Uhlobo loqeqesho lwangoku

Inkolelo kunye nokusebenza koqeqesho lootitshala ziquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuvela, ukuphuhliswa nokuphela kweefom ezizimeleyo zihambelana neemfuno ezintsha ezivela kuluntu. Ngamanye amabakala amaqabunga amanqaku, ngenxa yezinto ezichaphazela ukuphuhliswa kokulandelayo. Kule nkalo, isayensi inolwazi oluninzi malunga neendidi kunye neefom zemfundo. Ii-didactics zanamhlanje ziquka ukunyanzeliswa, okwezakhono, ikhaya, iikhosi zokufundela, ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqela angaphambili, amaqela kunye namacandelo.

I sigama

UMolchanova uchaza iindlela zohlobo lwezemfundo njengesiqhelo, esakhiweyo kunye neefom. I-IM Cheredov ibhala ukuba ulwalathiso oluphambili lweefom zentlangano kukuzaliseka komsebenzi wokudibanisa. Le ncazelo isekelwe kwinto yokuba ezi fom ziquka phantse zonke iinkalo eziphambili zenkqubo yemfundo. UKUBA uKharlamov uthi akukho nje kuphela onokukwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iifom zezemfundo zentlangano, kodwa, ngokusemthethweni, akunakwenzeka ukufumana inkcazo ecacileyo yekota kwii-didactics.

Imisebenzi eyenziwe

Ngokubanzi, uluvo lwabo bonke abaphandi lubetha phantsi ukuba imisebenzi eyenza iifom zentlangano yenkqubo yokufunda igalelo ekuphuhliseni uqeqesho lootitshala kunye nokufezekiswa komfundi.

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi ephambili lubandakanya:

1. Uqeqesho luyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale fomu ukufumana iimeko ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokuhambisa ulwazi kubantwana, kwakunye nokubunjwa kwehlabathi kunye nokuphucula amakhono.
2. Imfundo-ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwabafundi kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi. Isiphumo - ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukuchongwa kweempawu zomntu zokuziphatha nezemvakalelo.
3. Umbutho - uphando lwezemfundo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zokuphucula inkqubo yemfundo.
4. I-Psychology - uphuhliso lweenkqubo zengqondo ezinceda inkqubo yokufunda.
5. Ukuphuhliswa kukudalwa kweemeko eziqhuba ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi wengqondo.
6. Inkqubo kunye nokulungiswa - ukusekwa kokuhambelana nokuhambelana kwezinto eziziswe kubafundi.
7. Ukudibanisa kunye nokulungelelanisa - ukudibanisana kwazo zonke iifom zokuqeqesha ukunyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokufunda.
8. Ukukhuthazwa ngumveliso womnqweno wokufunda izinto ezintsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili

Imeko xa utitshala enza umsebenzi wezemfundo kunye nokuqonda ngokuphathelele kwiklasi esebenza kumsebenzi omnye ngumzekelo wendlela yokubambisana. Iifom zoqeqesho zolu hlobo zifakela utitshala onoxanduva lokulungiselela umsebenzi odibeneyo wabafundi, kunye nokwakhiwa komgangatho omnye womsebenzi. Ukusebenza ngendlela ehamba phambili ngokuqeqesha phambili, kuxhomekeke ngqo kumfundisi. Ukuba unolwazi kwaye uyagcina lula iklasi kwintsimi yombono wakhe ngobunzima obubanzi kunye nabo bonke abafundi ngokukodwa, ngoko usebenze kakuhle kwizinga eliphezulu. Kodwa oku akunjalo umda.

Ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zokuqeqesha ezenzelwe ukuba kukho ukunyusa ukuphumelela koqeqesho oluphambili, utitshala makenze ummandla wokudala odibeneyo, kunye nokuqinisa umnqweno kunye nomnqweno osebenzayo wabafundi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukufunda okusemgangathweni akuthethi ukuhlukana kwabafundi ngokwemigangatho nganye. Okokuthi, lonke uqeqesho luqhutyelwa ngokwemiqathango eyisiseko, ibalwe kumfundi ophakathi. Oku kubangela ukubonakala kokungena kunye nokukrakra.

