Religion Wicca kunye umdali wayo. Wicca amasiko

Wicca - yenye nkolo entsha, leyo yasekwa phakathi kwinkulungwane XX eNgilani. Xa orientation yabo yokomoya kunye nezifundo zonqulo zibalwa phakathi abalandeli zeniyo-lobuhedeni ukuya imodeli Western eYurophu. Into yokuba unqulo enjalo Wicca, umahluko phakathi kwabalandeli zayo nendlela kwenziwa, eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Imvelaphi ye Wicca

Ukuthandwa le nkolo entsha eyafunyanwa ngowe-1954, enkosi umpostile yayo, occultist kunye wemi- Gerald Gardner. Ngokutsho legend, wathi kwelimiweyo, lwaqaliswa kungena iimfihlelo amalungu yamandulo zokufundisa zobuhedeni ezigcinwe ngokufihlakeleyo eYurophu ligqwirha nehlelo. Eli siko, ngokutsho Gardner, kuba kumnombo ngqo iinkolelo yaseYurophu langaphambi kobuKristu, ngokusekelwe unqulo amandla endalo, obumntwisiweyo ngomfanekiso Mother yothixokazi uYise uThixo. Ukusuka kwinqanaba ngenxa yembali, zakudala kunye kwamathambo la mabango oko kunokuba imibuzo, ngoko kuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba unqulo Wicca yasekwa ngaphambi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 leminyaka XX. Ngokwenene ibonisa ezinye iimpawu iinkolelo akudala matriarchal, kodwa indalo yayo, kunoko, ukuzama ukwenza ukwakha kwabo ngokutsha buso ilandelwa ngu kuyondelelaniswe esekelwe ingqiqo mihla zeniyo-ubuhedeni. Ngoko ke, le ngcamango yofuzo ngqo ayixhaswa yi nezesayensi kakhulu.

Kuyimfuneko ukwenza nangoko ukulungiswa phezu umbuzo owadala unqulo Wicca. Ekuqaleni, lo gama lithetha isithethe umdlali Gardner ogama uCharles Cardella, ngoxa imfundiso Gardnerian wabizwa nje "umlingo". Kodwa 60s Igama "amaWiccans" yaye kwathiwa loo nto ibangelwa abafundi Gardner, yaye kamva kuzo zonke ezinye ezifanayo kwaye zivela namasiko alo. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi namhlanje, phantsi egameni lonqulo, "Wicca" ithetha iintshukumo ezininzi zonqulo nemilingo ngaphezulu okanye ezifanayo ngaphantsi. Ngezantsi, asiyi kujongana yesazisi kunye neempawu ngamnye kubo, ngenxa yokuba amaninzi kubo, kwaye rhoqo ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha ithiyori Wiccan kunye practice. Plus, a amarhamente elungileyo nesiqingatha Wiccan kusetyenziswa iingxelo zabo eclectics, ngempumelelo idibanisa nje iimpawu vnutrivikkanskih ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle, kodwa idibanisa zona kunye nezinye iinkonzo, ukuze ihlabathi kukho-ekuthiwa zamaKristu, angamaYuda Muslim nokuba Wicca. Kunoko, siye sithethe malunga eziqhelekileyo zonqulo postulates, izimo zengqondo kunye neendawo ekudibaneni kulo mkhuba le abaxhasi amahlelo ezahlukeneyo Wiccan.

