Routes ukudluliselwa anthrax. iindlela zokuthintela

Nangona izinga eliphezulu zophuhliso amayeza, nangoku unemisebenzi kwamagciwane ezinokubangela uphuhliso lwabantu kunye nezilwanyana kwezifo ezosulelayo. Uninzi lwabo efanele ngokugqibeleleyo kuthomalaliso, abanye kufuneka silwe ixesha elide. Siza kuthetha malunga enye yezi zifo - cinga indlela yokuphuhlisa anthrax. Iarhente causative, ukudluliselwa umendo, unyango esi sifo siya kuhlawulwa kamva kweli nqaku.

Yintoni isifo

Uthe nesifo eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ngokuba lonke eli xesha, watshintsha igama lakhe, kodwa eRashiya sele ifumene igama oko becala kusiwa kwimimandla eSiberia. Ngethamsanqa, ngoku amatyala sifo zinqabile kakhulu.

Udila transmission lendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunjalo kakhulu esibukhali kwaye iyingozi izifo ezosulelayo okubangelwe le anthracis silwanyana lesifo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo azinakho ukutyeshelwa, ekubeni isikhumba abosulelekileyo kuvela abengezelayo ezithile xa ifomu ulusu okanye ezinye iimpawu libizwe.

Ezibangela isifo

usulelo Provocateur i anaerobic facultative gram-HIV igciwane. Phantsi neemicroscope, ikhangeleka ngathi intonga kunye eziphelweni sinqunyulwe. Kwimeko-bume oxygen uqalisa sporulate.

Phathogenicity kuxhomekeke kubukho exciter kunye exotoxin yokuqaphela philisi. Yoluvo oluvelisa yibhaktheriya ekwaziyo umzimba zombini inyathelo yokukrala abantu kunye nezilwanyana yaye sizibhokoxe yingozi. Iziphumo umzimba ngokubanzi sibonisa:

• ijwabu nokudumba;
• iphula esiqwini respiration;
• inhibition of phagocyte.

iintlobo kwezityalo ka pathogen kakhulu oguquguqukayo kokusingqongileyo, phantse nangoko abulawe xa iphekiweyo okanye itshiswe phezu degrees 60. Kodwa ngomso malunga neli mpikiswano awukwazi wathi umzimba. Bona bagcine yokuthembeka kwazo emanzini kwaye emhlabeni iminyaka eliqela, nkqu imizuzu embalwa abilayo akuxhomekekanga anqunyulwe nobuchule babo nokuzala.

Le mbewu zomngundo akanako nje ukulinda iimeko ezingentle, kodwa ukukhula. Routes ukudluliselwa anthrax kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Esebenzisa umhlaba - omnye wabo. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo ekufuneka athathwe, ingakumbi ezo ndawo apho amatyala sifo ezirekhodiweyo.

Imithombo osulelo abantu

Udila luyasuka emntwini, njengokuba kuye bathi, ngeendlela ezininzi, yaye oku kuchaphazela obubonakala clinical. Phambi kokuba ube kunye nabo, makhe sijonge indlela umthombo usulelo angangena emzimbeni womntu.

Routes ukudluliselwa anthrax isenokuba iya kuba yile ilandelayo:

• uqhagamshelane-indlu;
• air-uthuli;
• ukutya.

Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Ukosuleleka usulelo ngokudibana nje,

Ekubeni tapeworm unesifo "anthrax" pathogen? indlela ukudluliswa ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu nje ezinye zazo. Kakhulu igciwane:

• ebino yezilwanyana ezigulayo;
• ukuba kukho ukudibana netuwa ukusuka kwizilwanyana ezisulelweyo;
• wadibana ngoboya, inyama nesikhumba kwezigulane kunye nabameli zehlabathi yezilwanyana;
• ngenxa adibane imizimba yezilwanyana;
• ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ngezinto uyosuleleka, ezifana esikhumbeni okanye iinwele.

Xa oku isango ukungena izifo amanxeba ezahlukeneyo apha esikhumbeni. Xa pathogen sele singene ngaphakathi, ngeli nesmarado indawo kuyilwa enxitywe maqampu ulwelo. Yesikhumba ngeenxa, xa kutyhobozela - kuchaphazela ngoko iimpembelelo yoluvo eyakhutshwa igciwane. Kuhlukumeza kwegazi, ebangela nokudumba kunye nokufa kwithishyu.

Lwegciwane kwaye iqala ukwanda ngokusebenzisa lymphatics lula ukungena kungena egazini, aze emva koko kwezinye iithishu kunye amalungu, ngaloo ndlela ebangela ukungaphumeleli kunye ukungasebenzi.

