Rudiment - bubungqina kophuhliso yembali yehlabathi organic

Rudiment - kuba umzimba, ixabiso iphambili ethe yalahleka kwinkqubo yophuhliso yokuzivelela kumzimba. Phantsi kolu luvo kuyo kwakhona ngaphakathi isakhiwo, kunye namathuba kuncitshiswa zibe ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa izakhiwo ehambisana kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba lamalungu abusebenzi, kodwa uninzi lwabo ngoku benze eminye imisebenzi engabalulekanga okanye ilula esebenzisa izakhiwo, mhlawumbi wayefuna kwiinjongo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi.

izipho Strange kwemvelo

Ngu ekuqaleni komzimba lokuthelekisa kwinkulungwane XIX, okwabizwa ngokuba morphology lothelekiso, bakha njengoko isiyalo zebhayoloji ezizimeleyo ojongene imithetho jikelele zophuhliso kunye nesakhiwo amalungu ngokuthelekisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo embryogenesis. Iye yaba ngokusekelwe kubungqina imvelaphi yabantu kwezinye abameli zehlabathi isilwanyana. Anatomy kutyhilela amalungu ezifanayo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ngokuthi zahluke ubukhulu kunye nokumila. ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo ezinye okanye linge kuphuhliswa xa kuthelekiswa amalungu efanayo kwezinye iintlobo ziye nenala. amalungu ngokwaneleyo wabizwa ngokuba sekukubi (ukusuka rudimentum Latin -. "sokuqala kwisigaba, le rudiment"). Ke kwabonakala into engenamsebenzi sisendleleni eya yokutshabalala.

Rudiment - umzimba sabekwa ngexesha kuphuhliso osandul, kodwa ekugqibeleni wayeka ukuba nokuguquguquka. Xa uhlobo abadala kwixa elizayo, wahlala sikarhulumente ngokwaneleyo. izidumbu okanye iindawo zazo inokufumaneka phantse kuzo zonke uhlobo lweentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo. Ethelekiswa homologous nezakhiwo (ezifanayo) eziphilayo ezifanayo Sima ngokwaneleyo okanye abanazo ethile inxalenye ebalulekileyo.

Kukho imizimba ezifanayo kwaye emizimbeni yethu. Umzekelo, amazinyo ubulumko - le rudiment womntu. lo kwaye imibutho efana ijwabu wesithathu, okanye epicanthus, tailbone, isihlomelo cecum, indlebe izihlunu, ibangela ukuhamba kwazo, iinwele esiqwini, yesiqephu. Xa iyonke, umzimba womntu nakubalwa ngaphezulu kwama-100 Bona iintsalela kwezo ezithe nenkangeleko yinxalenye ehambelana iifom yamanyange.

Ubungqina uphuhliso yembali yehlabathi organic

lamalungu ngenxa naluphi na utshintsho kwimeko-bume engqongileyo ngokohlobo uhlobo ezithile zobomi ulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo ukuze ukhuseleke yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ayeke umsebenzi. Asimele silibale ukuba kuqhu- rhoqo ziyenzeka ukuba kwakhokelela ekuthotyweni ubungakanani kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, buthathaka imisebenzi yabo. Kwimeko apho ebalulekileyo ukuze ukhuseleke eziphilayo eve kwezo babeza basuswe.

Isakhiwo, leyo inkqubo nokuphelisa, zinxulumene njani ingqiqo ka "uphawu lwesiko". lo bokuhlala inkqubo zazivelela, nto leyo esekelwe yemfuza, utshintsho njengelifa abanye abantu. Xa izinto ezimalunga nophuhliso kancinane kwenkqubo correlations zolawulo (ubudlelwane) kukho iindawo kancinci coadaptation wenziwe. Kuthatha indawo umyalelo yokukhethwa zendalo ebaluleke ngakumbi ubudlelwane avumelanayo. Kuyinto lithathelwe yendalo ezifanayo ezisebenzayo kwi inguqu yendaleko nasiphi na imizimba umntu omnye okanye iqela, kwakunye njengabantu ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo le biocenosis.

