Udokan: incazelo

Udokan eRashiya yenye yezona zinkulu. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukuphuhlisa oko kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphezu $ 1 billion.

Udokan: incazelo

Pool ibekwe ukuya emntla-mpuma Chita, 650 km ukusuka esixekweni. , считается сейсмически опасной с зоной многолетней мерзлоты. Ummandla apho Udokan kuthathwa kwindawo seismically enobungozi kunye permafrost. lobushushu ngonyaka Umyinge ngu -4 amaqo., Yaye kuyehla ukuya -50 ubusika. Permafrost ungena ku kubunzulu-800 m. Kwi emdeni zekhephu sivame. Ezithandwa ziinyikima awo ukuya ku 9-10. Namawa zizakubalulwa ngamandla aphezulu, lingonakali, conductivity thermal, silikoopasnostyu. Ngokubanzi, iimeko zejoloji kunye zemozulu intsimi ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa intle. Ngaphezu koko, akukho phantse akukho izibonelelo.

Oko geni imali Udokan?

Ichibi ngumthombo oxabisekileyo kwaye kwafunwa emva kushishino izinto ekrwada. Iyonke volume balance isitokhwe-20 million. T. Xa umlinganiselo umxholo wayo yobhedu kwi esikrwada ukuze 1.46%, kunye 11.9 amawaka. T. Of zesilivere. Le bezimbiwa Ukubunjwa ores sine-njalo ezizodwa. является источником халькозина, халькопирита, борнита, магнетита, пирита, гематита. ubhedu Udokan ngumthombo chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite, pyrite, hematite. Xa uhlobo kwezimbiwa molybdenite ubumdaka ezifumaneka apha Waller, pyrrhotite, vittihenit, marcasite, polidimit, sphalerite, isilivere lomthonyama, cobaltite, tennantite Strohmeyer, molybdenite. Le ores ephambili-65% sobhedu siya chalcocite, 20-25% - xa bornite, 10-15% - in chalcopyrite. Le izimbiwa eziziisekondari ziquka:

1. Egqugqisileyo - azurite, malachite, gypsum, chalcocite, covellite, hydroxides yentsimbi (limonite, goethite).
2. Azixhaphakanga - bornite, cuprite, ndenze ngokuthetha, ubhedu lomthonyama, chalcanthite, Delafosse, chrysocolla, antlerite, brochantite, melanterite, jarosite kunye nezinye iintlobo oisleniya zone.

ezintathu umbutho main yezimbiwa oma ores echibi: bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite kunye pyrite-chalcopyrite. Ngokunxulumene paragenetic yezimbiwa ngentsimbi nobhedu ipateni ecacileyo elibhaqiweyo. Chalcocite kunye bornite ezinxulumene magnetite kunye chalcopyrite - pyrite. Eyona ores ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya bornite-chalcocite. Ezi Amawa gray okhanyayo, ocoliweyo-olungisiweyo, kukhethwa slaboizvestkovistymi quartzitic yelitye. eqhelekileyo bade siltstone emnyama zingwevu, kuquka disseminations emihle bornite kunye chalcocite. Amaxesha amaninzi phakathi yelitye lentlabathi orudnelyh olungisiweyo equlathe maleko efanayo kakhulu sulfides bekubona layers umzimba lenticular kunye iindlwane amancinci kwentlabathi medium of, leyo ngamandla ukuya ku 1.5 m, kunye ehlukene exineneyo buzane, kubandakanywa kodwa chalcocite kunye bornite,-50% magnetite.

