Pipe (isixhobo somculo): iifomu, iifoto

Musical isixhobo umoya ixilongo - izixhobo ummeli ukuze zenze isandi Alto-nezendlela rejista. Phakathi izixhobo ezifanayo ukuba unalo isandi liphezulu. Pipe kusetyenziswa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, xa owawusetyenziswa umqondiso. Iokhestra laya kuba malunga kwenkulungwane ye-17. Yakuba indlela kokusungulwa izivingco, inqawe udlala indima isixhobo ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo ukuze yenze umculo weklasiki. Le ngamazwi eqaqambileyo, ezikrelekrele. Isixhobo zingasetyenziswa njenge umculo oyedwa kwi umoya symphony okhestra, jazz kunye neendidi efanayo.

indaba

Esi sixhobo yenye yezona yamandulo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala zezi zixhobo kwavela ithuba malunga 3600 iminyaka BC. Iimpucuko ezininzi baye basebenzisa umbhobho - kwanamaYiputa yaMandulo kunye China Bamandulo yaMandulo Greece kunye nezinye iinkcubeko basebenzisa imfano imibhobho njengoko zokubonisa izixhobo. Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ngayo indima ephambili yale njengeyabo.

KumaXesha Aphakathi njengenxalenye majoni ukuba ngamaxilongo abo bakwazi ukudlulisa isandi ukuya kwezinye iindawo komyalelo, sise kude kakhulu enye kwenye. Ngaloo mihla, umbhobho (isixhobo somculo), nangona eyenziwa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yayo, kodwa umdlalo Yayibubuchule elite kuyo. Siye wafundisa lo buchule kuphela ngabantu ekhethekileyo. Bazola, non-yomkhosi amaxesha ngamaxilongo nxaxheba mandatory lwetheko, jousting. Kwizixeko ezikhulu kwakukho maxilongo inqaba ezizodwa, ukwazisa ukubonakalisa ukufika abantu ezinkulu, ukutshintsha ixesha losuku, lohlaselo eentloko ezaxhobela yotshaba, okanye malunga neminye imicimbi ebalulekileyo.

Nje phambi kokuqala kwekhefu Renaissance, ubugcisa obutsha zenze kube lula ukuvelisa ugqibeleleyo somculo isixhobo umoya. Umbhobho yaba nenxaxheba i okhestra. Ukongeza, i-maxilongo zibe virtuoso kakhulu ngakumbi, bafunda ubugcisa ICLARÍN. Eli gama libhekisela usulelo izandi diatonic usebenzisa pereduvaniya. era yobuciko kungaba lula njenge i "age yegolide neetyhubhu ze zendalo". Ekubeni ngokuya zakudala ubudala yothando, ukubeka isiseko lonke uncuthu lwengoma, ixilongo zendalo amana kungena imvelaphi njengoko ekungakwazini ukudlala imigca emnandi. Kwaye kuphela ukuba ukubulawa manqanaba ephambili isikali ezisetyenziswa okhestra logwali.

pipe lwangoku

isixhobo somculo zafunyanwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, indlela leli vana, ekuqaleni akazange abe udumo kakuhle yayibafanele. Isizathu kukuba uninzi isandi lalingekafiki imvakalozwi ecacileyo kwaye abazange babe ilizwi elifanayo. Ngokukhulayo, ukugqithiselwa lelingaphezulu amazwi baqalisa ndibuvelela lesigodlo njengoko ilizwi lakhe Athambile kakhulu, kwaye iimpawu zobugcisa ogqibeleleyo. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, xa ityhubhu waye waphucuka uyilo, lesigodlo kwafuneka ukuba ahambe band. Ekugqibeleni ityhubhu yakwazi ukubonisa zonke izandi ezifunekayo kwindawo orchestra izixhobo umoya. Okwangoku, le iqela ngaphambili ayidalwanga ngenxa namakhenkcekhenkce, yenza ipipi. isixhobo somculo, ifoto yayo iqhotyoshelwe kule nqaku, ngokupheleleyo nako ukudlala isikali, ngenxa indlela eziphambili.

Namhlanje isixhobo lisetyenziswa amaqela intsebenzo yomculo neentlobo ska, jazz, funk, kwakunye umculo oyedwa.

