Physiology - ntoni na? History ne zomzimba esisiseko

Phakathi amasebe eziphilayo kunye namayeza ojongene isifundo lomzimba womntu, singene indawo zomzimba ekhethekileyo. Yintoni inkqubo komzimba, apho imigaqo esebenza kwaye linoxanduva ngoko - izazinzulu abadumileyo le mibuzo aphandwe: I. P. Pavlovym, P. K. Anohinym, I. M. Sechenovym. Xa umsebenzi wethu, sicinga izigaba zophuhliso kunye nokusekwa kwe zomzimba. Okulandelayo, jonga iinkalo ukufunda iinkqubo pathways umzimba womntu nje kuphela, kodwa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Kwakhona ukunika imizekelo ukuxhasa ukubaluleka eluncedo emalunga nenzululwazi iinkqubo nemisebenzi amalungu kunye izihlunu zomzimba womntu yophuhliso amayeza kunye nolondolozo lwempilo.

History of zomzimba

Omnye abaphandi kuqala ku dyondza iimpawu ngokutshintshiselana izinto zabantu, Waba ngunozala amayeza - noHippocrates. ugqirha IsiNgesi Harvey, owayephila ngenkulungwane ye-17, lamisela umgaqo we ukuhamba kwegazi kwinkqubo okuvala imithambo yegazi wavula kwegazi. yamachiza Italian kunye Isazinzulu L. Galvani kwenziwa amalinge, ukuze ufumanise uhlobo neemvakalelo-luvo, waza wazibeka iziseko Neurophysiology. Le yesebe inzululwazi yasungulwa kamva sibulela umsebenzi M. I. Sechenova, V. M. Behtereva, P. K. Anohina. igalelo elibalulekileyo ekufundweni imisebenzi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla kufuneka ekhemisi: Lavoisier kunye J. Priestley.

zomzimba indawo kwinkqubo kwiinkalo eziphilayo

Ngokufundisisa wabonakala hayi kuphela kwiiseli, amalungu kunye namalaphu, kodwa ke umzimba bonke abantu ubomi inkqubo evulekileyo zebhayoloji, ezisisiseko amalungu ndajoyina iqela ezikhethekileyo - application - amasebe eziphilayo. Ezi ziquka eziphilayo, cytology kunye histology. Athatha indlela pathways kwi ezinto, kwinqanaba zeselula kunye kwithishyu. embriology Kulandelwe Genet abafunda umsebenzi yokuvelisa transmission kweepropati zamafa. Ke ekugqibeleni, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ubudlelwane phakathi zomzimba anatomy, ngaphandle ezenza kube nzima ukulungisa ingcaciso kwiinkqubo eziqhubeka kwindawo nganye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo: i-luvo, yonyango, ukujikeleza kwegazi, etc ...

Igalelo yokufunda I. P. Pavlova ngayo iinkqubo zokwetyisa

Ngokwenkcazelo yembali amalungu lwenzululwazi, zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yinto isayensi lifunda imisebenzi ubomi zonke iinkqubo emzimbeni. abasabela kwemichiza ukuba kwenzeka wokugaya abantu, ngokunjalo iindlela elawula kubo, ziye zachongwa yi abanegama Russian inzululwazi I. P. Pavlovym. ndlela fistula wakhe uye wanceda ukuvula iimfihlelo kwamadlala duodenal. Kuye kwakhona ifakiwe izigaba ukwetyisa esiswini waza wafunda nokwakheka eekhemikhali juice esiswini, nime ngaphandle kwanangaphambi kokuba chyme ungena lapho umzimba. Kuye kwacaca ukuba amalungu enjalo ukwetyisa.

Ngenxa unique yayo imisebenzi yazo ngqo kwizilwanyana, oososayensi thaca umfanekiso opheleleyo kwezonyango ukusebenza amathe kwamadlala, isibindi, isisu. Ukusekwa enzyme iseli lwabo secretory iphenjelelwa ngamaziko excitation ikhaliphe unconditioned kwi esikhondweni ebuchotsheni.

