Pyrus communis: kokutyala, inkathalo, izitshabalalisi kunye nolawulo lwawo

Egadini ezinqabileyo akafumaneki kwe - Luxury umthi iziqhamo nesithsaba onabileyo, namahlamvu zokuhombisa kunye neziqhamo ezimnandi ukuba kugqalwa uhlobo ufuzisela ukuchuma kunye nentlalo-ntle. Eyandulela, hayi kanye mandithi, isiseko unina imihlanganisela ezininzi banxibe Manor waba Pyrus communis, okanye yasendle. Le ilungu losapho ezibomvana, isasazwe kwindalo kwiindawo enkulu eMpuma Yurophu ukuya entshona kwilizwekazi Asian, isityalo ukwazi kakhulu. Kunye neempawu zayo ezikhethwayo kungenisa le ncwadi.

ulwazi zembali

Hlakulela kwe uqalwa amaGrike amandulo. Ivela yoBukhosi baseByzantium, le mithi iziqhamo kweli lizwe Russian. Kuqala ke kuhlolwa lendela bakuqala ukwanda yalusele emyezweni weemonki. Xa amafa yasebukhosini yokuqala Romanov yaka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich lande iintlobo 16 imithi pere, kwaye xa wenguquko Petros Omkhulu eRashiya inani labo liye landa kakhulu, njengoko nyaka ngamnye, emazweni Western wakha iintlobo entsha iziqhamo. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwama 5,000 neentlobo amapere, ezahlukeneyo imilo kunye nobukhulu imithi, incasa, umbala kunye nexesha neziqhamo emuncu, ikhule kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

incazelo

Pyrus communis - umthi wesiqhamo (ityholwana ngamanye amaxesha ezinkulu), ethe zava yokukhula ku-20 m ubude. Ubukhulu be buti kwenkcubeko lwemizekelo ezinkulu maxa wambi ufikelela 40-50 cm eliphakathi Young features a compact, nesithsaba pyramidal, ngaphezulu ubudala-imithi -. Round, shirokotsilindricheskoy okanye ekusasazeni. Samobesplodna inkcubeko, t. E. Kuba ukubunjwa iziqhamo kuyimfuneko ukuba kubekho iintlobo ezimbini cross-sukube. Kwindawo ziingcathu, umzekelo, iindawo iintlobo ezithandwayo Sibiryachka ezikufutshane, umzukulwana, wayibhinqa.

Elinemveliso uhlala Pyrus communis ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya 200. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ayasiqinisekisa eso sityalo emiselwe imiqathango ukukhula kunye varietal neempawu.

umthi ingakumbi ezintle ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, xa iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ucishe ube bomvu ukuba eqokelelwa inflorescences corymbose, wayifulela amasebe zezityalo obukhulu kangangokuba bona oko ayibonakali kwaye kunzima esindileyo amagqabi abaselula lwamaJuda. Ngokuqhelekileyo eneentyatyambo kwenzeka phambi kokuba ngokupheleleyo namahlamvu liqhuma ekupheleni kuka April okanye ekuqaleni Meyi. Flowers ne yamaqanda ephantsi oluphahlwe stamens ezininzi.

Ishiya amapere, ngeenxa okanye elimbhoxo kunye incam etsolo udini wona aqoqiwe - ecwebezelayo, exineneyo agudileyo. Yavelisa amagqabi ushiya pubescent exineneyo, aqolileyo - ze, eluhlaza azinamanzi ngasentla kwaye ukukhanya ngezantsi matte. yasekwindla of pere, ukufumana omthubi-orange ngebala, zokuhombisa kakhulu yaye kudala esiwa iigadi ubuthongo ukuhombisa.

isithelo

Crop ukrwala ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba. Yeziqhamo - achene emibhaka-ezimilise, imilo classic elimbhoxo okanye angqukuva. Ipete ezilulwalwa uhlangane ukubandakanywa amapere azalwa zimnandi. Umbala leziqhamo ohlukahlukeneyo luhlaza natyheli ukuya opinki-ebomvu. I-buciko ezahlukeneyo, badla azakubalulwa a astringency gqitha. weziqhamo elimnandi unika begadi eliphakathi yellow - inani zheltoplodnyh esiXhoseni. Ulinywa kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zezityalo ukuvelisa iikhemikhali Ukwakhiwa ezahlukeneyo kunye ukubonakala iziqhamo, kodwa ziluncedo yaye zizityebi izinto umkhondo kubalulekile, iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo adala incasa elikhethekileyo obuqinisekileyo, uphawu uhlobo oluthile.

