Indlela ukubala isimo sociometric?

Technique, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa yi Dzhekob bakaLevi Moreno, ezisetyenziselwa lokufunyaniswa IDENTITY kunye nobudlelwane nabanye, oko ukunceda ukucwangcisa izinga sociometric, ukutshintsha, ukuphucula nokuphucula ezi ubudlelwane. Sociometry Kwakhona ivumela ukufunda typology yokuziphatha yabantu eluntwini, ukuze bazigwebe ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya zentlalo nezengqondo abantu yabo ngexesha lomsebenzi weqela.

Entle okanye embi status sociometric - ibonisa ubuntu, eyinxenye ye kubume sociometric kwaye ithatha kukho indawo ethile lomhlaba (ngenye indlela - kuwela). Oku kuthetha ukuba ahlalutye isixa esizithandayo rejections singobani efunyenwe abantu kuzo. Le propati Isakhiwo qela ozinikiweyo isiqalelo ngasinye, kodwa akulingani kakhulu, yaye ngaloo ndlela ngenxa uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo ngokunxulumene nganye lulinganiselwa kwaye zibonakaliswe ngenani. Oku isalathiso yemeko sociometric. Calculation umzekelo inikwa kweli nqaku.

iinjongo sociometry

Inkqubo womlinganiselo sociometric kunceda ukuchonga iqondo dissociation kunye umanyano kweli qela, kwaye ukujonga isikhundla ngengqiqo sociometric igunya ratio ngokusekelwe azithandayo nangazithandiyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwaye xa nezibonda ezahlukeneyo abantu ezithe zanikwa ibakala sociometric, ezifana njengenkokheli okanye umgxothwa. Ukongeza, ngaphakathi kwiqela ofuna ukufumana esezantsi, ibize ndaweninye ezinye imfundo, apho nabo babe iinkokheli zabo informal kakuhle. Imisebenzi phantsi kwalo mbono kuyanceda ukwenza yokukala iinkokheli igunya - kunye ezisesikweni nezingekho sesikweni, ukuba ngoko yimbumba ngamaqela abantu ukunciphisa imimoya iqela, nto leyo ebangelwa ukungathandi abantu, badla efanayo.

status Sociometric uzimisele yi iindlela ezithile, wenziwe qela. Akumthathi elide, abaliqela ikota yeyure, kodwa kuzisa ezininzi iingenelo. ubuchule ngakumbi elungileyo kuphando isicelo, leyo ukusebenza ukuphucula yonxulumano.

Ukusekwa yemeko sociometric akuthethi ukuba zonke iingxaki ziya kuconjululwa ebusuku, Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba impela ukususa intra-yombane. Kwaye isizathu sokuba kubalulekile ukujonga nzulu kakhulu, hayi azithandayo ngamnye nangazithandiyo yaso. Yenza ezi ngxaki kakhulu mithombo kakhulu-ifihliwe. Inkqubo Ukuthembeka sociometric ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala iinqobo ngqo ukhetho kunye kwimiyalelo inkqubo yophando, kunye nolwazi kwangaphambili kunye nkcukacha ngolwalamano kwi qela.

inkqubo sociometric

Iskim jikelele amanyathelo zezi zilandelayo: Okokuqala, ubeke isifundo le ngxaki kunye nezinto yomlinganiselo ekhethiweyo, uze nokuqulunqa yeengcinga kunye nezibonelelo kwi iikhrayitheriya ukwenzela uphando ilungu leqela ngalinye. Yokufihla inkqubo sociometric ayiboniswanga, ekubeni kulo mzekelo umlinganiselo ayiyi kunika ifuthe elifunekayo. Umphandi imfuneko yokuba ukubhengeza abazithandayo nangazithandiyo ingakumbi, qiniseka ukuba bakhuthaze uninzi sabaphenduli imiqobo kuphela lwangaphakathi, kodwa akathandi elibukhali ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu phando.

Ezi iimpawu kwemeko sociometric kubaphulaphuli yikholeji ubudala, ukususela besikolo. Apha ke kungcono ukuba kusetyenziswe uhlobo amakhadi, eyayibhalwe imibuzo ezikhethiweyo kunye neenqobo, okanye amalungiselelo uhlobo uphando ndlebe ngomlomo. Le yokugqibela ngakumbi afaneleka kahle xa amalungiselelo isifundo ukulinganisa imo sociometric kwiqela elincinane.

Umyalelo yale saveyi

Mibuzo xa ilungu ngalinye leqela, ukukhetha, kuxhomekeke notyekelo endandifunda ezithile, zodidi nabo bakhetha xa kuthelekiswa nabanye. The main yokuhlola - abazithandayo nangazithandiyo, ukungazithembi, okanye intembeko, njalo-njalo. Imibuzo kufuneka kukhethwe ukuze zombini kungenza kube lula ukubona umlinganiselo omnye komnye, kwinkokeli, inkokeli sikweni, ukuba lowo iqela ngesizathu esithile akafuni kwamkela. Le experimenter ufunde imibuzo emibini phantsi unobumba a) kunye b), ngoko ke ummangalelwa unika imiyalelo. Kufuneka ubhale kwizintlu zabo amagama amathathu.

