Thomism kukuba? Inkcazo kunye nentsingiselo

Philosophy - isayensi kudala isixa esikhulu se imbambano. Kunjalo, apha ungasoloko ufumana indawo ingcamango. A lot of zobulumko kangangeenkulungwane kumqolo banikela iingcamango zabo kunye neengcamango. Ngexesha mali wabo omkhulu. Yaye uninzi lwabo baye bafudukela unqulo. Kunye akekho, deism, Thomism Thomism kunye nezinye izidalwa.

Yintoni na?

Thomism - ingcamango yenzululwazi elukholweni yamaKatolika, baqulunqe sobulumko odumileyo uThomas Aquinas. Njengoko le mfundiso kuthiwa fomizmom. Amaxesha amaninzi lo mbono kuthiwa ukutolikwa qhagamshela of Aristotelian. Zonke izinto ezisisiseko Aquinas sele iboniswe emsebenzini wakhe "Summa Theologica". Kuthiwa ukuba ezi ngcinga azifanelekanga izimiso zokholo, kodwa kunokuba sisixhobo epraktikhali ukuqonda ingcamango ngoncedo engqiqo.

indaba

Emva kokuba inkangeleko yale mbono ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukusasaza kwindawo ethile. Aquinas Thomism lithandwa kwi Order Dominican. Ngo-bulumko ngenkulungwane ye-15 esivelayo, kukho ikho into scholasticism. It uqalisa ukwakha ku Thomism. Ngoko le ngcamango iqalisa ukuba bazohlule babe imiyalelo eziliqela. Kukho Orthodox kunye Renaissance Thomism. Eyokuqala kuphika uphuhliso into kukho ukunqongophala ngokwala maxesha. Eyesibini ibandakanya Yindibanisela Thomism kunye iingcamango ezintsha humanistic.

Hi ndlela leyi, le Renaissance Thomism yaziwa ngokuba iSpanish, kuba kuqala esamkelwa Dominican Francisco de Vitoria, yaye emva - i wamaJesuit Fransisko Suaresom. I Last wazama ukuchaza ezinye iinkolelo ngokoqobo kunye mbono. Wazama ukuguqula onke amagama nobuntu kuhlalutyo nenzululwazi yendalo. Ngaphezu koko, la mabini wazama ekuqaleni ahlulelane kunye nokuhlanganisa ngaxeshanye.

A kwisigaba entsha kwimbali ibe siyayazi ukuba Thomism - nanjengokwesimo wezakwalizwi yamaKatolika. Lo mbuzo eziphakanyiswe uPopu Leo XIII e eyayichaza yakhe. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1879. Emva koko eli xwebhu wembali yaba esisinyanzelo isifundo kwisikolo ngasinye ngokomoya.

umsunguli

Ethetha ngale ngcamango, asinakukwazi ndingathethi lizwi ngaye "nguyise." Umsunguli Thomism - Foma Akvinsky - yezizathu wazalwa ngo-1225. Yena waba sobulumko wezakwalizwi eItali. Ukongeza kumsebenzi ezinxulumene Thomism, sisaxakekile kunye systematization of scholasticism, yaba utitshala leCawa, ilungu le-Order Dominican.

Kakade iminyaka emininzi emva kokufa kwakhe, ngowe-1879, nokwazeka njengenye zobulumko zibalulekileyo kunye nempembelelo lobuKatolika. Lakhe umzamo dumisa nempumelelo yokuhlanganisa imfundiso yobuKristu Aristotelianism. Ukongeza, wakwazi ukwenza nokuthi ukuveza nobungqina ezintlanu ubukho bukaThixo.

intliziyo

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Thomism - yingcamango ezininzi ukuba ezinokuchazwa kwiindawo ezininzi. Unokufunda okungakumbi ngale mfundiso, akuba ngomsebenzi kwithiyori ulwazi. Kuvumeleke kwakhona ukudibanisa Thomism kunye imfundiso yokuba. Kwaye iyihlanganise kunye nenzululwazi ubume boluntu. Kukho imbono yokuba phezu kakuhle eli mfundiso, kwakunye neembono esesikweni kunye nezopolitiko.

theory ulwazi

Thomism ifilosofi - na izimvo ezintsonkothileyo ezizama ukudibanisa oko ngaphambili kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuba kunye. Ngenxa yoko, le mfundiso ufuna ukwahlula phakathi bulumko yenkolo. Aquinas wayekholelwa ukuba kwimeko lokuqala umbandela 'iinyaniso engqiqo ", ngoxa yesibini -' inyaniso ngokwesityhilelo."

-Sobulumko Wayeqinisekile ukuba ukholo isizathu akakwazi kabukhali wayengazifuni. Zombini ezi ngcamango zivela kuThixo, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ayiphikisani. Thomism ithetha ukuba ifilosofi i "ikhoboka" wezakwalizwi kangangoko ingqondo yomntu iphantsi phambi ubulumko bukaThixo. Le mfundiso lichaza inyaniso njengoko imbalelwano bengqondo kunye nezinto.

