ukongeza, phantsi kophahla ezi zilwanyana indawo eyanele ukuba eli cebo uphahla enkulu okanye eliphezulu.

Iimpawu design

Ukufakelwa isakhelo wophahla gable kophahla, njengayo nayiphi na, yenzelwa phezu mauerlat. Kwakhona ekwakhiweni uphahla olunjalo ziquka:

• ezisekele;

• yokubeka, purlins, sleepers;

• horse;

• lathing.

Yokukhuseleka kwinkqubo ukufuma truss esetyenziswayo osuka kunye paroizolyatory. Zidla ibekwe phezu nehitha. Le nto kufuneka ukukhusela eliphezulu okanye isuka abandayo. Kakade ke, isigaba sokugqibela yesakhelo indlu alekwe izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.

Mauerlat ukuba uphahla gable: Amanqaku ufakelo

Le isakhi isakhelo eliseluphahleni uza ngokubanzi yebar obukhulu kakhulu (150-200 mm section). Ngapha koko, nguye esiyintsika eliseluphahleni. Mauerlat zibekwe phezu ezindongeni zendlu. Ukuba bamva ziqokelelwe gas okanye iibhloko eziphathekayo ovundileyo, nebala pre-ukulungisa kwaqinisa eziphathekayo. Kuba ukuzibona mauerlat egalela nezitshixo ankile. Phantsi kophahla gable mauerlat ngokuqhelekileyo ukungena kuphela kweendonga ezimbini - elide ngaxeshanye. Phezu cobbled, ngamaplanga izindlu namakhaka lwesi sakhi lisusiwe. Kulo mzekelo kukhonza mauerlat isithsaba eliphezulu okanye liyenze.

umqadi uphahla

Lo ngomnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha kuyo eluphahleni. Qokelela inkqubo truss kwiimeko ezininzi usebenzisa izinto ezifana amaplanga 100 * 100 * 150 mm okanye 150 mm. Kwakhona akhwele 100 * 150 mm linokusetyenziswa kuyo. Phambi esakha izinto inkqubo truss benqunyulwe ukuze phezulu imilenze ezikufutshane ukuya kwenye okanye kummango kakhulu zamahlathi (kunqunyukelwa engile ethile). Ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhetha okuma kwi emazantsi iinyawo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukwakha nophahla ekhuselekileyo.

Xa mauerlat, isithsaba eliphezulu okanye imiqadi yokutrima ngomthi nga mayixhonywe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha iyalungiswa "node" phezu izikhonkwane emithathu ucingo zamafu. Kodwa inkoliso zonke imilenze eziqhotyoshelwe iikona zentsimbi kwalenza macala omabini. Oku kube lula kakhulu ibandla. Phezulu emiqadini ziqhotyoshelwe omnye komnye ngokusebenzisa iibhulorho yesinyithi okanye kummango ezimbombeni.

Kwi imiqadi izakhiwo ngomthi zinqunqwe (100 * 100 mm, 150 mm okanye 150 * 100 * 150 mm) iqhotyoshelwe ngokusebenzisa ezizodwa izinto ezongezelelweyo - ". Isilayidi" Oku kuqinisekisa nokushukumisa emiqadini. Kuvunwe ukusetyenziswa zokubopha ezinjalo kwindawo yokuqala ukwenzela ukuba desiccation kweendonga zezindlu banako ukuhlala phantsi. inkqubo truss ngoko amazwi abe eqiniselweendlwini (iinzipho okanye iikona) kule meko yinto engenakwenzeka. Kungenjalo, kungenzeka amabali nje.

Ezisekele uphahla gable: uhlobo

Ngamanye amaxesha imiqadi izidanga isakhelo kophahla ukuba iqhotyoshelwe kuphela emazantsi - ukuba mauerlat phezulu - ukuya kwenye okanye esibondeni ephakeme. izixhaso ezinjalo kuthiwa zibhetyebhetye. Kodwa idla ngokusetyenziswa olunye uhlobo elimele. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi kweenyawo inkxaso eyongezelelweyo lifakwe (ubude yonke) phakathi ithambeka. Ngenxa yoko, uphahla ifunyenwe yi "eyaphukileyo". uphahla gable enjalo ibizwa ngokuba mansard kunye Iipanele zabo - naslonnymi. Olu luhlobo asebenzisekayo zophahla lwendlu lizwe. Umgama phakathi imiqadi - zombini naslonnymi kunye zibhetyebhetye - bamiliselwa Ebubanzini umqadi esikhethiweyo, ubude izihlangu zam, njl Ngokuqhelekileyo inyathelo yi 60-80 cm ...

