A PD-14 injini turbofan iinkcukacha, uvavanyo uthelekiso, sebenzisa

Okwangoku, ishishini moya yasekhaya na ukuba uhlobo 'limbo "karhulumente: kwelinye icala, oko kukuthi, kwelinye - akukho moya mihla kuphela nophuhliso ekhaya kwiminyaka edlulileyo, Andikuboni thina. Yaye "Super Jet" ayithethi ukubala, kuba ukususela Russia - kuphela "indibano screwdriver". Ithemba kushishino moya lowo ke evocation ka PD-14 iimpawu injini (xa kuthelekiswa ne-analogue) ezivumela ukuba abize omnye kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ababhekisi phambili banethemba lokuba nokusekwa imoto entsha nefuthe kakhulu ngobume yonke kushishino lweenqwelo yasekhaya kwaye kuza kuba negalelo ekudalweni kwemisebenzi ezininzi ezintsha.

Le projekthi entsha

Yintoni ngokubanzi wadala injini entsha PD-14? Iimpawu (uthelekiso ngemizekelo angaphandle) iinjini mihla Russian ezifana kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza ziyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni into ngokupheleleyo entsha. Le abayili zaye ekhokelwa yi ingcamango wokudala mveliso, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka ukuphuhlisa nokwakha moya zabo enesakhono izihlalo 130 ukuya 180. Kuphela moto eklasini layo kunye imvelaphi Russian ngokupheleleyo - Tu-214. imveliso yalo ngokwamaqela amancinane kuyaqhubeka namhlanje.

Kodwa aba moya olungxamisekileyo akwanelanga, kufuneka izixhobo ukuba kuhlaziywe yonke fleet kweli lizwe. Kodwa ukwenza oku ngaphandle injini entsha ngokupheleleyo - akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Kuba iinkcukacha kunye nezakhono kukho into akufanele ukuba kunoogxa babo kbavelisi kubukho bukaThixo.

Ngokubanzi, ngenxa iziganeko zakutshanje Ukrainian kunye komsipha ngokupheleleyo yonxulumano kwicandelo mveliso omabini la mazwe, elikhulu ukubaluleka injini PD-14 (iinkcukacha, uthelekiso - kweli nqaku) nayo kwinkalo imvuselelo olupheleleyo uyilo kunye nokuveliswa iinjini yegesi kweli lizwe lethu. Ukongeza, ngexesha isicwangciso ezabelwe lona ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezinkulu:

• Zalisa ngokutsha kwe kushishino lweenqwelo yoluntu ngokuthi kulwabiwo ngokutsha iindima kunye nokubandakanyeka kule projekthi kwabadlali abatsha.
• Okokugqibela, sihlelwe ukwahlula kwiindawo uxanduva nokuphinda-ukudala icandelo yabasebenzi entsimini wokwenziwa iimveliso eyama leyo satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha ekuweni eSoviet Union.
• Kwakhona, yiko zeeprojekthi ubala kuphuhliso izinto ezintsha polymeric kwaye zizonke, apho zifuneka kakubi kushishino aerospace mihla.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Ingcamango yokuba eli lizwe ngokukhawuleza idinga injini moya entsha, wazalwa enzulwini "Aircraft Engine", xa umoya ekuqaleni kuka-2000. Time ngayo xa nzima kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa ngokwenyani kule projekthi, bambalwa bakholwa.

Kodwa umbutho eengcali kweli xesha ngononophelo kwaye ngenjongo bafunda ngamava kwehlabathi ekuvelisweni iinjini, kwakunye ukuhlalutya imarike kwezithuthi lwasekhaya, ukuzama ukuqikelela ukuba uhlobo uhlobo lwemoto kwishishini zoPhapho zifunwa kakhulu. Yintoni kanye kufuneka zabelwe injini PD-14? Iimpawu (thelekisa nokulungisa) kunye iisampuli amazwe ukumane uveze ukongama kwayo kumakishwa.

Kutheni? Yinto elula. Ngaloo mihla, iimveliso labavelisi moya amazwe ukuba "lokutyhala" kwiimarike zethu iindlela silwe kakhulu. Yeha ke, akukho umlinganiselo omncinane negalelo koku, kwaye abanye abaphathi. Namhlanje, ngenxa izohlwayo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akunjalo efanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente ngokwalo "ngequbuliso" waba nomdla ithuba imveliso yasekhaya ye injini. Ngoko ke ibandla "Aircraft yenjini" ngoko kamsinya ugqaliselo zombini eendaba basekhaya angaphandle.