yenkolo

Isiseko esisiseko Wiccan zokomoya na postulation imigaqo ezimbini kaThixo - inkunzi nemazi, abo zimelwe ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo kunye yothixokazi. izithethe ezahlukeneyo baneembono ezahlukeneyo koko ezinye zezi ndima kuza phezu kwezinye. Abanye banqula yothixokazi kuphela, abanye ukuba ndingahlangani diteisticheskoy ngasentla unqulo indawo yothixokazi engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune uThixo. Abanye babhiyozela ukulingana, nangona umzimba wenyama yesine yokhetho eyindoda. Le yokugqibela, kunjalo, uhlobo ezinqabe kakhulu amaWiccans. Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba iinkolo oosolusapho yempahla kunye kukunqulwa ebaxiweyo ngobudoda ziyafana kakhulu yobuhedeni, kwaye izithethe monotheistic. Wicca inika enye i umendo, iphawulwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ubufazi etsala kwaye uyagxininisa phakathi fan zamahlelo matriarchal kunye ethile ngokomoya ngokuhambelana ukunqulwa Mother yothixokazi.

Ngoko amaWiccans ethe-ethe kakhulu kuyo yonke into ekhathaza iinkcubeko akudala ukuba banqula unina sikaThixo, nokuba uMama oMkhulu, uMama Earth, njalo njalo. E. Kamva kuphuhliswa yonk 'oothixo babahedeni, abalandeli Wicca bakholelwa iinkalo zokubonisa kuthixo yokuqala ezimbini. Ngokwalo mbono, zonke essences uthixokazi lobuhedeni bamanyene yothixokazi, nabo bonke oothixo - sokutya kaThixo.

Kwakhona isici, uvuselela emahlelweni ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali zembali zobuhedeni, amaWiccans ilobola yakhe emnye yothixokazi impahla, ngokufuthi zitolikwe ngokwemeko qela 'intombi, unina, crone. " Ngokucacileyo, le nto ibonisa ukuzalana phakathi ngemfano unina kaThixo kunye kwimijikelo kwenyanga. A umfanekiso efanayo ibonwa kwi lamaGrike-Roman, ezinye Eastern, iinkolelo Celtic.

UThixo yena, ahlobene sakhe uthixo elineempondwana le baseYurophu, ukuba umzingeli-uthixo Celtic kunye nezinye izizwe ukuba imiwe eYurophu ngexesha langaphambi kobuKristu. AmaWiccans (ubuncinane, akukho namnye abalandeli umKristu kunye, ngokubanzi, kakuhle, Abraham Wicca) inyanzelise ukuba bachonge uThixo monotheists kunye noThixo amaWiccans azamkeleki, ngokuba yiniyo-lobuhedeni unqulo Wicca uyakuqonda akukho bakwelona isithixo-onamandla onke kunye uMdali kwehlabathi. Le zingqubane ze immanence uthixokazi noThixo - yinxalenye yenkolo Wiccan. Ngoko ke, lo mainstream ubufundisi Wicca na pantheism, leyo postulates imigaqo ezimbini kaThixo, maxa wambi kubonwa ngendlela dualistic.

Nangona kunjalo, le mithombo Wiccan ungafumana ningalikhankanyi sithixo, emi phezu umahluko kaThixo-yothixokazi. Ukuziqhelisa, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, lifumene ingqwalasela encinane. Kodwa, kwakubekwe, wenza bayavuma inkolo Wicca. umdali wayo, Gerald Gardner, wathetha oku kwenziwa, besithi igama lakhe uhlala engaziwa, kwaye ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye oothixo. Abanye babembiza Draytenom ( "UThixo" ukusuka IsiNgesi eNdala) okanye lowo. Noko ke, intshukumo olukhulu matriarchal amaWiccans (Dianic kunye nabanye) ayiphikisani nobukho kwalo mgaqo ephakamileyo, besithi ingundoqo zonke abhijelwe oyintsobi yalowo Mother yothixokazi.