Pyrus communis iziqhamo buqala yobudala engama-5-8. Sesivuno umthi ngamnye ufikelela kg-30 ukuya 500. Isivuno eliphezulu kwenzeka ngamaxesha kwiminyaka 1-2.

amayeza kweziqhamo

Ingaba i imveliso egqwesileyo ukungondleki, amapere eziliqela iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu. ukusebenzisa kwabo fresh ukulawula bunjani inkqubo yokucola ukutya, emibhaka iintlobo baye abaninzi antifebrific, iintlungu, umchamo nesiphumo okubambelela. Oku kubola enkulu yendalo. iziqhamo, kwakunye nowezonkana ezisicaba ezingenagwele, amaxhwele Siyaleza kuxinezeleko iimpawu zezifo pulmonary - ukusuka bronchitis kunye nenyumoniya beneempawu zesifo sephepha. Kwakhona sebenzisa Nangu iziqhamo ekrwada - izinto ezininzi zexabiso ekrwada ukutya, iziqholo kunye noshishino distillery.

Ukutyala izityalo: Ukukhetha site

Ukukhulisa nenkcubeko amasimi, amahlathi avuthulukayo imithi zodwa okanye iziqithi ezincinane. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, izityalo zityalwa emiyezweni ekhaya, windbreak, kunye zikaloliwe emendweni.

pere Ordinary, okanye zasendle - umthi photophilous. Ngoko ke, ukuqinisekisa intuthuzelo yakhe kunye nophuhliso ubuninzi fruiting bakhetha indawo evulekileyo enelanga kwimihlaba ukukhanya-ngovo otyebileyo. Kuba izityalo zomhlaba efanelekileyo emnyama, izimvi ihlathi obambe kwiindawo ngaphandle bemi komhlaba. Xa eliphakathi kwe zasendle idla luhlala ezindulini okanye kumathambeka, zahluke kwamanzi.

Wild pere moistureloving, imbalela kunye iqabaka ukumelana, kodwa ubushushu kakhulu kwaye zingonakalisa spring kuneqabaka inxalenye yayisel 'ityatyambile. Ukuze uphephe oku, libe ziindawo zokutyala umthi kufuneka ukhuselwe mimoya ngasentla.

ukunakekela

Kwe sidingo kukhathalelo njengesiqhelo, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko njengeceba oluphakathi ezenza ukuthenwa, nokuhlakula kwaye bezikhulule umhlaba ku imithi ukukhanya, kunye yokuvundisa ngexesha, ushukumisa uphuhliso evumelanayo imithi yeziqhamo. Kufuneka kube nokhuselo yeembandezelo ezahlukeneyo.

zezinambuzane eliphakathi

Zingaphi imithi yeziqhamo, emibhaka ezahlukahlukeneyo izinambuzane. Kwezinambuzane, apile atyatyambe inani ngokokuma kwento, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo midges, kungonakalisi nundu, sawflies, amabhungane ixolo kunye iintwala - oku uluhlu engaphelelanga zezinambuzane ingasenza kakhulu impilo emthini. zezinambuzane pere, ezifana ezinqunquthayo, amabhabhathane Aporia Crataegi, ukwenza indlela yabo ithupha, badle kude amagqabi neentyantyambo. Ngu amabhabhathane yee-zasehlotyeni babeke amaqanda abo kumacala aphezulu amagqabi, le imibungu bayakwazi azibulale kwabonakala kubo, eshiya ngemithambo kuphela. Kukuwa Aporia Crataegi walungiselela ukuba ebusika, ngokuyambathisa kwamagqabi.

Yingozi kanye butterfly-nanundu. Imibungu zabo zidla uhamba ngamasebe, leyo kamva yome. Bona batya Ipete iziqhamo. Kukho iindidi ngeendidi izinambuzane ezincinane ukuba ayibonakali ngeliso, kodwa akukho yingozi ngaphantsi :. Pear tick, gazi mbobo, njl Isakhono ukwanda, kunye nokungabikho amanyathelo yomali buthathaka isityalo kunye nokwehlisa izivuno. Ngamanye amazwi, le ulwe nabo kufuneka wenziwe rhoqo njengoko ngomthi ungakhuselekanga nga ayafa.

Izigaba Control Pest

Indlela eziluncedo yokulwa wobubi qonda kwe spring wokutshiza izisombululo imithi yeziqhamo zinambuzane. Okokuqala processing "Oleokupritom" okanye "Nitrafenom" ikhutshwa phandle phambi lekhefu zinamaqhina uqale Sap dutywa kuqulunqo ukuya xi kucetyiswa ukuba ukuvula.

Phambi kweentyatyambo, processing of mali ezifana kwakhona njenge "elwayo", "Zolon", "Malathion", "Neksion" okanye "metaphos".

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, zoomatshini ukususa amagqabi ezijijekileyo izinambuzane zibonakale rhoqo ukususa umhlaba kwi imithi, ukuvimbela kwesoyi. Emva kokuvuna amagqabi yihakinto ecocekileyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, liphathwe kunye nesisombululo ngumthi na izinambuzane okanye umxube naseBordeaux.

La manyathelo aya kunceda ukuthintela ukunwenwa izinambuzane kunye zezityalo ukudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kuphuhliso.