Isakhiwo kumbhobho

Yobhedu nobhedu - izinto apho amaninzi wenza umbhobho. isixhobo somculo ezenziwe ngesiliva okanye ezinye iintsimbi zingafunyanwa phi alufane. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo ngayo kokusungulwa indlela woveliso ukusuka kuxwebhu elinye ngentsimbi.

ifomu umdla eli isixhobo somculo. Tube njengoko ubizwa ngokuba ngenxa ukwakheka kwalo, apho ezigoso ngokwenene wadala kuphela compactness - yinto nje elide. Ngelo ingundaba unalo Taper kancinane kwi intsimbi - ukwanda. Eyona Ubude ityhubhu semilo zezindlu. Yiyo le fomu kunegalelo njengokukhazimla yesandi. Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukubala ngokuchanekileyo kuphela ubude kodwa ulwandiso socket echanekileyo - oku kubangela isixhobo yokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, eli uhlala efanayo: isixhobo somculo - ityhubhu elide kuphela.

umdlalo

Umgaqo umdlalo - ukufumana taxi harmonic ngokutshintsha indawo imilebe kunye nobude umhlathi umoya, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngokusebenzisa indlela nesivalo. Sebenzisa amasango amathathu, eyenza kube lula ukuba sehlise okanye isiqingatha semitone ukwehlisa umthamo. Ukuqhubeka valve eziliqela ngaxeshanye yenza umsebenzi ephantsi isixhobo ukuya iithowuni ezintathu. Kungenxa ngale ndlela ezipaselwe isikali chromatic.

Kukho iintlobo apho kukho isivingco yesine, nto leyo yokusebenza semitones ezintlanu asezantsi.

izixhobo umdlalo

Nge obuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukushukumiseka ityhubhu uzalisekisa ngokugqibeleleyo izicatshulwa diatonic, arpeggios kunye nezinto. Ukuphefumla kuyaphela ngokonga, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba aphumeze ibinzana ezihamba imigama kunye nethoni eliqaqambileyo.

Ivelufa zingaba phandle ngokugqibeleleyo izixhobo zale mihla.

uhlobo

Uhlobo kakhulu ithandwa - ngesigodlo isakhiwo B-tyaba, nto leyo ikhalise ithowuni ngaphantsi abonisa yeenowuthsi, ezibhaliweyo kuyo. Okwangoku yeengcaciswana ebhalwe ilizwi ezincinane E ilizwi wesithathu, kodwa eneneni kunjalo licatshulwa isixhobo kunye izandi eziphezulu. uyilo Umbhobho yanamhlanje yenza ukuba enze zonke ithoni kuyimfuneko, kunqabile ukuba umbhobho owuthandayo American yokwakha ukuya.

Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezintathu imibhobho, omnye ethandwa kakhulu ngaphambili.

Alto ixilongo - isixhobo somculo, eyenzelwe ukuba ixilongo amanqaku ngezantsi ebhaliweyo phantse ilitha. Esi sixhobo kuyimfuneko ekudluliseni izandi nizkoregistrovyh (umzekelo - Rachmaninov xa Symphony lwesiThathu). Noko ke, ngoku umbhobho isetyenziswa kunqabile, amaxesha amaninzi indawo yayo flugelhorn.

Bass ixilongo - isixhobo somculo, ifoto apho kulula ukufumana nakwesiphi na isikolo umculo, izandi ngezantsi imibhobho yesiqhelo wenowuthi nganye. Kulo mzekelo, i Nona elikhulu ngezantsi kumanqaku ecetywayo. It eyasetyenziswa de kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ke kaloku indawo ngempumelelo lwexilono - ezifana kubume, irejista kunye ubume.

Piccolo ixilongo. Ezakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19, kodwa ngoku lufumana igagasi elitsha midlalo kubulelwe umdla kumculo ekuqaleni. Faka kwi indlela B-tyaba, ngelilixa dieznyh nowuthsi zinakho ngokutsha wazibeka ukusebenza phakathi. Kuye valve ezine endaweni emithathu, njengoko umbhobho omkhulu. A isixhobo somculo isetyenziswa kunye ngenyoka encinane, kodwa ichaphazela ukuhamba lobuchule kunye besandi.

repertory

Nangona umbhobho zale mihla ezinokwenza kwenza ngaphandle imigca komlinganiselo emnandi, akuba kutshanje ebhaliweyo inani elikhulu imisebenzi solo, ayayilwa ezi zixhobo. Namhlanje ke ukuzenza (piccolo) Umbhobho encinane. Kuba ixilongo wabhala ezininzi abaqambi adumileyo: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, uBeethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, kunye nabanye abaninzi, hayi ubuncinane abaqambi enkulu.