Ngokufanayo, umzekelo ongeyona izakhiwo babantu ukukhonza isihlomelo (kwisihlomelo). Le caecum abaseleyo, kanye ukusebenza umzimba ezinkulu kule Azityi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Imisebenzi zayo icace ngokwaneleyo. ifayibha ukutya High ngenxa yesisu zabo kufuna ixesha elide, a izalelwe imfama imele indawo apho ezibandakanya yokuhlala microflora kuyo udlula inkqubo chu isityalo neselulosi eziswini. Ekuhambeni zazivelela, ookhokho bethu badla amanqatha ngaphantsi nomnikelo ngakumbi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuhla ngcembe kweli caecum. Yajika yaba rudiment, kodwa ngamampunge. indima yayo ukugcina amajoni omzimba womntu ebonakalayo ngokwaneleyo. IsiHlomelo ugcina iintyatyambo yokuqala ikholoni, njengoko ngesifukamisi E. coli. Abantu abane appendectomy emva kwezifo ezosulelayo kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi ukubuyela microflora eziqhelekileyo emathunjini. Kungenxa yoko le nto isihlomelo elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba uhlobo kwifama ngenxa ukufuya ezincinane luncedo. Kukho izityholo ukuba ukususwa isihlomelo kwandisa umngcipheko yamathumba yendalo amabi.

Zakuqala izilwanyana

Ngamanye izidalwa eziphilayo Kwakhona kuchazwa amagosa abaninzi abaphulukene umsebenzi wabo ngaphakathi imithetho zophuhliso yembali eziphilayo kwaye endleleni eya yokutshabalala. Oku, umzekelo, ibekwe Ebubanzini amathambo izihlunu esiswini kwi nerhamba kunye whales, eziyiyo nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo imilenze yangasemva. lamalungu izilwanyana ezihlala ebumnyameni, amehlo. I iintaka ukundiza ulithambo wing ongeyona. imizimba emininzi baye balahlekelwa intsingiselo yawo yokuqala, yaye izityalo. Ngoko ke, phezu rhizomes zingumsebenzi oyinyibiba bentili, ingca ingqolowa, omfisi kwafunyanwa izikali, ezo zakuqala yamagqabi. Le inflorescences umda, kanti ngaphantsi iglasi ekulula ukuyibona stamens isisu. In staminate iintyatyambo yemixoxozi intsalela kwisingqusho, ziyafumaneka kwi embindini tubercle - njenge rudiment. Aba bonke ubungqina enkulu kuphuhliso yembali yehlabathi ephilayo.

atavism

Iinzululwazi baye bakwazi abonakalisa iimpawu ezithile ezizodwa ezaye engqalene ookhokho babo ezikude, kodwa njengongekhoyo esikolweni abameli ekufutshane. kubonakaliswa kuthiwa atavism. Le mizekelo yoqobo zayo - a umhlehlo caudal, fistula umqala kugqame kakhulu Nentloko enesihlwitha yohambayo, ubukho ngababini ezongezelelweyo kwamadlala mammary, kunye nabanye. Ezi mpawu ziye elichithwe ngethuba yendaleko, bafumana njengokuba ngaphandle esinqabileyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zakuqala atavism yaye - ayikho amagama afanayo. Zakuqala zikhona kuzo zonke abantu kwezinto eziphilayo, babelana iimpawu ezithile. Atavism zifumaneka kuphela kwezinye amalungu yaye musa ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi. Bona, ngengozi, akukho mazingabhidaniswa makhwiniba zophuhliso, enemo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana iimbambo branched, iindevu zicandeke izihlambo, isenzeko abanye ezintandathu-Umbala kunye.

Bonke abafunyanwa zakuqala kunye atavism - umqondiso, ohambelana neqonga ethile yophuhliso komthi yendaleko. A ubungqina obucacileyo oku kukuba imizimba eziye awasebenzi eziphilayo zigcinwe ixesha elide, siya ukunciphisa ukuwa ngcembe yaye ngakumbi ngenxa yemfuza.

Eziphilayo mihla kwaye ngoku kujoliswe zophononongo zofuzo lwe eziphilileyo, kuquka abantu. Idatha kwi imvelaphi amalungu sekukubi kuya kunceda ekulungiseni enye imibuzo ethile nokucofa ngezinto gene zivuliwe okanye ivaliwe kuphuhliso kunye nokuncitshiswa amalungu sekukubi.

"Lamalungu" kubuchwepheshe

Ingcinga lwesiko hlamuseriwa tanihi into lokusinda zinyamalele kusetyenziswa ubugcisa. Njengoko phambili ubugcisa, kukho umzekelo esicacileyo kwemvelo. Kukho kwakhona ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo iindlela, oomatshini, okanye ezinye izixhobo ukuba baye balahlekelwa intsingiselo yazo kwi langoku inqanaba lophuhliso inkqubo ethile, kodwa gqolo ukugcina ukwenzela ukuhambelana nemigangatho ngaphambili. Imizekelo zakuqala technology computer zinika modem, i floppy drive disk. Sobunjineli ngomatshini "iziko vestigial" lo yokutshixa ucinezelo, -moya umzekelo olunjalo ulwalathiso njengevyufayinda oluzenzekelayo.