inkqubo isakhelo Podstropilnaya

On izindlu indawo enkulu ngaphandle mauerlat imiqadi kophahla izidanga angaxhaswa imiqadi, iintsika kunye sleepers. Okokuqala efakwe tyaba, owesibini - nkqo. Oku kubizwa sleepers amaplanga akumiselweyo yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa. Kuye, yanamathela kunye pitch ethile lonke ubude yokubeka kophahla. Ngakubo lusekiwe pole ephakeme. Kuba le ngxenye ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo nemithi 100x 150 mm.

ephakeme run

Ukufakelwa isakhelo wophahla gable lophahla kunye nokusetyenziswa lwesi sakhi senziwa ngokufuthi. Kwaye oku nangona uphahla kulo mzekelo, kuvela olubiza kakhulu. Inyaniso yokuba isakhelo eliseluphahleni kunye ngokubaleka kwe robust kwaye bayakwazi ukumelana nazo zonke iintlobo imithwalo.

Cwangcisa le nto kufuneka uthobele yonke imiqathango technologies. Kulo oluzakunyuswa ngayo ngokuchanekileyo, ukuchaneka ixhomekeke wew eliseluphahleni. Xa Wahlanganisa pole kummango uphahla kuqala ayilungiswanga kwimiqolo kakhulu (gables on). Ngaphezu koko, phakathi kwabo tsala intambo non-elastic kwaye zingqinisiswe kumgangatho wakhe. Emva koko, sikhokelwa kuye, wammisa zonke nqwelo aphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, yanamathela kubo esibondeni xitsunga elandelayo kuza kuthengiselwa kuyo utywala tye ngokupheleleyo.

lathing

Kananjalo into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyilo naluphi na uphahla. ibhodi avala esikhethwe ngokuqhelekileyo kakhulu zamafu. Kuxhomekeka kumbandela nophahla linokusetyenziswa ngumfuziselo 2.5-5 cm. Zoololiwe Wide okanye kuxineneyo lathing elingazange lithathwe. Kwimeko yokuqala, ibhodi nga naselusingeni lokoluka kwi yesibini - wavuleka. Ububanzi kangangoko umbandela phantsi lathing - 20 cm.

Inyathelo phakathi iiplanga, kwaye ubukhulu yazo ixhomekeka kuhlobo ulusu ekhethiweyo. Ezo ebhokisini ezabanjwa nihluthe kuphela phantsi sheet ngqwabalala. Phantsi izinto nophahla kunye zesinyithi ezicekethekileyo kakhulu rhoqo entabeni. Kuba avala loo kuvame kusetyenziswa ibhodi kunye neemakhishithi angqingqwa ngamaplanga okanye OSB.

Umaleko ubushushu-zokwambathisa ezikhoyo kunye zingangenwa

design kophahla gable into yokuba ngokhuselo indawo yayo yangaphakathi abanomkhuhlane, ungasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo naziphi na izinto zale mihla. Amaninzi, usambathisa le eliphezulu okanye eliphezulu iyasetyenziswa uboya bezimbiwa. kusetyenziswa amaxesha kwaye yandisa ezinepolisterini. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, uphahla abahlukunyezwa wokutshiza lyu amagwebu.

Njengoko inkxaso istro noboya izimbiwa ukusuka ucingo ezotyhalo imbala. Sheets okanye iipleyiti ngokwabo ziyaxhonywa ngqo phakathi emiqadini. Mineral uboya ifakwe vraspor nje. Le slits phakathi umqadi kunye neemakhishithi zabo eyandisiweyo istro olungisiweyo iyanyuka isiponji ezizodwa yavala njo. Steam zingangenwa busisigxina kunye yiba okuncinane (2 cm) kwindawo oxwesileyo kwisigaba sokugqibela ibandla inkqubo truss.

yophahla

Kuba akhande kophahla ingasetyenziswa metal, isileyiti, ondulin, iphepha ezimile. Ngamanye amaxesha zixhobisa uphahla izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Amaphahla ezibiza izindlu ezinkulu badla wawutyabeka neebhloko nophahla nodongwe. Ngokubanzi, iintlobo zezixhobo zokwakha kukho imali enkulu. Metal iipleyiti iyalungiswa ngezikhonkwane kumathambeka. Zophahla wokuthi ulandelwa ukuya purlin okuqhubekayo usebenzisa zemastic bituminous. Kwakhona promazyvayut kunye ezivuzayo. iithayile zodongwe zigxunyekwe uphahla kunye ngezikhonkwane self-ngokuthinta ngokusebenzisa mingxuma ezikhoyo kuyo.