Ukungena losulelo air-uthuli ngu

Kodwa uxilongo "anthrax" pathogen zidlulele kubantu, kwaye emoyeni. Kulo mzekelo, isango ngenxa kwii zokugula phecana sokuphefumla. Impikiswano emva kokungenisa ithunyelwe emiphungeni. Liqala ukulwa amajoni omzimba ukulwa iintsholongwane, oko ekubashenxiseni ukuya kwiindawo nkovu, ogama msebenzi kukususa umzimba arhente zasemzini.

Kodwa Imbewu bacteria kwakhona kwi qwa nakwinkqubo emithanjeni ukubulala omzimba, uze ufake ngokukhululekileyo egazini. Kukho iqala inkqubo yokuzala yabo esebenzayo, ukuvelisa izinto eziyityhefu, okubangela umonakalo enzima wonke umzimba.

Ngokoqobo kwiintsuku ezisi-7 kwala magciwane wande ukuze iimpahla musa ukuma ukuya kwaye uqale ophela. ukopha ukuba iphazamise ukusebenza amalungu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ebulalayo.

Ukutya indlela usulelo

Siye sahlolisisa iindlela ezimbini yokosulela anthrax, kodwa kukho sesithathu - ukutya. Usuleleko kulo mzekelo kwenzeka xa besidla inyama lwezilwanyana ezisulelweyo emva kokuba unyango ubushushu embi. Gateway for kwii ka pathogen kulo mzekelo i inwebu kwiinwebu iphecana zesisu.

Emva sisifo enjalo amaninzi kwenzeka sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi cecal. isifo layo ligutyungelwe izilonda, uze emva koko uqalisa kubuna kude. Imbewu bacteria bathuthwayo zamanzi, kunye nokuphuhlisa bacteremia.

Ngcembe kwandisa isixa iintsholongwane kwinkqubo emithanjeni, kwaye ogulayo ascites kunye emathunjini.

Le ndlela losulelo ibandakanya kwezinye iimeko kuphuhliso leengxaki kwi oropharynx, ngoko umonakalo kunokubonwa ngokohlobo izilonda ulusu emnyango kwisebe.

Isifo

Njengoko sele sibonile, kakhulu sisifo esibi - anthrax. transmission lendlela ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngokuxhomekeke ekuphuhliseni iintlobo ezithile leengxaki:

1. Cutaneous. Kananjalo iintlobo:

• karbunkuleznuyu;
• edematous;
• bullous.

2. Ifomu Generalizovannnaya. Kulo mzekelo, kukho:

• iintlobo pulmonary;
• E .;
• izilonda.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, indlela ukudluliselwa anthrax kwaye amisele uhlobo esi sifo. Ngalinye ubonisa iimpawu zayo kunye neziphumo, khangela kubo.

izifo Cutaneous Iimpawu

Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba esi sifo unalo okuthatha elifutshane, zinokuhlala iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela. Kwaye akunamsebenzi leyo arhente causative anthrax, indlela ukudluliselwa ibangela. A iiveki ezimbini, esi sifo uqala ukubonisa iimpawu zayo.

Le fom cutaneous yeyona common kakhulu. Kwi sangaphandle, kuloo ndawo apho usuleleko liye langena, amiliswe ngaphakathi isibi a omise ezimbalwa ububanzi, obomvu ngebala. Emva komzuzwana kuba ubhedu-bomvu izongamele esikhumbeni. Ixhoba ngeli xesha lawuthuthumbisa ukurhawuzelela kunye imvakalelo kancinane otshisayo.

Emva ezimbalwa kweeyure ajike abe papule ukuba sitho imixholo serous, apho emva kwexesha elifutshane igazi ibanjiwe ukungcola. Ukuba ithumba combing, le Ungqabhuko sitho kwaye kukho isibetho uye waphakamisa beskrini. Ngokutsho kwabo kukho vesicles eziziisekondari.

Kuthatha eziliqela iiveki, kwaye embindini kwethumba ivela ukujaduka kuthe omnyama, ngokwenyusa kancinane ubukhulu. Oku abunjwe ngenxa yethishyu necrosis yaqala.

Inkalo ebalulekileyo esi sifo ilahleko koluvo kwi kwesikhoko ngeenxa abunjwe ababetheki ukudumba ebomvu. Kunye kwimida livela nokudumba, nto leyo ngokukodwa awasiwisayo iindawo izihlunu evakalala ongama, ezifana ebusweni. Hi ndlela leyi, kwasendaweni leengxaki phezu kobuso kakhulu yingozi, kuba ukudumba zingachaphazela iphecana yokuphefumla kwaye ibangele zizalwa kunye nokufa.

At ekuqaleni (kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na i-arhente causative anthrax, iindlela transmission) iimpawu ezi ezimbi zilandelayo:

1. iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni High.
2. yintloko ebuhlungu.
3. Ukunxila.
4. iba buhlungu umzimba, ingakumbi kummandla empontshwa.