kokufa

Nantsi oko kuyinyaniso malunga Wicca unqulo kuzo zonke iintshukumo zalo, ngoko ke konke oko bathi metempsychosis, oko kukuthi, ekufuduselweni wemiphefumlo. Ngokukodwa, Kakade ke, amaWiccans ingahluka ngayo iimbono zabo, kodwa yonke ngokutsha - yinxalenye yokholo lwabo. Ngokutsho kwithiyori kakhulu ethandwa, umphefumlo womntu emva kokufa na ekuthiwa ilizwe kwehlobo ongunaphakade, ukulungiselela umzimba wenyama elandelayo. Ngokungafaniyo iinkonzo Abraham, amaWiccans musa ukufuna nasiphi na, ubukumkani bamazulu okanye eparadesi. Yaye ngokungafaniyo umthambo dharmic, musa ukuzama ukubaleka ukusuka samsara yaye akufuni ukuba ukuphazamisa umqokozo wokuzalwa ukuze badibane nabanye Absolute. Ngale ndlela, unqulo Wicca - yinto unqulo yendalo ubomi ngenene kunene, kanzulu ngokupheleleyo kweli hlabathi nokufumana kuyo ngeyona. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa amalungu ale mfundiso musani ukubonisa nayiphi na inzala ethile ukuya kwenye kwihlabathi. Kakade ke, amaWiccans amaninzi alwa nemimoya, kodwa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, asingabo bonke abasemagunyeni Wiccan akuvumele, yaye okwesibini, oko kwenziwa kuphela imilingo, kunokuba umongo soteriological.

magic Wicca

Inkolo, sithetha - ayikho nje imfundiso yokomoya. Oku kubandakanya umsebenzi olunzulu zobugqi, ngokubhekisele magic imikhosi yenkolo, kukho uhlobo ukukhonza uThixo kunye yothixokazi. Ngoko ke, oko kulungile ukuphikisana ukuba yinto unqulo abathakathi. Wicca, enyanisweni, kuthetha ngentetho Old IsiNgesi malunga namhlanje ukuthini igama elithi 'bathakathiwe'.

Kakade ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba benza umlingo, ukuba unalo ilungelo lokuqwalasela ngokwakhe a Wiccan. Simply yahlula nezimaphambili ezingundoqo imfundiso le nkolo, Zandifumbela indlela yazo yokubonakalisa intlonelo uThixo yothixokazi ngomthandazo kunye izithethe zakho. Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, ezi iiyunithi uye kuyo, kuba inxalenye enkulu yale inkolo ngaphandle Umxholo magic oluphantsi kakhulu: Akukho enqula okanye iindawo ezingcwele, akukho sibhalo, akukho abefundisi, akukho isidlo. Kunjalo kukho iiholide ezibhiyozelwa ngabantu bonke amaWiccans, kodwa kwakhona, oku kukodwa akwanelanga kukuphila obanelisayo ubomi bokomoya. Ngaphezu koko, inkoliso izithethe zehlobo kuthathwa isiphumo zobugqi, kwaye coven (yoluntu), okungagqibekanga noluntu yokwenza ligqwirha. Ngoko unqulo Wicca phantse lonke uhamba kunye izenzo zobugqi, yaye abalandeli bayo ingqalelo ngokunyanisekileyo ngokwabo ngamagqwirha kunye warlocks.

amasiko

emhlabeni wonke amasiko Wiccan ayisekho - coven nganye Wiccan Wiccan okanye wenze amasiko zabo ezisekelwe akuthandayo, zengqondo ozikhethayo. Inye kuphela uthi kukuba ku enxulumene kumsitho ethile Wiccan. Okokuqala, ukuba yokuPhumla Esbats, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Okwesibini, umkhuba lokwaluka okanye self-bazahlulele namasiko. Kule covens obona ubambe inkqubo lokwaluka zontathu. Okwesithathu, kukho amasiko kunye vikkaninga hendfastinga. Eyokuqala kubo kumsitho apho usana ukumela uThixo yothixokazi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko umntwana. Vikkaning yokuqalisa ayilo unqulo, yaye ngenxa yoko akukho ubhaptizo efanayo ubuKristu. Hendfasting - sisithethe Wiccan umtshato. Yiloo zonke kukho kukuthi ngale, kuba iingcaciso ezithile ngamnye izithethe Wiccan ziyimfihlo, sithemba kuphela incwadi yabo of izithunzi - ingqokelela bengamagqwirha, imisitho, kunye nolwazi efanayo.