Ethetha malunga nezimaphambili, Thomism ithanda ngokoqobo ngomlinganiselo. It shoka him ngexesha lakhe Aristotle. Kukholelwa ukuba iimpawu yenjongosenzi na uhlobo yawo ephambili. Lowo ngumongo eqhelekileyo hlobo ayikho. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkcazelo ezinkulu theoretical bayazibhijabhija ezintathu jikelele:

• wokuqala ubizwa ngokuba 'kwizinto' kwaye ngumongo ingcinga kaThixo;
• yesibini - "ezintweni" - libhekisela ngokubanzi yezinto;
• no "emva koko" iphathwa njenge ubuchule ngengqondo bomntu ukususa izinto ukusuka umxholo kunye nohlobo lo mbono.

ekubeni

Izazinzulu ezininzi aziyo Thomism, kucingwa ukuba le mfundiso nelithi ontology. Yiloo nto ukufunda yokuba na unxibelelwano phakathi iingcamango ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko Thomist ukuhlelwa iinkcazelo ezininzi ezinkulu ontology.

Lo mbono ibalulekileyo imfundiso yokuba Thomism na bokuba ubukho bukaThixo. Kwaye lo mbono ayikho nje esisiseko, oko kunika kwakhona kwaye acacise amandla nezinye izinto. UThixo ekuqondeni yobukho.

Kwintanda-bulumko Fomy Akvinskogo, Thomism ngokukodwa, ekwabelwana ingcamango ubuntu kunye ukhona. Basenokuba ngaxeshanye, kodwa xa kufikwa kwizinto. Kodwa ke ukufana lokwenene kufikelelwa kuphela kuThixo. Ngoko ke, imfundiso ibonisa ukuba umongo - yinto ithuba, kodwa ubukho - yinto yokwenene.

abantu

Thomism - imfundiso equka iintlobo kwezinye iinkalo. Ngoko ke, xa athe umba ukusuka kwindawo yabantu lwembono, fomizm iqwalasela indoda leyo ngokupheleleyo lomzimba kunye komphefumlo. Okanye kunokuba - udibaniso ukuvumelana. Siyazi kwezinye bulumko, ukuba umphefumlo - akunamsebenzi kwaye iziyobisi. Kodwa ngenxa umzimba uthi okuthwesa ukuphunyezwa.

Ngenxa yoko, siqonde ukuba umphefumlo kwakungamandla awayeqhuba lomzimba kunye nefom wayo kakhulu. Aquinas wayekholelwa ukuba uhleli emva kokufa. Ngaphandle yokuba uzimele ivela emzimbeni, oko engafiyo.

Hi ndlela leyi, kukho ingongoma yabantu lwembono uboniswa ku ithisisi ka Thomism. Ngenxa kule mfundiso kwakusazeka ukuba umphefumlo linemisebenzi emibini engundoqo: ulwazi kunye nentando. Ngoko ke, lo wokuqala - yiloo njongo, kwaye eyesibini - ukuyiphumeza. Ngoko nangoko pops kukhetha intellectualism. Njengoko 21 th ithisisi "sizathu ngaphezu ukholo."

space

Ngenxa ulwazi oluncinane Fomy Akvinskogo, kwaye ngokwenene bonke abantu ixesha, indawo Thomism Wayemelwe njenge ileli. -Sobulumko babekholelwa ukuba ibakala yokuqala yehlabathi zizidalwa ezingaphiliyo, izityalo njl elise, ilandelwa yi izilwanyana, abantu, ngomhla wesihlanu eqongeni - iingelosi, kwaye phezu yonke into uThixo. Yena nje incopho, kwaye isizathu, intsingiselo nenjongo bonke kunye neminye imirhumo.

Ethics kunye nezepolitiki

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, Thomism - imfundiso ethe eyangena onke amazinga. Ukusuka apha Baya kunye neembono esesikweni kunye nezopolitiko. Zenza zokuziphatha Thomistic. injongo yaso ukutyhilwa. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho Aquinas, kwisenzo bomntu elungileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngaphantsi njongo elungileyo.

Le mbono siyohlala iBhayibhile nxamnye nengqondo, nto leyo ithi xa umntu neenjongo ezintle, ngoko ke ubomi Grace eliNgcwele. Hi ndlela leyi, Thomism kuthetha ukuba isidima - nje umnqweno. Kungenzeka, kuba sisakhono elungileyo.

ezintsha

Thomism kunye neo-Thomism bayavana. Sinokuthi ukuba ezi mfundiso zimbini kuyahambisana. Umehluko - ekuhambeni kwexesha lekhefu. Isibakala sokuba zeniyo-Thomism - asinto ingcamango kuphela, kodwa bulumko esemthethweni amaKatolika kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1879 ukuya 1962.

Le mfundiso intsha ikakhulu siqinisekisa ezimbini kudala kunye ukhona. Eyokuqala imelwe nguThixo, kwaye eyesibini - indalo. Ngenxa yoko, uThixo ngoyena nobangela yokuqala, into - Yindibanisela mba fomu, kunye nenkqubo - intshukumo okunokuvela ukuba ngokwenene. Ke kaloku ukuthandwa kwezi ntsingiselo ezimbini kuba lincinane kakhulu. Kuyinto ezisitheleyo ngakumbi nangakumbi baseYurophu babe kubukho bukaThixo.