Tolling: iimpawu zibe

Kwimisebenzi practice ngamazwe ngokurhafiswa ekuthiwa tolling, nto leyo uhlobo counter-kurhwebo kwaye luphawulwa processing of raw materials zifumaneke kumqhubekekisi. Ngaloo tolling umthamo elingana impahla. Ukusiwa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezenziwe imvumelwano. Yokurhafisa kwenziwa, umzekelo, ekuveliseni i-oyile oil aluminum kunye noshishino lwee-elektroniki kwi kunye nokukhululwa kwempahla yabathengi, kunye eyenzelwe le material ngumthengi. Imisebenzi tolling eveliswa ngaphakathi kwilizwe elinye (bengena lwangaphakathi) kwaye ibe bengena lwangaphandle - Enye into esinceda sisulungeke umbandela ekrwada, efunyenwe kwamanye amazwe.

I kwezoqoqosho umxholo accounting tolling ukuba umnini umbandela ekrwada, hayi ukuba izibonelelo zayo processing, inika amashishini imveliso kwi afunekayo ukuvelisa wobungakanani lithile umthamo impahla. Iindleko zempahla ekrwada kuhlawulwa yi nguMthengi kumqhubekekisi enxulumene iindleko zemveliso, kwakunye nokubonelela inkampani isabelo ethile yenzuzo.

Kwenziwe imvumelwano ukuze tolling, kwelinye icala, umnini zomxhobisi izinto ekrwada kunye umthengi kweemveliso ukuqhubekekiswa, kwaye kwicala yesibini, isivumelwano esatyikitywa yinkampani-elilondoloza inkukuma. Isifundo kwesivumelwano kukuba kubetheleleke ukuhluzwa izinto ukuze kuphume imveliso ugqibile ngokungqinelana nemiqathango ekuvunyelwene, ukusebenza kunye nemigangatho zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho. Esetyenziswa ukuncedisana ne-isivumelwano zibe kwindawo enye icala kunye nabanye baza kungena kwimvumelwano, ezicacisayo ngokweenkcukacha zonke iimpawu kunye nemiqathango yonikezelo izinto ekrwada.

Companies wamondla ezenziwe kwi ikhomishini ukuba langaphandle emarikeni, oko kukuthi kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ukuba iindleko zokubonelela ekrwada izinto yaye agqitywa iimveliso tiyimisele ngokwesiseko yehlabathi amanani e ekuphumezeni ngamazwe ekupakisheni kwimisebenzi kweli lizwe - ngokungqinelana lehoseyile amaxabiso.

Kuba iintengiselwano ngamazwe isicelo ulawulo amasiko, kwimeko apho umsebenzi kuthiwa bengena processing phantsi kolawulo amasiko. isicelo sayo ivumela ukukhulula amaqela contract kwimiqathango kwezoqoqosho karhulumente, imisebenzi kumazwe oblaganiya ukuba ulawulo amasiko ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso yenziwe ngezinto ekrwada elikhankanyiweyo lesivumelwano, nokuba iimveliso zixhomekeke ukususwa.

A inkalo yokwenza izibophelelo phantsi bengena ikhontrakthi kukuba umonakalo kunye nokuhlawulwa kwezohlwayo abantu abadli ezenziwe ngemali kunye ngohlobo eemveliso. Ukuba umthengisi uye tolling ngaphandle kwexesha okanye mgangathweni, ngoko ngokucelwa kumqhubekekisi kufuneka dopostavit Ukongezelela inani izinto, nto leyo iza kumhlawula umenzi iilahleko kwaye iya kuhlawula imali fayini.

ERashiya, njengoko imisebenzi yenziwa ngokusekelezwe tolling. Ukusebenzisa bengena ivumela kwintlekele yoqoqosho, ukunqongophala asethi zangoku kunye nokungabikho mali evela zemigodi izinto amashishini raw ukwenza imiyalelo amakhulu amazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, usebenzisa imisebenzi tolling eyolukiweyo amashishini of Saratov kunye eMoscow basilela ukuvelisa bokuthunga kwaye zithunyelwa ngaphandle United States iqela elikhulu iibhatyi zabantu kunye iisuti amabhinqa, eyenziwe lwezincedisi kunye nababoneleli ilaphu. Sayan weAluminiyam izivumelwano bengena kukwazi inkqubo ebonelelwe izinto kwaye ngaphandle aluminiyam iimveliso ugqibile.