Uqeqesho lweqela

Iintlobo zeendlela zoqeqesho zeeququzeleli ziquka ifom yeqela. Kwisakhelo semfundiso yeqela, kubandakanywa ukufunda nokuqonda izinto ezijoliswe kwiqela labafundi. Le fomu inehlulo kwiintlobo ezine:

• Isiqhagamshelo (ukwakheka kweqela elisisigxina kwinkqubo yokufunda);
• Brigade (ekujoliswe ekudaleni iqela lesigxina eliza kwenza imisebenzi yesifundo esithile);
• Iqela lokusebenzisana (ulwahlula iklasi yonke ibe ngamaqela, elowo lijongene nokwenza enye yeengxenye zomsebenzi owodwa);
• Iqela elihlukeneyo (umanyano wabafundi kumaqela anesigxina kunye nesikhashana, ngokubhekiselele kwisimilo sabo esifanayo ngasinye, le nto ingaba yinqanaba lolwazi olukhoyo, ithuba elifanayo lamathuba, izakhono ezilinganayo).

Ukusebenza ngobabini kubhekisela kuqeqesho lweqela. Umsebenzi weqela ngalinye unokukhokelwa nguTitshala ngokwakhe okanye ngabacebisi bakhe abasisondezayo: abaphathi kunye nabaphathi be-link, injongo yabo isekelwe kwimbono yabafundi.

Uqeqesho ngamnye

Iifom zezemfundo zemfundo ziyahlukahluka komnye nomlinganiselo woqhagamshelwano nabafundi. Ngoko, ngokuqeqeshwa komntu ngamnye, uqhagamshelwano olungqalileyo alulindelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, eli fomu liyakuthiwa umsebenzi ozimeleyo ekuzalisekeni kwemisebenzi kunye nobunzima obufanayo kwiklasi lonke. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuba utitshala unikezela umfundi umsebenzi ngokwamakhono akhe emfundo nokuba wenzayo, ngoko uhlobo lomntu ngamnye lukhula lube ngumntu ngamnye.

Ukufezekisa le njongo, ukusetyenziswa kwamakhadi akhethekileyo kuyimpawu. Iimeko xa iqumrhu eliphambili lijongene nokuzaliseka kwemisebenzi, kwaye utitshala usebenza nenani elithile labafundi, ubizwa ngokuba ngumqeqeshi weqela ngalinye.

Iifom zokuqeqesha zodidi (itafile yeempawu)

Inkalo ehlukileyo yendlela nganye yemfundo yinqanaba elincinane lokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokufundisa kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda ootitshala kunye neklasi. Ukuze uqonde oku kwahlukileyo kwindlela yokusebenza, kufuneka uzifundele ngemimiselo ethile yoqeqesho lwefomu ethile.

Iimpawu zoMsebenzi

Ngokuqhelekileyo ekusebenzeni, iifom ezimbini zokuqeqeshwa zentlangano zanamhlanje ziyasetyenziswa: ngabanye nangaphambili. Iqela kunye ne-steam zisetyenziswa kangangoko. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iifom zangaphambili kunye neqela aziqhelekanga, nangona bazama ukufana nabo.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba ngaba lo msebenzi ngokwenene, uH.J. Liimetsa uqokelele iinkalo ezininzi:

• Iklasi iyaqonda ukuba ithwala uxanduva lokuqokelela umsebenzi kwaye, ngenxa yesiphumo, ufumana uvavanyo lwentlalo oluhambelana nenqanaba lokuphunyezwa;
• Iiklasi kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo lootitshala abaququzelele umsebenzi;
• Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi ulwahlulo lwabasebenzi luboniswa ukuba lugxininisa umdla kunye nekhono ngalinye ilungu leklasi, eyenza umfundi ngamnye azibonakalise ngempumelelo nangokunokwenzeka;
• Kukho ukulawula kunye nokunyamekela komfundi ngamnye phambi kweklasini kunye neqela elisebenzayo.