Ukukhetha Rules ematendeni

Ukufakelwa isakhelo wophahla gable lephahla kufuneka wenziwe usebenzisa kuphela ngemithi iphezulu umgangatho. Xa uthenga wabo babambelele izikhokelo ezithile. Amaplanga elungiselelwe ibandla benqwanqwa eliseluphahleni kufuneka owomileyo. Eyamkelekileyo ipesenti yayo ukufuma 18%. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngokhuni ivenkile ethengisa izinto, le mfuneko akufanelekanga. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba Wahlanganisa uphahla, kungakuhle ukuba yome iinkuni ngaphantsi cover ubuncinane kangangeenyanga ezintandathu.

Ukumisa uphahla ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuthengwe imithi kunye neebhodi zingasetyenziswa kuphela ukuba zenziwe ukusuka 'nobusika "yehlathi. Inyaniso kukuba ngexesha lonyaka abandayo komboko emithi eyeka flow incindi. Ngenxa yoko, eyenziwe iinkuni nemithi enjalo ekuqaleni ziqulathe amanzi kakhulu.

Xa ukhetha le iibhodi kunye Imiqadi, ukongeza kwazo, kufuneka, ke, sinikela ingqalelo babo. Ezincane amaqhina ngemithi - ngcono. Njengoko kuba ziinkuni, yokuba amaninzi kusetyenziselwa ukwakha nophahla pine.

Enye parameter ukuze ziqwalaselwe xa bathenge imithi kunye neebhodi - oko geometry zabo. Materials kufuneka ngqo ngokupheleleyo. Isetyenziswa ukwakha uphahla iibhodi "ezijijekileyo" okanye imiqadi akuvumelekanga. Kwakhona kwi indaba akufuneki ukuba neentanda ezininzi kakhulu.

inkqubo kophahla Protection

Ukwakhiwa uphahla gable - nkqubo equka ukusetyenziswa kubandakanywa zonke iintlobo zezixhobo eyenzelwe ukukhusela ukufuma nemithi kunye ukungena kwamanzi isithuba eliseluphahleni. Njengoko ifilimu yeplastiki zobunjineli amanzi osetyenziswa rhoqo. Maxa wambi wasebenzisa inwebu okhethekileyo. Kukho izinto ezinjalo kakhulu kubiza ngaphezu polyethylene, kodwa ixesha elide. Le kwiifilim le iintlobo mgibe ukufuma evela ngaphandle kwaye ngaxeshanye adlule ngokwayo lo wesini esahlukileyo othi ngokwandisa ngaphakathi endlwini. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba yokwambathisa thermal kunye nemithi ngaphakathi kophahla "pie" sihlale owomileyo. Oko, Kakade ke, ixesha kakhulu ubomi kunye nophahla.

Xa izinto encasing ngaphakathi eliphezulu okanye isuka ekhwele umboniso olulodwa, nto leyo ebizwa - umqobo umphunga. Maxa wambi, kunokuba ke angásetyenziswa ngefoyile ye sheets abakhethekileyo. Iduru ngakumbi umboniso, kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusinceda ukuba kulondolozwe kophahla okanye ubushushu imbala, ukudala i "isiphumo thermos".

Emva kokuba igqityiwe ukufakelwa kwenkqubo kophahla kophahla gable, dlulela isikhumba salo. Khetha izinto nophahla kufuneka ukuba uqaphele kakhulu. Ngapha koko, umgangatho walo kuchaphazela ngqo ukuthembeka eluphahleni. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo igama njengomvelisi kunye umthengisi.

Ukubalwa kophahla: nokujikeleza engile

Kakade ke, ukuba uphahla laba iyahlala macala ngokupheleleyo kwaye eliphezulu, qiniseka ukuba ukwenza uyilo eneenkcukacha phambi ibandla. Olu xwebhu kufuneka benze imizobo uphahla ngaphambili kunye nokunyuka iprofayili, kunye nesicwangciso (ngaphezulu).

ifomu kophahla Gable kwakhona okulungileyo zenza kube kakhulu lula ukubala. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba ukujonga engile utyekelo imiqadi, umnqamlezo-candelo eziphathekayo kunye nobungakanani bayo. Eyokuqala i parameter limiselwa ngokwezinto nophahla ukuba isetyenziselwe wazaleka. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ubuncinane licandelo but is 12 c. impahla nophahla ingasetyenziswa phezu kwezindlu kunye isandi uphahla utyekelo ukuya ku-15 t. Kulo mzekelo, umaleko yayo yomine kongezwe kulo. Xa ngokuncamathisela uphahla 40 iplanga umaleko-3, yaye 45 c. - ezimbini. ithayile bokusebenzisa ingasetyenziswa phezu kwezindlu kunye ojonge ezithambekileyo ukusuka degrees 22 ukuya 45.