Main izithethe ubugqwirha Wicca kuba iingcambu zawo kwizithethe yamandulo kumjikelo yezolimo. Xa kukho imicimbi imilingo yabucala ngakumbi isekelwe phezu iingcinga Nobugqwirha European: iinkalo ezine, aphethe leyo gqwirha okanye wizard avelise utshintsho ezinqwenelekayo ehlabathini. Oku eyahlula magic asentshona nasemantla zivela empumalanga, apho benza umlingo yabangela kuphela kuye umoya ekunene, engasebenzisi wonke umsebenzi. Noko ke, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, unqulo Wicca kaninzi iba uphawu eclectic xa ebusweni abalandeli bakhe, abo ngenkuthalo ukuhlola nezithethe ezahlukeneyo, kuquka Afrika, Australia, amaNdiya, Tibetan kunye nezenzo shamanic. Ngokwesiseko isiseko wonke umsebenzi zobugqi kule nkqubo ke postulate eziqalelo ezine, eyaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi ezakudala (umlilo, umhlaba, amanzi, umoya) kunye nomoya. Iziqalelo ungalawuleka ukuzimisela, ibangela utshintsho zinqwenelekayo kwinqanaba emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Nguwo lo ngomlingo. Wicca ambiguously ibhekisa ngomlingo umahluko ibe abamnyama nabamhlophe, nangona ngaphambili eli candelo olugcinwe yi ngabasemagunyeni ezininzi intshukumo. Alwamkelekanga mgexesha yena isibaluli ububi emnyama. Kodwa ke ububi, amaWiccans nabangekafumani basebenza ingqiqo ngaphezulu okanye stroke ngaphantsi. Noko ke, kufuneka imilinganiselo yabo yokuziphatha, eya kuchazwe ngezantsi.

zokuziphatha

Wicca, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, akukho, imibhalo engcwele ephefumlelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ngaphezulu okanye ohloniphekileyo ngaphantsi ukuba abalandeli iitekisi bayo, kukho phakathi apho nayo umthetho olula kodwa silandeleke: "Ukuba izenzo zakho musa ukuba umonakalo nabani na, uze wenze into ofuna." Le isilogeni lusebenza njengesikhokelo ebomini, esiza kusetyenziswa yonke emagqirheni. Wicca uswele, Noko ke, iimfundiso ngokucacileyo ngubani yaye yintoni ifakiwe kwesazinge "mntu". Ngaba uquke bone abantu okanye izilwanyana, kuquka izinambuzane? Isityalo? Okanye nendlela yokumelana nalencoko Wiccan wabiza ukuya emfazweni? Nokuba lo myalelo isusiwe xa kuyimfuneko self-yokuzikhusela? Kwaye ingaba kukho zivumelekile? Ukuze le mibuzo akukho impendulo enye. Kodwa ke kukho enye itekisi ezithandwa kakhulu, ngokuba yomnqophiso yothixokazi. Ibhalwe ngu uDoreen Valiente, kwaye ujongene kunye iimpawu asibhozo, leyo kufuneka afune ukuba igqwirha: uvuyo, imbeko, intlonelo, ubuntu, amandla, ubuhle, amandla kunye novelwano.