Isiqalo

) было открыто в 1949 г., геологоразведочные мероприятия, однако, дважды начинались и сворачивались. Udokan (Trans-izimvu Territory) yavulwa ngo-1949, imisebenzi wokuhlola kunye lwentsebenzo, Noko ke, waqala kabili siphindwe. Ngowe-1981, oovimba zivunywe yiKomishoni kaRhulumente. Kuphela ngo-1992 urhulumente wagqiba ukuthengisa mvume zokuhlola kunye nophuhliso isitya. Impikiswano iye yaphumelela kancinane-eyaziwayo ngelo xesha "inkampani Udokan." Yena owned iinkampani akwamanye amazwe. Kangangeminyaka 7 inkampani iye aleleyo yaye ekugqibeleni baphulukana ilayisenisi yaso. Ngowe-1999 kwaqhutywa enye ukhuphiswano, apho yazinyaswa kuphela ngamashishini zasekhaya. Le mvume imisebenzi yokuhlola kunye lwentsebenzo kukhuphiswano waya "Trans-izimvu Mining Company". Ngowe-2001, lithambile wabhengezwa ukwenzela uphuhliso isitya. Oku kucwangcisa iimeko kakhulu engqongqo nxaxheba. kwafuneka ukuba ungadlulanga owe ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ukususela kumhla wokufunyanwa-mvume ukuba baqale ukwakha kwesityalo imigodi ophumeleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, ungadlulanga owe ngaphezu kweminyaka 6.5 - ukuba baqale imveliso. Kwaye kule minyaka esixhenxe sam ngayo ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo. Njengokuba iimfuno ezongeziweyo ibe umsebenzi ukuphumeza notyalo-mali zentlalo. candelo, ukudala imisebenzi emitsha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko iphezulu kokusingqongileyo lweshishini. Kwangaxeshanye, iingcali uqaphele, kukho iprojekthi enkulu-obungaka akwazi ukuhlawulela ngokwawo kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10.

Ukuzaliswa nomlo

Umlo Udokan lathatha iminyaka eliqela. Phakathi contenders iintlobo iinkampani ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo: MMC "Norilsk Nickel", ngokubamba "esiSiseko Element", iqela "Onexim". Kamva, yenqaba ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Kule yokugqibela, kuqhutywa ngoSeptemba 2009, kwakukho JSC "Russian Railways" yaye "Mikhailovsky GOK". Inxalenye yokugqibela yeqela "Metalloinvest" waza waphumelela ukhuphiswano. Kuba winner mvume sele unike engange billion 15. Ngenxa yale nkampani "Mikhailovsky GOK" labekwa njenge umsebenzisi e Udokan. Le nkampani kwabunjwa ngokukodwa ukulungiselela le projekthi. inkqubo yenkampani kukuphuhlisa isicwangciso zophuhliso, ngokubonelela zobugcisa kunye neprojekthi amaxwebhu, nokutsala utyalo-mali, uphuhliso lwabaphathi zokusebenza. Bekucingelwa ukuba kwakuza mabasebenzisane kunye iqumrhu likarhulumente "Technologies Russian". Ekubeni sasayinwa kwisivumelwano intsebenziswano kunye nokwakhiwa joint venture.

kwinqanaba International

обратили внимание многие зарубежные предприятия. On Udokan wabona amashishini amaninzi amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho isitya sele ingqiniwe ngabameli Bateman Engineering NV. Le nkampani uphumeza Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa ubuchwepheshe kunye ukugwetyelwa kwesikim zobuchwepheshe ukwenza iprojekthi kwemigodi kunye nezintsonkothileyo metallurgical. Sele iqalile iimvavanyo yorhwebo isitya ore. Iziphumo zemisebenzi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza uvimba eyongezelelweyo ukuqulunqa ukubala yobugcisa kunye noqoqosho. Okwangoku, kukho ngobuwena ekhethwayo busebenze sele ngokunjalo. – автоклавное выщелачивание концентрата. Iingcali ze Bateman Engineering NV wanikela iteknoloji eyahlukileyo processing ekrwada Udokan - uxinzelelo iziniki-lo mxube. Le ndlela iye ayisetyenziswanga yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ekhaya. Ngale ndlela, ukuyilwa igesi neziko iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye kunciphise kakhulu umthwalo lokusingqongileyo.