Eyona engundoqo Iinjongo zale projekthi

Umsebenzi ophambili ngelo xesha ukuba ibonelele ixabiso elamkelekileyo, eya kuba imveliso yaqala ukuthenga ngenkuthalo. Kwaba ngoko ukuba ingcamango ukudala esimanyeneyo jikelele generator negesi. Ukuba iyaphumelela, ngoko ilizwe lethu liya kuba nako ukuyila uluhlu elikhulu izixhobo zayo mveliso, nto leyo abangakwaziyo kodwa nemihlali.

Yintoni injini turbofan, imigaqo

Indlela ukuqonda ngcono iingenelo ezinikezelwa yi-injini entsha turbofan? Umgaqo intsebenziswano yabo bonke iinjini ofanayo efanayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lo mba kufuneka kuviwa iinkcukacha ngakumbi, kuba ngenye indlela akunakwenzeka ukuqonda kweenzuzo zobuchwepheshe obutsha.

Turbofan kule ncwadi ekubhekiselelwe iinjini ezinomlinganiselo eliphezulu badlule. Olona phawu lokwahlula kuba phambi fan ubukhulu becala, ngalo udlula injini kusoloko umthamo omkhulu kakhulu emoyeni. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kwezahlulo injini esatsiba engaphandle kaninzi iba kakhulu "omkhulukazi", kodwa kuba iyanqanyulwa. Ukuze ke kukho ingozi yokuba ukuphazamiseka emoyeni kuyilo ziquka vanes, leyo azibuyisele umoya ukuhamba umxube kwelo cala.

Ngako oko, ngenxa yezenzo yayo kakhulu embhoxo iinjini enomjukujelwa, kodwa ukuhamba okuxuba kubo nesele anayenza. Inzuzo iinjini turbofan kukuba jet ukusivala umjukujelwa "umbhobho"; kulo mzekelo, enye fan olongezelelweyo esijikelezayo, nto leyo onamandla saliphosa. Kuba uvelisa kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-70-80% ye imoto iyonke. Ngoko ke, lo moya injini PD-14 nenoqoqosho kakhulu. Aya engaphakathi iinjini uphinda uyilo iimodeli rocket phantse ngokupheleleyo, kodwa amanyathelo zabo "nodibaniso 'ezi fan eqhutywa.

Ubuhle lobubi

Njengazo zonke "izalamane" moya injini PD-14 kumacala omabini aso akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Phakathi amandla alo ziquka ukusebenza ophezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ezi zityalo amandla kwiindlela ezihamba imigama.

Oko uneempazamo? Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - a ubungakanani enkulu kakhulu kwaye kukho ubunzima ophucukileyo. Nangona kwemizamo emihle iinjineli kunye izazinzulu, iinjini turbofan ekwazi ukumelana elibalulekileyo komoya eziza ibhabha. Kucingelwa ukuba le ngxaki iza kusonjululwa xa kukho iindlela zokunciphisa imilinganiso yabo yonke.

umahluko athelekisekayo

I-injini entsha turbofan lo mgaqo ezifana i "wayengekho" wayifanisa zasekhaya, kodwa eyahlukileyo kakhulu langaphambili. Kakade ke, umahluko "yi iliso" ibonakala kuphela iinjineli. Ukuba usithelekise imodeli PS-90A (IL-96, Tu-214, Il-76), kuba kwaoko buqapheleke, Musa ukuboyika ilizwi, uvale esemgangathweni kwinkqubo lobuchwepheshe kunye ezinokwenzeka.

Esa ratio anda kanye kabini, lobushushu igesi ekungeneni ukuya injini nangoko landile ukuya ku-100 K, iqondo lilonke ucinezelo (phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo) inyuke nge-20-50%. Xa kuthelekiswa iintlobo ekhankanywe apha ngasentla injini zasekhaya, lo moya injini PD-14 ezintsha ikuvumela ukugcina amafutha ubuncinane 12-16% ngaphezulu.

yokonga ubunzima

Kuba ngqa basekhaya moya yoluntu technology yoyilo injini ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso iincakuba turbine usikrobana ophezulu-amandla aluminiyamu titanium.

Oku kunika ugcino ubunzima ka-30%, iyonke injini moya entsha PD-14 ibe lula malunga-10%. Kwakhona le Perm Motor Plant ngoku kakuhle netheknoloji kwimveliso olunye-crystal iincakuba turbine ukusebenza. Kuvakala ukuba le ndlela iza kuvumela ukuphakamisa iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ze gesi ekunene ukuya ku 2000 K.

Ukongeza, abenzi zazingenela kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa injini ziya ukusebenzisa loo mali izinto edityanisiweyo Polymer. Ngenxa ndlela kunciphisa kuphela kakhulu ubunzima injini kodwa ukwandisa amandla alo ukuxhathisa nomthwalo.

