Ucalulo zamaqela zemihlaba

Umphezulu lilele zeengxondorha, nto leyo lubekwa kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba "primer". iimpawu zayo zixhomekeke ngqo kwi iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo lwangaphandle olunokubangela iikhemikhali kunye ukhukuliseko ngokwasemzimbeni, ukutshatyalaliswa umoya, ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, kwakunye notshintsho obushushu. Inxalenye oluphezulu emhlabeni, kuxhomekeke impembelelo olongezelelweyo izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, ekuthiwa umhlaba. Impembelelo ye zomhlaba ngexesha lokwakha izakhiwo kunye neendlela likhulu kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo neempawu uzinzo ezahlukeneyo ukuqina technology cover umhlaba kunye noyilo yokwakha.

Ngu degree of ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba kunye namatye integuments, ukwahlula amaqela zilandelayo engundoqo imihlaba:

1. Neskalnye.

2. Rock.

Iqela lokuqala, yena, yahlulelwe kwii ngamaqela eziliqela kuxhomekeke kubungakanani eqhekekileyo: erhabaxa, udongwe kunye nemihlaba nesanti.

umhlaba iqela ngoboya liquka umxube ubukhulu bamagaqa engadityaniswanga ezingaphezu kwe-2 mm, kunye inani labo le ngaphezu kwama-50% ngokobunzima. Imihlaba yesanti na umxube owomileyo kwamaqondo eparticulate bulk mass iyonke ayinayo ductility ngokwaneleyo.

amaqela Imihlaba zodongwe trenching iziciko, hayi badlula amanzi olunokuba imeko monolithic okanye owomileyo sofele, kodwa iplastiki zikwimo desensitised. Okubhalwe zeengxondorha argillaceous kufuneka ubuncinane 3% of ubunzima iyonke.

Imihlaba iqela Rock yahlulwe nemetamorphic, igneous ludaka. Bona babe nolwalamano engqongqo ngokwaneleyo phakathi umxube okuziinkozo amasuntswana nezimbiwa, oko kulala umaleko echachambileyo okanye uluhlu oluqhubekayo.

Igneous besenza amatye imvelaphi mlilo kunye nokuhlelwa yayo ethile: effusive, umzekelo, diabase kunye abangelwe, kwaye olunzulu, ezifana syenite negranite.

Bonisa nemetamorphic aye ekucaca ukuba lobushushu eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, umzekelo, nezemarmore, quartzite okanye gneiss. Le mathiriyeli inqanaba eliphezulu namandla.

Lokusekwa qela zemihlaba lentlenga ngenxa bekelelo amasuntswana ukusuka oluludaka lead kamva iguqulelwa umaleko monolithic. Bona mhlawumbi ngenxa imichiza umphunga isimemezelo, okanye iintlobo kweenkqubo organic. Ngokufanayo ukuvela Marl, dolomite, gypsum, lekalika kunye nja-.

iimeko neentlenge yabangela Ukuhlelwa ngakumbi aeolian, gquma amanzi-glacial, emlanjeni naselwandle.

rocks Clastic ziquka nomnye amabini, ezo ezahlulwe uhlobo intsebenziswano phakathi kweengqakumbana kwi elidityaniswe (udongwe) kunye kobonelelo (isanti kunye luhlalu).

Iimpawu iqela ngalinye lomhlaba kuxhomekeke ukubonakala elulwalweni, kodwa zisenokwahluka kakhulu kwemichiza kunye mineralogical ukubunjwa, uhlobo lonxibelelwano, imilo kunye isuntswana ubukhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, primer yinkqubo abasasazekileyo multiphase, isimo yayo yendalo ngayo lunezigaba ezintathu: amacandelo bezimbiwa of iliwa, amanzi kunye nomoya.