Iifom zokuqeqesha ezongezelelweyo

Ukuqhuba iseshoni ezongezelelweyo nomfundi ngamnye okanye iqela ngenxa yesikhala esazifundileyo. Ukuba umfundi ukhawuleza emva kwezifundo, kubalulekile ukuba kuchonge izizathu eziza kukunceda iindlela zokukhetha, iindlela kunye neendlela zokuqeqesha ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile. Isizathu esona siqhelo kukuba ukungakwazi ukucwangcisa inkqubo yokufunda, ukulahlekelwa ngumdla, okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kokuphuhliswa kwabafundi. Utitshala onolwazi usebenzisa iiklasi ezongezelelweyo njengethuba lokunceda umntwana, apho usebenzisa khona iindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukucaciswa kweminye imiba ebenokubangela ukungaqondi;
• Ukuqhotyoshelweyo kumfundi onamandla obuthathaka, ukuvumela isibini ukuba ikhuphe ulwazi lwakhe;
• Ukuphindaphinda kwesihloko esiphelileyo esipheleleyo, ukuvumela ukuhlanganisa ulwazi olutholileyo.

Ingcamango "yeendlela zokufundisa", udidi

Abalobi abaninzi baye kwi nyaniso yokuba indlela yokufundisa ayikho enye indlela evumela ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wezemfundo kunye nengqiqo yabafundi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yenkqubo yemfundo kunye nengqiqo, iindlela zokufundisa ziyahlukana zibe:

• Inkcazo-imifanekiso (ibali, inkcazo, intetho, ukubonakalisa i-cinema, njl.);
• Ukuzalisa (ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kolwazi oluqokelelweyo, ukusebenza komsebenzi ngokwe-algorithm);
• Uphuhliso-uphuhliso;
• Utshintsho oluthile;
• Uphando (isisombululo esizimeleyo kwingxaki, usebenzisa iindlela ezifundiswayo);

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuququzelela imisebenzi, iindlela zihlukaniswe ngo:

• Ukuququzelela ukufumana ulwazi olutsha;
• Izakhono zokufunda;
• Ukuhlola nokuvavanya ulwazi.

Olu luhlu lulungelelaniswa nemisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo yokufunda kwaye lunegalelo ekuqondeni kangcono injongo yabo.

Kungcono kakhulu ukudibanisa izinto ezifundwayo

Iintlobo zeentlangano zokufundisa ukufundisa zisebenzisa rhoqo. Ndiyabulela ekufundweni kweefom, inzululwazi ifikile kwisigqibo sokuba kungekhona nje inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi, kodwa nokulungiswa kwayo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukufezekisa le mpawu ekufundiseni, kwagqitywa ukusebenzisa iindlela ezimbini:

1. Indlela yokuthetha. Eyona yimeko kwimeko xa ulwazi olunikezwa ngutitshala lulula ukuqonda nokuqonda, kwaye ukufumana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwanele ukulungisa. Kwintliziyo yendlela ekhoyo kumfanekiso, xa utitshala, ngokucwangcisa ngokuhlakanipha ukuphendula le mibuzo, ivuselela abafundi ukuba banomdla wokuvelisa izinto ezichazwe ngaphambili, ezenza ukuba kufumaneke okokuqala.
2. Sebenza ngeencwadi zezifundo. Iincwadi zezifundo ziquka zombini ezilula ukujonga umxholo, kunye nobunzima. Ngokumalunga nalaba ba titshala, kubalulekile, xa uthethile umxholo, ukuwuphinda ngaphandle kokulibala. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi bazimela ngokuzimela bafunde isigaba esinikeziwe, baze bavelise notitshala.

Ulwazi loQeqesho lweZicelo

Ukuze uvavanye ulwazi lwakho ngokusebenzayo, kucetyiswa ukuba udlulise uqeqesho oluqulethwe ngamanyathelo athile:

• Inkcazelo yotitshala malunga neenjongo kunye neenjongo zenkqubo yoqeqesho oluzayo, ngokusekelwe kolwazi olufunyenwe ngaphambili;
• Ukubonakaliswa ngutitshala womzekelo ochanekileyo wokusebenza komsebenzi ozayo;
• Ukuphindaphinda ukuhlolwa ngabafundi bomzekelo wesicelo solwazi kunye nezakhono;
• Ukuphindaphinda kwakhona inkqubo yokufeza umsebenzi kwi-automatism yayo epheleleyo.

Olu luhlu luyisiseko, kodwa kukho iimeko xa esinye isigaba okanye esinye isigaba singabandakanywa kwiqhina loqeqesho.