Izinto zokwakha: iintlobo kunye neepropati. Izinto eziphahlayo

Uphahla lukhusela indlu ukusuka kumvula, iqhwa kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi ezingqongileyo. Namhlanje kuyisiko lokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zokufunda. Ingaba nzima, ithambileyo, iphrofayli, iplati, isisombululo kunye nezicucu. Ezinye zazo zikhetha ukukhetha izindlu zelizwe kunye nezindlu zelizwe, ezinye izakhiwo zasezidolophini, ngelixa ezinye zilungelelene nezakhiwo zoqoqosho. Ukuze wenze ukhetho, kufuneka ufunde ngokubhekiselele kwimiba nganye yokuphahla.

Tile

Ukuqwalasela izinto zokupakisha, unokukhetha itsimbi, eyenziwa ngentsimbi eqhotyoshelweyo enefuthe eli-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.5 millimeters. Ngaphezulu, iphepha lihlanganiswe ne-zinc, elikhuselwe ngama-polymers. Umgca wokukhusela ungqongqo ophezulu. Umveliso ogqityiweyo unzima kakhulu, ngoko enye imitha yesikwere ingaba nobunzima obuvela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-5 kilogram. Ukufakela imisebenzi kuthatha ukuthotyelwa kwintlambo ephantsi evumelekileyo yokuphahla, eyi-degrees ezili-15. Ngeentlambo ezincinci ezingadluli kuma-degrees angama-20, kuyimfuneko ukuba unamathele ngokucophelela amalunga phakathi kweebs. Izinto ezinjalo zokuphahla zibekwe ngokugqithiswa ngobude, obufanele ukuba bube ngama-millimitha angama-45 ukuya kuma-150.

Izinto ezintle zetsimbi

Abathengi bakhetha lo mbandela ngenxa yokuhlala ixesha elide: umenzi ugcizelela ukuba unokusetyenziswa iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-50. Ukufunyanwa kwolu hlobo kunokuba kuthathwa njengenzuzo, kuba imitha yesikwele umthengi uya kufuneka ahlawule ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-dollar eziyi-15. Umsebenzi wofakelo ulula ngokwaneleyo, umphezulu emva kokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nemithwalo neempembelelo. Xa ukuthutha akukho mfuneko yokuba nesimo sengqondo esilumkileyo, esiyiyo inzuzo engathandabuzekiyo.

Iimpawu ze-Onduline

Ukuqwalasela izinto zokuphahla kwisitoreji, unokukhetha i-ondulin, ekhangisa ixabiso elincinci kunye nobume bendalo. Iqukethe amafayili e-cellulose anelungeleleneyo, ahlanganiswe neendumen kunye ne-polym additives ngexesha lokuvelisa. Igama lesibini yi-Euro-sphere, kunye ne-aqualaine. Kwiimeko zityalo, umgca wenziwe ngepeyinti ye-polymer engenakushisa, engasetyenziswa kwisinye okanye ezimbini. Ishidi ngalinye lilinganisa ii-6.5 kilogram, kwaye libuye libe namagagasi anokuphakama kwe-3.6 cm. Xa ucwangcisa ubuninzi bezinto eziyimfuneko emsebenzini, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ubude bewebhu buyiimitha ezimbini kunye nobubanzi be-0.96 cm. Izinto zokwakheka kwelo hlobo, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwi-teknoloji yokufaka. Iqondo elincinci lomthamo ophahleni ekusebenziseni i-ondulin li-6 degrees. Ukuba i-slope ayidluli kwi-degrees ezili-10, i-kreate yenziwe yomelele, i-longitudinal overlapinal ye-30 cm. Xa usebenza ne-slope ye-10 ukuya kwi-15 degrees, kubalulekile ukuxhobisa i-kreate ngokusebenzisa ibha phakathi kwezinto eziza kuba ngumgama we-45 cm. , Iphi edlula i-degrees ezili-15, ngoko kuya kubakho umgama okwaneleyo phakathi kwezinto zekreate ye-60 cm. Ukuze ulungiswe, kufuneka ubeke impahla enezikhonkwane ezizodwa.

Impawu ezintle ze-ondulin

Ukuba ukhetha izinto zokuphahla, iindidi kunye neepropati zayo kufuneka zaziwe kuwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ubomi be-ondulin yiminyaka engama-40. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngethuba lokusebenza ipeniti ingalahla ukukhanya kwayo kwangaphambili. Kufuneka uhlawule iphepha elilodwa lokubhengezwa ngeerandi ezingama-5. Mhlawumbi uthatha isigqibo sokuba ukhethe i-ondulin njengento yokuphahlama emva kokuba ufunde ukuba unamandla okumelana nokumanya kwamanzi, ukucoceka, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokukwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yabo ubunzima obungadluli kwi-960 kg nganye ngomitha we square. Isisindo somzimba we-tovas senza kube lula ukuthutha kwaye sibeke, kwaye kwinkqubo yomsebenzi akuyi kuba neengxaki zokusika. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa i-hacksaw elula eyenzelwe ukusebenza ngemithi. I-Ondulin ibonakala ngokungafihliyo kwayo, nto ibalulekile ezindlwini zabucala.

