Siseko isiJamani. Isakhiwo State of kwahlelwa Germany

Emva kokuphela nokubulawa yeSibini yeHlabathi ntshona yinxalenye yeJamani, ummandla umsebenzi eManyeneyo (i-UK, US kunye France), waqalisa ukuba avuke amabhodlo. Oku kwakunjalo kukarhulumente welizwe abayazileyo amava ekrakra udushe. Siseko German, yamkelwa kunyaka 1949, yavuma uyiRhiphablikhi zepalamente, leyo yayisekelwe kwimigaqo eziphathelele amalungelo oluntu, amalungelo oluntu kunye federalism.

Of umdla omkhulu kukuba ekuqaleni uxwebhu savunywayo njenge-mthetho yethutyana olusisiseko xesha lotshintsho, i yangoku ukugqibezela kumanyano lwezopolitiko iinxalenye ezimbini karhulumente. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi kwintshayelelo. Kodwa ke 1949 siseko waseJamani kuye kwaqatshelwa njengoko impumelelo enkulu kakhulu kwimbali German. Emva begazi lwe eJamani isiphumo loxwebhu okwexeshana isusiwe evela kwintshayelelo. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-siseko yasemva kwemfazwe ngxi ukusebenza namhlanje.

FRG UMgaqo-siseko ekwakhiweni kwayo umthetho, kulo wathi, uye uxwebhu eqhubela phambili kakhulu, nto leyo kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso uluntu yedemokhrasi ekubuyekezeni free eJamani. Akukho nto endlwini yakhe yokuqala elinethoba mayichaze ngokunzulu amalungelo abemi karhulumente ntsha kunye nokuzinikela ecacileyo kwidemokhrasi.

La malungiselelo siseko Isijamani unqumle ngaphandle imbali yabantu German elidlulileyo emnyama lwamaNazi. Ukunika abemi ngamathuba awoneleyo zokuqonda amalungelo abo, umthetho esisiseko ngexesha elifanayo okunqanda izenzo ukuba sesona soyikiso ezingayingozi kwenkqubo yentando yesininzi kunye iziseko uluntu oluphucukileyo yaseYurophu. Ngowe-1951, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaye yaziswa eJamani. Oku noko elinye inyathelo ebalulekileyo kule ndlela enzima yokwakha uluntu yedemokhrasi kweli lizwe, kude kube ngoku lokuzibona yisayensi kunye nokungaphumeleli iSocialism yeSizwe.

ukutyhileka kakhulu kukuba, phantsi umgaqo-siseko omtsha, wonke ummandla ka-West Jamani wavalwa kuphela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo amaqela-iphiko neo-lwamaNazi, kodwa amaKomanisi. Akwazi kuthathwa uhlobo ukunqwala kubo amagunya noloyiso Allied. Kwakhona ke German siseko ka-1949 imisela ezithile ezibalaseleyo imigaqo yolawulo lwentando yesininzi: indima okuvelelayo ulawulo lomthetho, ngokwentlalo ojolise amaziko zegunya karhulumente kunye nesakhiwo federal kweli lizwe.

Kulo mzekelo, ukwenza naziphi na izilungiso, utshintsho kunye nezongezo umthetho ezingundoqo ngokuyimfuneko imvume yabo imvume esithathwini ezimbini amalungu Bundestag kunye Bundesrat ubuncinane. Nakuba kunjalo, amalungiselelo athile esisiseko ye-siseko inokuba kuxhomekeka ukuba ukutshintsha, nkqu kule meko. Kwakukho ngokucacileyo abachatshazelwa yi izifundo ezifundwe amaNazi beza amandla iziqhamo zomsebenzi wabo.

Umgaqo federalism, ezo zifundo belizwe karhulumente semveli ngokwembali for eJamani. Olu hlobo yokwakhiwa urhulumente wadlula indlela enzima ukusuka federalism ngokwalapha ukuya imodeli mihla federalism sentsebenziswano apho umhlaba nganye nokuthatha ngokulinganayo kubomi kwezopolitiko karhulumente, kunye norhulumente yaso, umgaqo-siseko kunye nezinye iimpawu sokumiswa. Loo isixhobo yabuyela obhengezwe kwaye kwi siseko kwemfazwe, njengoko ifanelekileyo ukuze izithethe yembali yabantu German. Ngoku Germany kwaye inama kakhulu kuphuhliswa ngumthetho yabasebenzi eYurophu.