Ukuba uphahla nzulu kakhulu, oko ukugoba okanye folokohlo phantsi ubunzima ikhephu. kumathambeka kakhulu zibethwa imithwalo umoya onamandla. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha i engile utyekelo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo iimpawu zemozulu bendawo ethile. Yiloo nto ke umoya nekhephu imithwalo ubuninzi kule ngingqi.

Yeyiphi ukukhetha i engile ekubiyeni nendlu enophahla gable kwindawo ethile yelizwe ingafunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ulwazi evela iitafile ezizodwa. Kodwa kwiingingqi ezininzi weRashiya kucingwa indlela uphawu olukhulu 35-45 grams. uphahla gable neeDormer zixhobisa ngendlela yokuba engile ukutyekela izixhaso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa kunina kuyinto 30 c.

ukubala izinto

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukujonga elilelona ukuthambekela engile imitha kulula. Xa olu khetho lukhethiwe, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nendlela ekubalwa benqwanqwa eliseluphahleni. Inyathelo lokuqala ubala ubude emiqadini. Ukwazi engile kunye nobude kweendonga elifutshane zendlu, ukuba enze lo msebenzi lula, esebenzisa ehambelana umsebenzi netrigonometri. Kule nani kufuneka kongezwe 20-40 itulo cm kulo uphahla.

Ukwazi ubude kunye umgama phakathi imiqadi (kunye nenani lazo), kulula ukuba ukujonga kufuneka ukuthenga imithi kakhulu. Ukubala iibhodi lathing imfuneko ukwazi inyathelo phakathi kwabo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kulo uphahla kwaye kummango yamibini imikrozo izinto eyimitha sploshnyakom. Ukuze abale inani kweemakhishithi ekwambathiseni ubushushu, ifilim kunye imakhishithi eluswini, kufanele kube lula ukufumanisa ummandla zizonke ezithambekileyo. Kule nani kufuneka zongezwe-10% ukulahleka.

Iyakuxabisa malini kophahla

Ukongeza imizobo, iprojekthi kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba akhatshwe uqikelelo lweendleko eziphathekayo. Xa yokubala ubungakanani wabo kungaba ibalwe kunye neendleko zizonke eluphahleni. Ngowe-2016 uqikelelo lweendleko izixhobo uphahla:

• beam Pine 150h100 mm (ngokuba imiqadi) - 612-700 miri / pc .. (6 m);

• ibhodi pine 25h200h6000 mm (ngokuba lathing) - malunga 500-550 miri / pc;..

• ugodo 200x200 mm (mauerlat ukuba uphahla gable) - zomyalelo 1,200-1,500 engange / piece .. (6 m);

• film polyethylene Technical (micrometers 80) - 990-1 000 engange. roll (3x10 m) nganye;

• umphunga - 400-500 bagcobe. roll nganye;

• yezimbiwa uboya "Ursa" - 1500 engange. (Packaging 2h9000 1200h50 x).

Ngezinto zokwakha na umbandela ibiza ukhetho ezifulelwe. Incwadi yomlibo ixabisa malunga ne-350-400 engange. Kodwa abanikazi zezindlu lizwe wambu yophahla metal. Indleko yale nto malunga 300 engange. iphepha ngalinye.

Ziziphi izixhobo ezifunekayo

Kuba ukufakelwa kwenkqubo kophahla kuya kufuneka hacksaw (okanye wabona yombane), screwdriver izando. Kubagubungela nophahla ngeemakhishithi yesinyithi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuza kufuneka ukulungiselela isikere ezibukhali zesinyithi. Ukucanda izinto grinder wawutyabeka akunakwenzeka, kungenjalo ukuze nokuba yonakele yi eliphezulu umaleko sheets zokuzikhusela. Ngenxa yoko, ingaphakathi kophahla iya kuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu Rust.

Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni yokugubungela uphahla ngezinto nophahla, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela umphanda bayinyibilikisa itha kunye unamathele ngelaphu elingqingqwa laqina kuyo. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube emele ezimbalwa.

Kakade ke, ngenxa Ukufakelwa kophahla kuya kufuneka leri elithembekileyo, mhlawumbi ukusuka waphu- kwo iibhodi. Kuba ufakelo ngesinyithi, kungakuhle ukuba uyayilungisa izihlangu kunye iintende ethambileyo, kodwa hayi mtyibilizi.