Le Isazinzulu waveza iindlela neuro-humoral of nokulawulwa ukwetyisa, apho ngo-1904 wawongwa Prize Nobel. Uphando I. P. Pavlova waba kakhulu ekuphenduleni umbuzo othi, "Yintoni amalungu oluntu kwaye yintoni indima yalo lwamacandelo zebhayoloji kwenkqubo?".

Ukubaluleka kakuhle lo msebenzi I. M. Sechenova

ukuvulwa okhanyayo wabaseki inhibition kwi luvo central Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova ukukhonza njengesiseko theoretical ukuba isifundo iinkqubo zokucinga, inkumbulo, intetho. Scientific ukungqinisiseka izifundo eziphambili ikhaliphe imiyalelo ingqondo wazimisela ubukho kwi thalamus diencephalon iziko brake yasekuhlaleni. Ngokutsho iingcamango I. M. Sechenova, indima ebonisa kwinkqubo zokukhanya kweenkqubo inhibitory enze molekyuli ezikhethekileyo - neurotransmitters, kuhlelwe emzimbeni yaye inokuqokelelana plasma yegazi.

Scientist ngowokuqala wanika inkcazelo yoko amalungu omzimba lomguli. Wawusebenza njengesiseko iyeza ekuthethwa uphethwe oluchanekileyo kunye nokukhetha iindlela kangangoko zonyango. Imfundiso I. M. Sechenova malunga feedbacks kumsebenzi reflex lobuchopho yaba yimfuneko ukulungiselela nokudalwa nenzululwazi cybernetics.

Ingcamango kweenkqubo ezisebenzayo

imisebenzi ebalulekileyo umzimba womntu inkqubo eziphuhlileyo open-lomzimba uya kude ngaphaya abasabela reflex. Famous Isazinzulu Russian P. K. Anohin iphuhlise ithiyori ukuchaza nokugcina imeko rhoqo lwangaphakathi ngoncedo amalungu entsonkothileyo nokomzimba kunye neenkqubo. Umsebenzi wabo esihlelwe igcina inqanaba homeostasis ehambelana umzimba usempilweni, kwaye kulawulwa ngezenzo ezintsonkothileyo zokuziphatha. izazinzulu zophando ziye zanceda ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni na amalungu msebenzi ephakamileyo luvo, kuqinisekiswa I. M. Sechenova wacinga malunga nendima amaziko ngaphezulu neuron ukunika ukhetho izicwangciso ukufezekisa iinjongo kunye neendlela lokukhuthazwa ezenziwa ngabantu.

Xa imizimba yethu kukho iinkqubo ezisebenzayo amanqanaba amabini. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iindlela ezenza igalelo ekugcinweni homeostasis nge ummiselo neurohumoral. Ukuba zibe kumgangatho eswekile yegazi eziqhelekileyo, ukwakhiwa plasma yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, njalo njalo. D. Inkqubo yesibini ixhasa umzimba inkxaso ubomi nge intsebenziswano yokuhlala ngokusebenzisa utshintsho zokuziphatha.

ukuphefumla yangaphakathi

Njengoko siyazi ngoku, imigaqo ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lombutho kwezinto eziphilayo - eziphilayo, zeselula, izicwili kunye organogenic - befunda zomzimba ezenzululwazi. Yintoni yokucolwa kwi ngalinye kula amanqanaba, yaye njengoko yenzeka - iimpendulo zale mibuzo kunika amashishini isicelo.

Ngoko ke, ucinga ukuba amalungu ezinto igesi exchange ye cell yokuphefumla, ukhuseleko eyayibangela ukuba umzimba womntu mpilo. Kuziwa phakathi reactions redox kunye eziphilayo izinto iseli, apho amandla sakhulula okongezeleke ngohlobo ATP iimolekyuli ezisetyenziswa yi umzimba ukuba basebenze ekukhuleni kwezihlunu kunye nophuhliso. Njengoko ubona, iinkqubo komzimba i inkalo ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo umbutho.