Ixabiso yinjini entsha

Njengokuba siye sathi kumphantsi kakhulu ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, awukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na inqwelo-moya entsha, sokungakwazi pre-cursors ezintsha. Ne ezintsha zonke ngokuthe ngcembe kuhlengahlengiswa: Kungekudala uvavanyo injini PD-14 ekwimo uRhulumente uya kuqalisa ukutshekisha ... Kodwa uhlobo yeemoto ziza kuxhotyiswa nabo?

Kuthathwa ukuba ingakumbi ezi kwiimowutha abaza kudalwa MS-21 moya (buti, kwinkulungwane yama-21). Ukuba oku kuza ngokwenene ukusebenza, ngoko ke sithethe idabi lokwenene, ixesha lokuqala ukusukela kumaxesha yiSoviet kwilizwe lethu iza ngokwenene udale into entsha. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, le injini Russian PD-14 iya kudala lonke uluhlu moya entsha eyenzelwe ukwenza njenge moya ezihamba imigama kunye neendawo yemigca zangaphakathi. Kude kube kamva nje, wonke umntu wathi moya Russian kufuneka axhotyiswe kuphela injini amazwe. Namhlanje lwabonisa ukuba Ngethamsanqa akunjalo.

Ziziphi imishini Niza ukubaxhobisa?

Sele namhlanje kuyabonakala ukuba uyilo omtsha motor olumanyeneyo ivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kuphela abakhweli, kodwa moya zothutho. Ekubeni uzimisele njengoko iitoni ezili-14, le modeli ingafakwa MS-21-200 / 300/400. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuvunyelwa ukuba bagqibe IL-76 ne-IL-214. Kukho ulwazi malunga kwasekuqalekeni kwendalo i qinile nguqulo ne ahlabe iitoni ezili-18, oko kukuthi, i-PD-18. Kujongwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-Tu-214 moya IL-96. Thina bakhumbuze ukuba zonke ezi matshini baxhotyiswa "nezakudala" PS-90A.

Kwakhona, ingxelo abaphuhlisi ukuba sele yenze isigqibo, kunye nokudalwa ekhanyayo yale injini kunye ahlabe iitoni ezilishumi. Simele sicinge ukuba iya kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukuzeka kade umsindo "Superjet" kuthenga iinjini apho France ngoku akukho bani ofuna. Okokugqibela, kukho uya kumisa esikhethekileyo, Helicopter inguqulelo injini, nto leyo eza kugqitywa kunye lothutho "cow" edumileyo, yena ntaka Mi-26.

Nanamhla oku, ekwenziweni ezi imishini kusetyenziswa iinjini Ukrainian D-136. Nkqu izibalo lokuqala zibonisa ukuba iimfuno ezikhoyo kwabo iinjini na ngaphezu kwanela ukujongana nazo zonke iindleko, ezo zifunyenwe ngexesha kuphuhliso ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Kucetywa ukuba ukukhulisa engange-70 billion lotyalo-mali, isiqingatha sawo - ukusuka mali federal. Le meko yokugqibela ibonisa ukuba le projekthi kuyimfuneko ukuba lizwe.

Yintoni ephosakeleyo endala PS90-A?

Injini entsha for MS-21, PD-14 - isizukulwana esitsha kwiinqwelo-epropu iinjini. Ukongeza, ukuba isebenzisane ngokupheleleyo kunye iinguqulelo moya endala kakhulu. Ngoko kwakufanele "amagqala" ka-IL-76, loo maxesha apho ukuba ngokunzima ukususela kunyaka ophelileyo, xa ezifakwe kwi-injini entsha leyo ebhabha emashumini ezimbalwa amawaka iiyure. Ukongeza, ukuba uyakwazi ukwandisa uluhlu moya evela iikhilomitha ezine ukuya kumawaka amahlanu, kunye mthwalo kwaye umgama uya kwandisa kwiikhilomitha eziliwaka, yaye amafutha kuncitshiswa 14%. Le yokugqibela ibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba Bulelani kuye, kuya kunciphisa iindleko yokuthutha Ndiziva ethutha kanye nge-10%.