A ethandwa kakhulu Wiccan umgaqo wesithathu yokuziphatha ekuthiwa-mthetho lwempindezelo triple, njengako kuyo yonke loo mntu ubungayi kuyenza, uya kubuyela treble. Ngenxa yoko, izenzo Wiccan abantu ayixhomekekanga imithetho oothixo, kunye nento yokuba ubuKristu ubizwa ngokuba nguMthetho Omkhulu: ". Musa ukuyenza kwabanye izinto awufuni ukuba nomfanekiso"

abaziphethe kakubi

Ngokumalunga nezesini amaWiccans ngqo ayikho puritanical, postulating inkululeko (udibaniso, Noko ke, imbopheleleko) mntu kulo mbandela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, amanye amaWiccans ukuziqhelisa magic ngokwesondo, nto leyo edla ibandakanya amasiko qela. Wicca ambiguously ibhekisa umba ubufanasini. Babebambelele, emva kokuba umseki, Gerald Gardner, ningabaleli kakubi, ekhala ukuba nobuhlobo obunjalo isithixokazi ngumsindo. Kwelinye icala, inkoliso amaWiccans aba kakhulu ukumelana abantu besini esinye kwaye ayibeki kwi amaWiccans phakathi kwabo akukho zithintelo ngokwesini. Ezinye nemisinga ezilwela ka Wicca, umzekelo, ngokwemveli ipesenti ephezulu abathandana nabanye.

imifuziselo

AmaWiccans baye basebenzisa imiqondiso emininzi yamandulo beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kukho iimpawu kakhulu ngazo nento, ukuba bathi, ukuba ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ilitye Wiccan. Okokuqala - olu Pentagram ngqo kuthetha ukuvisisana izinto phantsi kwesikhokelo moya. Okwesibini - luphawu kwenyanga, okuboniswe ngulo yothixokazi. Wicca usebenzisa oku njengento standard Greek. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, okuboniswe oothixokazi Greek kwenyanga. Kukwabonisa uMama Omkhulu Wicca. Amafoto lo mqondiso sele inikwe apha ngezantsi.

Holidays

Wicca akunakucingelwa ngaphandle yemveli iiholide zayo ezisibhozo. Bonke babe ngemvelaphi pre-lamaKristu yamandulo kwaye swi onyaka ukutshintsha njengoko zinxulumene umsebenzi wokulima. Ikhalenda kwemihla ekubhekiselwe kuzo Wicca ivili konyaka.

Ezine kwezi ziganeko ezisibhozo zithathwa ezinkulu. Bona efanayo kwimibhiyozo bamandulo, bamele ukutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka. Enye abane - a kulingane kunye nobusuku evuthulukileyo, ngenjikalanga kunye nobusika nehlobo. Zonke ezisibhozo ngokuba Sabbat. Nazi ke: Samhain, weKrismesi, Imbolc, Ostara, Beltane, Litha, Lammas kunye Mabon.

Kukho ukongeza nangoku ke ingqikelelo "Esbats". Laba amaxesha inyanga nenyanga entsha, nto leyo iye yaqwalasela ukuba kubakho ixesha elikhethekileyo iholide.

Wicca inkolo eRussia

Kwilizwe yonke lethu yaziwa, oko kuza kulibaziseka. Ke ukuba uphawu US Wiccan Kongezelelwa kuluhlu esemthethweni iicawa kwimifuziselo ngo-1985, eRashiya Wicca nje luyaqala ukuphuhlisa. Ngoko ke, lo coven lokuqala wabonakala kuphela ngo-2011 Udmurtia. Noko ke, yaba ubhaliso lokuqala ezisemthethweni zoluntu Wiccan. Amalungu ke, Kakade ke, baba ngaphambili, kodwa ke ambalwa kakhulu. Namhlanje, ngenxa kwi Internet kunye iindlela kwenkcubeko, Wicca eRashiya likhula ngokukhawuleza, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ulutsha. Okwangoku, kukho amaWiccans Union of Russia, kukho nabanye eMoscow kunye neqela St. Petersburg. Elikhulayo ngokukhawuleza inani covens, nkqu nangaphezulu - inani leengcali eyodwa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto phakathi kwabo sele sibonile nobanda kunye ukulwa ngemiba eyahlukeneyo, nto leyo emele impembelelo ebalulekileyo kunye nesihlobo ngabameli emininzi Wicca eRashiya.