Ngexesha sifo iqwalaselwe abengezelayo eziliqela, inani labo uyakwazi ukufikelela 10. Udila (route yokosulela na idlala indima) ingaba sandla zokumodareyitha kwaye kakhulu. Ukuba nezilonda kuvela entloko, entanyeni, umlomo, esi sifo kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kukho ingozi nokudumba.

Kodwa ngexesha predpolagate unyango isiphumo ngendlela cutaneous esi sifo yinto entle.

Symptomatology kwefom pulmonary

Siye sajonga iindlela ukosulelwa zizifo anthrax, kuquka nothuli emoyeni, apho eyichaza ngayo le fomu kwesi sifo. Emva uza kubanjelwa okuthatha, umntu bagcine imiqondiso imifuziselo a sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Kweli xesha lokuqala sifo ibonisa mpawu zilandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu;
• umkhuhlane jikelele;
• amehlo alilayo;
• ubuhlungu imisipha;
• ukukhohlela kunye nempumlo ezihambisayo;
• tachycardia;
• uphelelwa umoya.

Ubude wabona iimpawu ezinjalo ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-2, uze emva koko esi sifo ingena sesibili - iqala ukunxila ngamandla ephilayo, apho kuboniswa lobushushu olwandisiweyo degrees 40-41. Ubuhlungu esifubeni, kuthibaza, ukukhohlela, apho isuka isikhohlela ugalelwe igazi.

Ukuba ugqirha umamela kwisigulana, kunokuba ukutswina weva, nebala eninzi anozizi phezu emiphungeni.

Kwisigaba sesithathu zokuphuhlisa ukusilela sentliziyo, nokudumba yemiphunga nezengekho oliguria. ubude bayo - ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezili-12.

Kule fomu, unako kananjalo ukuba efanele unyango, xa uqala ngendlela ngexesha.

Kubonakaliswa Iifom isisu

Le ezininzi esi sifo kunzima kakhulu, kwaye kukho ingozi enkulu ukuba isiphelo aluphumelelanga. Anthrax, ngumendo ukudluliselwa esinokucinga, kule meko ingena nge iphecana emathunjini.

Isigaba sokuqala sifo linobude elincinane - ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezingama-36 kwaye ebonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu;
• nesiyezi;
• ubuhlungu emqaleni;
• Ukugodola;
• ubushushu.

Xa isigaba sokuqala indawo owesibini, ngoko ajoyine esinye iintlungu esiswini, ubucaphucaphu, ukugabha, ugalelwe ligazi, isisu esihambisayo. Ituwa nabo wachuba iindawo igazi.

Isigaba sesithathu yeyona iyingozi - i ukwanda decompensation intliziyo. Izigulane abanengxaki uloyiko, ixhala ibonakala. Umntu uzuza umbala oluhlaza-ezipinki. Ngamanye amaxesha le isikhumba ukopha angawokubhuda. Xa isisu sayo oqokelela fluid, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni esiswini.

inkqubo ezosulelayo kancane kancane kwaye izigulane zifumana ukuhlukunyezwa kukuginya, ukopha, ukuphefumla iingxaki, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Iimpawu ifomu yokubolisa

Olu hlobo esi sifo ingabi eziqhelekileyo kwaye aphuhlise ngenxa uhuhamba elinzima naziphi na ezinye iintlobo. Kuqala kwinto yokuba inegciwane anthrax nobumdaka zayo zenziwe ukuba lijikeleze egazini kuchaphazela izicwili ezahlukeneyo kunye namasebe. Impembelelo embi pathogen kunye neemveliso zayo pathways kungakhokelela kuphuhliso bothukile esosulelayo-ityhefu.

Izigulane nale fomu leengxaki ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ulwando lobushushu emzimbeni ukuya degrees 41.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukugodola.
• uphefumlele Ukwandiswa.
• Kukho iintlungu esifubeni.
• Ukukhohlela kunye phlegm kunye negazi.
• iintlungu esiswini.
• Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha igazi.
• ilindle ulwelo kunye wamagazi.

Ukuba ngaba uthathe amanyathelo engxamisekileyo, oko konke aphela ziinyembezi.

uphethwe sisifo

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, kuyimfuneko ukuya kwizigaba ezintathu:

1. iimviwo engabonakali.
2. Bodwa isiko iintsholongwane esinokuthi kwakhe koneshologu kwezondlo.
3. Bioassays kwizilwanyana elebhu.

Ukuba anthrax pathogen kukho usulelo umendo ukusuka umntu ukuba unesifo ayibalulekanga. Uvavanyo Igazi ukubonisa:

• Ukuncitshiswa leukocytes.
• Ukwandisa lymphocyte.
• Izinga neentlenge erythrocyte ukunyuka.