Ngenxa yoko, i-injini endala, ilungelo wakhonza umsebenzi wabo ixesha kwaye ziphuhliswe kwi-USSR de ngayo umsebenzi walo, kodwa iimfuno zale mihla, ayisekho kufanela. Eyona ngxaki - ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha kunye ingxolo enkulu. Enyanisweni, uye lwaziwa ixesha elide, kodwa amanyathelo eziphathekayo okulungisa loo meko kunye nokudala injini entsha yenziwa kuphela ngoku. Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba bathi kuphela ngoku zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela umsebenzi.

ulwazi Official malunga nenkqubela

Ngokusesikweni, le injini sele kuphuhliso ukusukela ngo-2008, kodwa eneneni yakhe yokwakha yeqela abanetalente ngayo abathungi yaqala emva ngo-1999.

Ngo-2012, okokuqala, ubuthe version demo ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo lixa kwabakho iinkqubo olubanzi yohlelo gasifier, lowo umngcatshayo imingeni ephambili designer. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke iziphene sele ziphelisiwe ngempumelelo. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala injini Perm yasungulwa phakathi ku-2012. Ngelo xesha linye abayili baye bafumanisa ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu kuyilo zihambelana imeko bobuqili imicimbi, nto leyo eye komelezwa nenkolelo yabo imfuno engxamisekileyo zokumisa imveliso iinjini ezintsha.

iimvavanyo Bena ekuqaleni nekucetywa ukuba iza kugqitywa kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba ezinye iingxaki kukho ubungqina bokuba Siyaqhuba ngokuyinxenye unanamhla. Kulindeleke ukuba kulo nyaka uza kuqalisa imveliso abaninzi, kunye nonyaka Permian ndiqokelele iinjini ezintsha hayi zokuhlola ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kwaye - mncinane kakhulu, njengoko umqhubi basekhaya bakholelwa ukuba amazinga langoku moya ngo-2019, iinjini moya kufuneka kuphekwe kwenye ngesantya yemidlalo - izinto 200 kwiinyanga ezili-12. Kuyathenjwa ukuba ishishini zasekhaya ziya kuba nako "ukutsala" iprojekthi.

Kuthekani MS-21?

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi lokuqala ixesha ukuqala umsebenzi ekuvelisweni moya omtsha waqalisa ukufika ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakusazeka ukuba i-Irkutsk sisityalo moya esele ziqokelelwe igobhogobho lokuqala airliner omtsha ekhaya, olwaziwa kakuhle phantsi kwegama "ongamiselwanga" Yak-242 kwindawo yazo.

Iphiko izinto ezihlolwayo ekhethekileyo eqokelelwa Ulyanovsk. Kungenzeka sele kufika e Irkutsk. abezindaba basekhaya babe abameli babo kwishishini, ngokuqinileyo wathembisa ukuba ibhodi lokuqala liya kuba nako ukukhwela olu hlobo emoyeni. Kuvakala ukuba umenzi sele izivumelwano eqinileyo 175 ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye nonikezelo MS-21. Abathengi imibutho emininzi ezinkulu, eziquka nkqu Sberbank, eyenza i ukuziswa moya entsha zengqesho.

Kukho kwakhona iinkcukacha Ukongezelela yayalela 100 moya hlobo, oya kundikhonza zasekhaya kuphela, kodwa abaguquleli basemzini nje ngabathengi. Lo myalezo eyinqaba ngenene, ngenxa yokuba ixesha umntu lokugqibela waba nomdla moya yethu abakhweli kuphela ngamaxesha Soviet.

Ukubaluleka yeprojekthi MS-21 ukuba --moya wokuqala kuphela zasekhaya, wadala ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebenzi amahasa Union of xesha, loo nto ukusebenzisa izakhi amazwe. Kwi indiza ukulandelela iinqwelomoya yokuqala yale ziya kukhutshwa kuphela emva kokugqitywa lokugqibela zonke iintlobo iimvavanyo sendiza esitulweni, eziqhubekayo unanamhla.

iziphumo

Ngaloo ndlela, a injini entsha ethembisayo - idabi lokwenene kulo lonke ushishino basekhaya,-moya ethile, yoluntu. Ngokumalunga imfuneko ezi Motors, oko yeyabahlali. Unembali ende abathwali basekhaya bathi akakuthandi kakhulu kuthenga kuyekiswa inqwelomoya elizweni, ngumthombo leyo sisele. Kodwa ngoxa imboni yasekhaya babengenakunikela into efanelekileyo.

Namhlanje kukho i-injini kunye moya. Ekubeni nxamnye isimo sethu enemvume, amathuba ukuze bathenge into kwelinye akakho, elintinge izinga lotshintshiselwano a ningongezi nomtsalane esi sigqibo. Ngoko ukuba le projekthi kazwelonke iye amathuba emikhulu. Kuyathenjwa ukuba ishishini akayi lungapheli kwaye iya kuba nakho ukubonelela abenzi zonke izincedisi eziyimfuneko.