amathuba

Phantse xeshanye ekuqaleni Bateman Engineering NV, sele uqalile umsebenzi imvume loovimba ngemilinganiselo JORC ngamazwe. Oku kuya kwandisa utyalo nomtsalane esityeni. Udokan eziveliswe emhadini evulekileyo. Kucingelwa ukuba uza kuqwalasela ngonyaka neetoni kwezigidi ezingama-36. Ore. Dibanisa, nto, uya kuvelisa ngaphezulu kwama-470 lamawaka. T. Cathodes, ngaxeshanye ukususa m ngaphezulu kwama-270. Silver.

imizimba nsimbi

Ba lenticular kunye tabular ezintsonkothileyo iidipozithi, ezintsonkothileyo kuqwalaselo zabo. Ngokufuthi ke foliated kwaye ibekwe en lwezintlu. Kwezinye iindawo, kukho umzimba ezithile ezisisiseko kumgama 2-3 km ecaleni akuzi. I inkulu kwaye izityebi kuzo ibekwe ingxenye Naminginskoy brahisinklinarii. Bona lubonakala kukwehla kumzantsi jikelele. Kumazantsi kukho ukuhla okubonakalayo kumandla izidumbu ore.

isakhiwo

Ubume lwangaphakathi emiselwe zinakho macala kunye rhoqo alternation lamanqanaba of ngamandla ezahlukeneyo orudnenija ugwayimbo kunye nkxu okanye ulwalathiso amandla. Kule meko, zibekiwe njenge "cake umaleko". Uphawula ukuhlukunyezwa rhoqo umzimba compact, ingakumbi kwi nelisemihlubulweni. Oku kungenxa kubukho lamanqanaba uludlolo. Lubonakaliswa utshintsho ekrwada om-1 ukuya 0.2. Udibaniso 0.6-0.8. Power kunye slaborudenelyh ludlolo ungqameko ziyahluka ukusuka amaqhezu kwemitha ukuya iimitha ezi-5. Ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba interlayers bazizityebi esikrwada imiphezulu lens zivalelwe kukhukuliseko, endaweni ezigodini asekuhlaleni rusloobraznyh ahlukile misinga. Ekwabeni tonkovpletennyh nsimbi sandstones zwi imithetho kakhulu erhwada hayi ziyazibhaqekela. Yakhiwe industrial uhlobo orudnenija abakhethwa ngokwesikhokelo kulingwa.

Iimveliso ezingundoqo

Njengoko uya kwenza njengoko cathode ubhedu (Grade A London Metal Exchange) kunye Doré bullion yesilivere. abasebenzisi eziphambili mxube ezi China kunye namashishini zasekhaya. izityalo eRashiya processing ubhedu avela sele sijamelene ukungabikho izinto ekrwada. Zeentsilelo ingqondo kwaye ithintela uphuhliso lwamashishini Chinese ukwenza copper esulungekisiweyo. Ngenxa kumgama omncinane ukusuka Chita, bahlanganisa nabo iimveliso kakhulu kuluncedo ngumfuziselo supply izinto ekrwada. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, kulindeleke ukuba kwandisa kwemfuno mxube. Oku kubangelwa kukwanda komthamo imveliso aluminiyam i eJapan, eRashiya kunye neTshayina.

isiphelo

Abasemagunyeni Transbaikalia ndinimisela Udokan nethemba iprojekthi yophuhliso. ukusebenza ezinzileyo lweshishini kuya kuvumela ukutsala yesi-4. Abantu. Ukongeza, izibonelelo zaphuculwa uya kwandisa ngokubonakalayo isixa kweentlawulo serhafu nebhajethi yengingqi, liphumeze iinkqubo zentlalo kuphuhliso amaqela amancinane zobuzwe ngamachule ale ngingqi. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, akunakwenzeka ukuba ihlehlise uphuhliso yasendle, kuba oko kuchaphazela kakubi ukhuseleko noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Okwangoku, imfuno izinto ezihlawulelwayo somfula Urals kunye Taimyr. Noko ke, babelawula zabo esengozini komzimba. Udokan kukwazi ukunika iimfuno zolu shishino ubuncinane isiqingatha senkulungwane. Kungenjalo kukho umngcipheko emanxebani zemveliso. Oku kuya kubangela kukwehla imeko yentlalo noqoqosho kwimimandla obhedu emazantsi eli lizwe.