Ukuxilongwa uhlolisisa ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

• Blood.
• emeraldi Content kunye vesicles.
• Thatha uqweqwe ehlukanisiwe.
• Xa uhlobo pulmonary of isikhohlela axilongwe.
• Ukuba kukho urhano uhlobo isisu, ukuhlola ukuba ithe kunye ukumgabhisa.

Kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi serological diagnostic, ezi ziquka: indlela termopretsipitatsii ka Ascoli, uhlalutyo ezibengezelayo serological kunye nabanye. Izigulane ezisanda kukrokrelwa anthrax, chitha uvavanyo nezidlo cutaneous with "Antraksinom".

Kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba ngenxa yokuba Udila sisifo eziyingozi esosulelayo, zonke izifundo ziqhutywa kwiilebhu ezikhethekileyo ivaliwe.

therapy izifo

Siye sajonga iindlela yokosulela yothintelo anthrax kunye nonyango lwe kufuneka nazo zihlolwe. Masiqalise ngezakhi, equka ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Nokubandakanywa therapy. Xa oku kwenzeka izisombululo efakwa iimela, ezixhasa kwaye olupheleleyo umthamo iseli neencindi intracellular emzimbeni. Izisombululo ukuze kuphalala: colloidal ( "Poliglyukin"), crystalloid (umxube iswekile, isisombululo Iringa kaThixo), iimveliso zegazi ( "albumin" plasma yegazi)
2. Ukwamkela antimicrobials. Ukumisela amayeza, nto leyo igciwane ezibuthathaka, amaxesha amaninzi amachiza ukusuka kwiqela penicillins. Ukunganyamezelani "penicillin" libhekisela:

• "Tetracycline".
• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Levofloxacin".
• "Doxycycline".

• Ukuba isifo ihamba nzima, ngoko wasebenzisa steroids. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi iintlobo yokubolisa kwesi sifo.

3. Intshayelelo protivosibireyazvennogo immunoglobulin. Iqulethe izilwa-buhlungu esele zenziwe. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kudaleke omzimba ukuya gciwane. immunoglobulin alawulwa ngurhulumente okwazi ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango kunye nothintelo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango luza kunika iziphumo ezihle, ukuba ixesha loxilongo kunye nonyango ngokwaneleyo.

zokuthintela izifo

Siye sajonga iindlela yokosulela yothintelo anthrax kuya kunciphisa ingozi yosulelo. Oku kuquka la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ugonyo labantu abaye nengozi ephezulu yokosulelwa yi.
• Iinkonzo zonyango lwezilwanyana kufuneka uhlole rhoqo izilwanyana ubukho eli gciwane.
• Ukufeza ugonyo izilwanyana.
• Abasebenzi basezifama kufuneka zinikwe impahla ekhuselekileyo: iimaski, imiwundu, iiglavu.
• Ukuphunyezwa kolawulo zococeko kunye lwezilwanyana phezu ibithuthwa, ukugcinwa, ukwenziwa kweemveliso inyama.
• Ukufeza imfundo ngezempilo phakathi kwabantu.

Ukuba sicinga amanyathelo anti-ubhubhane eziphathelene:

1. Ukuchongwa ezosulelekileyo usaqala.
2. Ukubhaliswa zonke iimeko zesi sifo yaye ingxelo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo.
3. Ukuphunyezwa zothutho ekhethekileyo, oko ke kuxhomekeke kweentsholongwane.
4. esibhedlele kwangethuba izigulane bosulelekile.
5. Ndakhululwa esibhedlele isigulana kunokwenzeka kuphela emva recovery epheleleyo, xa iimvavanyo kunye nezifundo kuqinisekisa nokungabikho gciwane.
6. iziphathi ezisulelayo (izilwanyana inyama) kufuneka ibe phantsi kwintshabalalo.
7. Ayinakubhaqa sifo kwizilwanyana kunye angamvaleli kwibakala lokuqala.
8. Ngezidumbu zezilwanyana zizifo kufuneka nje bangcwabe kwaye zivutha.
9. Ukuba anthrax umntu esifa, isidumbu bakhe bujikelwe oilcloth, yaye emazantsi ibhokisi wathulula bleach.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba sifo ngoku ngokuya kunyamalala, iimeko zakhe izilwanyana zasekhaya nezasendle kuvandlakanywa ngamathuba athile, kwaye umntu ngamnye kufuneka ukuba yeyiphi indlela ukosuleleka anthrax kufuneka enze ezininzi ukuze bazikhusele ukususela ekusulelekeni. Ukuba baye benemfuyo, kufuneka kumema rhoqo bezilwanyana ngokuba ngokuthatha iimvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa isilwanyana. Oku kufuneka ukhuseleko lwakho.