Ukubeka (ukubeka esweni inkqubo action) ukuba urhulumente eziphilayo yemo engqongileyo

Abantu eminyaka abahlala kwiplanethi enguMhlaba, bebesoloko ochaphazelekayo kunye neengxaki ukusinda okanye nokudalwa iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ebomini. Kwaye ngenkankulu ekuqaleni abantu kwakukho imibuzo usindiso woMhlaba emhlabeni. Ngelishwa, lifikile ixesha onjalo. utshintsho Ezingalunganga ezenzeka ehlabathini, ezisongela ubomi emhlabeni ngokwawo, yaye, ke ngoko, kuba nabemi bayo bonke, kwabonakala. Kwaye ke ingozi isizathu - le ndoda ngokwayo. Ukuba kumaxesha amandulo ukubukela indalo, ngoko, mhlawumbi, ngaphandle ukwazi zabantu. Kokuma yomntu mihla phezu nohlobo uhlobo eyahlukileyo - ukuba yenziwa ngabom nangenjongo. Ngokuthe ngcembe wadala esidibeneyo inkqubo ngezenzo. Imeko yendalo engqongileyo abantu baqala ukubona ukuze kuyisindisa. Nokuba kule BC I leminyaka. e. Guy UPliny ngomsebenzi wakhe "Natural History", wabhala malunga kokuma bume yendalo.

Formation of isayensi lokusingqongileyo

Indlela esweni umntu oqeshwe njengendlela ukufunda into yendalo. Lokujongwa lusekelwe neziphumo zexesha elide kunye Umbono izinto ezingqongileyo. Ngcembe yaye kwasekwa iintshukumo ezithile isixokelelwano esweni imeko eziphilayo kulo mhlaba. Iziphumo ubonwa zaye systematized, ekusekeni inzululwazi - eziphilayo. msebenzi olona ukufunda unxulumano eziphilayo omnye komnye kunye benxibelelana okusingqongileyo leyo esondeleyo kubo. Le ndoda baqalisa ukuqonda indima engqongileyo ebomini bakhe, ndaye ndaphawula uze bafunde izinto ezenzeka kulo yaye, ingakumbi, kwaqaqambisa ukuphazamiseka ehlabathini umhlaba onokuphila, leyo okubangelwa ngemisebenzi yayo. Kwakukho isoyikiso kweentlekele zendalo emhlabeni wonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto intshukumo ezifunekayo kunye nenkqubo yonke walungiswa. Imeko bume ye esweni lommandla lwenziwa kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo. Imiba Environmental waqala ukuba kuxoxwe kumaqonga ngamazwe. Inzululwazi imvelo kuye ibe isiseko kunye isiseko ukukhululwa ngeentlekele asakhulayo jikelele. Igama elithi "indalo", Oko ukusuka 'oikos "lesiGrike elithetha ekhaya okanye ikhusi, livele kwi German kwindaleko Ernst Haeckel nokuba ngo 1866. Imekobume kuphuhliswa ngakumbi inzululwazi le, kokukhona kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba imisebenzi ababengengabo iyaphumelela njalo.

Kuba umntu yale mihla kucaca ukungabinamandla phambi amandla endalo, yaye umsebenzi ophambili kunye ebalulekileyo echazwe ukhuseleko indalo.

Umonakalo bume iye kubalwe njengolwaphulo mthetho kuluntu. Kule nkalo siye saphuhliswa imithetho zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda kunye nezithethe lilawulwe ezi nkqubo yokugweba. umsebenzi Daily nokukhathalela lonke uluntu kwaye wonke umntu othile, kukuba ukukhusela izinto zendalo ngendlela inkqubo jikelele yokuyibeka esweni nokuyilawula baphuma kuyo inkqubo ebanzi lweentshukumo. Imeko bume yokusingqongileyo zaqatshelwa ngaphakathi karhulumente ngamnye, yaye imigudu nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.

esweni

Le ezingqongileyo Okusingqongileyo kwendalo, okusingqongileyo zokuhlala zethu kwaye kuxhomekeke kutshintsho okuqhubekayo kwindalo kunye ulwalathiso ubukhulu. I-bume yendalo nawo ngokwawo awukho efanayo ixesha esithubeni. Kukho ke ngoko ngokuba inqanaba rhoqo noko yokusebenza apho ukuthelekisa yokufundwa ezintsha. Le avareji ungatshintsha kakhulu kuphela ixesha lokuphumla elide. Kule meko sithetha ngayo utshintsho zendalo, endalo esingqongileyo. Uphawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kuba utshintsho eyenziwe ngumntu. Olubonisa imeko umndilili esingqongileyo kule meko ke akucingeleki, oko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukutshintsha. Ingakumbi Ngokungafihlisiyo na kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kuye kwabakho imfuneko yokuba ukufunda nokuvavanya nesenzeko ezahlukeneyo ezithi zenzeke ngenxa yempembelelo anthropogenic. Kusekwe inkqubo esweni okusingqongileyo okanye isethi amanyathelo ukuchonga, ukufumana utshintsho endalo kunye ngovandlakanyo. Imisebenzi yokuhlola engundoqo:

• esweni lwendalo kunye nemithombo nempembelelo phezu kwalo;
• uthelekelelo yemo engqongileyo;
• yemo engqongileyo Outlook.

Kukho iindidi ezininzi esweni kokusingqongileyo zezi:

• semvelo Best - yokusingqongileyo (kubandakanywa zegeophyisical eziphilayo ..);
• izinto eziphembelela (component) ezingcolisa ukufunda, ngokunjalo impembelelo ingxolo, ubushushu, kunye radiation electromagnetic;
• indawo Human ophilayo okanye kokusingqongileyo (indalo, okusingqongileyo, lwasekhaya, kwedolophu mveliso);
• zezomzuzwana, spatial;
• kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

A umahluko kwakhona esweni qho kagunyaziwe: a imeko yehlabathi, yengingqi, ekuhlaleni, "indawo", imvelaphi (isiseko uhlalutyo zonke iindidi iliso). Jikelele uthathwa ngoqwalaselo lwemo kunye nenkqubo kwihlabathi izenzo. Imeko bume yokusingqongileyo ibekwe esweni kulo mhlaba. Imigaqo kwenkqubo lwehlabathi okokuqala ezichongiweyo yaye zakhiwe ngo-1971 yi-International Council of Unions Scientific. State ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila sele itsale ingqalelo izazinzulu onke amazwe yaye bonke abantu abanengqondo ehlabathini. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1973-1974. njengenxalenye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwe-United Nations Environment Programme (Inkqubo UNEP) uphuhliso izibonelelo ephambili Environment Global Monitoring System eliphakathi (GEMS) zigqityiwe.