Iimpawu ezintle ze-ondulin

Ngaphambi kokukhetha izinto ezichazwe ngasentla, kuyafaneleka ukubeka ingqalelo kwezinye iimpawu ezingalunganga, njengoko enye eyona nto ingabonakalisa ukutsha. Umda weqondo lokushisa ungama-degrees ayi-110. Emva kweminyaka engama-3 yokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ilungiselelwe ukuba i-mosses iya kubumba kwiindawo ezingekho kakuhle. Xa kushushu, ungacwangcisi umsebenzi wokulungisa wengubo ye-onduline, njengoko ithambisa kwaye ikhuphe i-bitumen.

Izinto eziphahlayo

Ukuqhekeka kwezixhobo zokuphahla ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-glass insulation, okanye ukungena kwamanzi. Abanye abavelisi banikela ngamagama abo, kodwa umxholo awutshintshi kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, i-fiberglass, i-fiberglass okanye i-polyester isetyenziswa. Iintlobo ezinokugqibela ziyimfanelo, kodwa inexabiso eliphezulu. I-fiberglass nayo ineziganeko ezintle, ngelixa i-glass fiber ayikwazi ukuhlukana nomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. Isiseko sithelelwa nge-bitumen enesididi, apho i-modifier yongezwa ngokuzinza nokuqina. Ezi zilandelayo zingabonakalisa i-styrene-butadiene-styrene okanye i-atactic polypropylene. Emva koko, i-polym ifihliwe, kwaye phezulu ibeka isanti, i-mica okanye i-shale.

Iimpawu zokubeka

Izinto eziphahlayo zifakwe kwi-slope, engafanele ibe ngama-degrees angama-11. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kunye nesiseko esiqinileyo esenziwe ngekhonkrithi, ukhuni, i- flat slate okanye isinyithi, ngoko u-insulated is laying, kwaye phezulu kuhlanganiswe nokungena kwamanzi. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, i-primer okanye i-petroli isetyenziswe, echithwa kwi-bitumen. I-carpet ephahleni isetyenziswe esebenzisa umbane wokushisa igesi, kubalulekile ukuqala umsebenzi onjalo ukusuka ngasezantsi. I-overal and end-overlap kufuneka ibe nobubanzi be-10 cm.

Iinkonzo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo

Ukuqhekeka kwezixhobo zokuphahla kungadlulela kwiminyaka engama-50, abayi kuhlawula ngaphaya kweedola ezimbini kwi square meter. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza, akufuneki ukuba unakekele uphahla, lukhusela kwingxolo, umlilo kunye nomswakama. Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezintle ziyakwazi ukuxhamla ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokungabi nantoni. Abathengi bakhetha lo mbandela ngenxa yobunzima babo.

Ruberoid yo kuphahla

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokukhetha izinto zokupakisha, ungathenga impahla yokupakisha, okuyiphepha elincinci lokungenwa kwamanzi, ngokusekelwe kwikhadibhodi. Olu lugqithiso lugqitywa ngazo zonke iintlobo zee-additives kunye ne-petroleum bitumen. Kuya kuba yinto ekulungele ukuyibeka xa uthenge iimpahla ngendlela yemigqaliselo. Sebenzisa le ingubo ingaba yimihlaba kunye neeplanga eziphahleni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusebenza njengokhuselo lweziseko, eziphezulu okanye eziphantsi kwephahla. Kwimarike yempahla ehambelana nayo, unokufumana ukuphahla okulula, okubizwa ngokuba yi-pergamon kunye ne-Euroruberoid.

Ukuba usebenzisa izinto zokupakisha kunye nokukhupha amanzi, ungakhetha ukhetho lwama-glassine oluhambelana nemigangatho emithathu okanye emine, eqinisekisa inkonzo enokuthenjwa iminyaka eyi-10. Unokwenza ezi zixhobo ngokuzenzekelayo. I-ruberoid ephathekayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-rubemast, kulula ukuyibeka xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu olukhankanywe ngentla, ngelixa ekuphumeni kwayo linempawu ezifanayo.

Ummangalo ophahleni oluphambili

Ukuqwalasela izinto zokuphahla, iindidi kunye neepropati zazo ezichazwe kwinqaku, kuya kwenzeka ukuthenga i-membrane ephahleni oluphangaleleyo, ubukhulu balo buhluka ukusuka kwi-0.8 ukuya kwi-2mlimitha. Ayinobungqina bendalo, kodwa iyakhusela ngokugqithiseleyo kwimiphumo yomlilo kunye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Unokubeka ezo zinto zokuphahla phezu kophahla kunye naluphi na umthamo, oku kungenxa yokunyuka kweembrane.

Isiseko sinamathele ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa i-best of them is hot air welding. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi luya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa ezingaqeshwa.