Phantsi inani lokuqala - indoda ngubani onokukhetha kwindawo yokuqala, phantsi lwesibini - indoda ngubani onokukhetha ukuba engathanga kuqala kwaye eyesithathu - lowo uya kuthabatha indawo, musani kuba ezimbini zokuqala. Imibuzo phantsi iileta zingenziwa phezulu njengoko uthanda, kuxhomekeka meko. Umzekelo, ukuba iimpawu nangobude ubume sociometric abantwana beekholeji ze-ubudala, ukuba ingaba:

• Yeyiphi iqabane band, uya kucelwa ukuba ukunceda ukulungiselela uviwo? (Igama Okokuqala, okwesibini, okwesithathu).
• Umntu akanye anavuma olufunayo iqela kufuneka acele ngayo, kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo? (Kwakhona - ifani yokuqala, eyesibini neyesithathu).

imibuzo kwesampuli

Ukuze ufumanise ukuba njani isimo sociometric ingqamana kubudlelwane ushishino oluqhelekileyo, imiba kufuneka ukuba bayinto ezahlukeneyo:

• Naye nabani angathanda ukuba aye uhambo ishishini elide?
• Nabo ongathanda ukuya uhambo olude?

ukhetho Second:

• Ngubani, Ngokoluvo lwakho, ukuzalisekisa igosa imisebenzi evenkileni, ngumdli-mhlalaphansi okanye umhleli?
• Ngubani, Ngokoluvo lwakho, kuya kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yomququzeleli?

Kwaye njalo-njalo. Imibuzo kufuneka ibe kakhulu ilungile, kodwa kulula ukuba babalise kukhetho umnqweno.

Ngendlela efanayo iwonga sociometric isikolo ikhuthaza ukuba baphonononge kwaye nolwalamano lobuqu kwi qela. Imibuzo zenziwa kwi-mgaqo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwimida zesifundo. Umzekelo:

• Ngubani Ungacebisa ukwimeko enzima, ukuba kubonakala ebomini bakho?
• Ngubani evela kwiqela ongathanda ukuba uqhagamshelane nayiphi na enye leBhunga okanye ngenxa yintoni isizathu?

Le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Nge ngaye onokuthanda ukwabelana igumbi ehostele?
• Ukuba iqela lakho ukusekwa kwakhona, ngubani ongathanda ukubona kwiqela elitsha?

Kwaye enye indlela:

• Ngubani na ukumemela emthendelekweni, umzekelo, lokuzalwa kwam?
• Umntu kwiqela lakho uqubha wokuzalwa kwakho asifuni ukubona?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka iimpendulo, esi sifundo ingaqhuba iye phandle kwenye kwaye iqela elifanayo ngaphezulu nakanye, kuphela kunye neminye imiba.

imilo nonparametric

status Umda sociometric uzimisele kakhulu iyaxokozela, ukuba usebenzisa le fom yokuqala, non-parametric uphando. Nangona kunjalo, kuyanceda afumaneka kuzo zonke ilungu uhlobo leqela le nobubanzi ngokweemvakalelo, bafumane basinqumla khona isakhiwo kwiqela ezahlukeneyo nobudlelwane nabanye. Ingakumbi iluncedo kwakhona kuba ngoyena wayedla ekuqaleni kwesi sifundo, kwaye ke iqela liya kuba aqhele ukuba balobe elimsulwa ngakumbi. Kwakhona, le ndlela kulungile kuphela kumaqela amancinane, kunye nabantu ukuba enze ngaphezu kweshumi kuya kufuneka ubuchwepheshe bee-computer ukubala iziphumo. Lo mgaqo yolu phando: kwisifundo ngasinye uphendula amakhadi imibuzo ngaphandle umda ukhetho. Ukuba uthanda abasibhozo ezilithoba (yesithoba - yena), yena inscribes amagama abo nganye nganye. (Ezinye, ingakumbi ngasese, ebhaliweyo alfabhethi okanye ukugcina i-inki, ngokusayina i "Ungabi yabo bonke!")

Isondlo kunokwenzeka inani izigqibo ezenziwa ilungu ngalinye iqela liya kuba (N-1), apho N - inani labantu kwiqela. Kwaye iziko ngalinye ungakhetha (N-1) inani elifanayo amaxesha. Eli xabiso, ngasendleleni, kusoloko rhoqo engundoqo ubuninzi yonke imilinganiselo sociometric. Kodwa inkqubo nonparametric iyenza ihluke ukuba kwisifundo, kwaye ukuba ukhethe into. Kwakhona, oko kuyinto embi kakhulu amathuba okuba ufumane ikhethe. Bagubha bonke ngenkankulu ngokwenene kwinkqubo undifferentiated amorphous ezifana lobudlelwane nabanye. Kunokuba - kubonisa ukunyaniseka esesikweni kuk disingenuous. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaphandi awuyitshintshanga le ndlela yenkqubo yaye ngaloo ndlela inciphise ipesenti amathuba ukhetho random, ubume Udidi sociometric.

inkqubo parametric

Xa ngobuwena kuphela inani lesibini ukhetho. Umzekelo, amalungu kubizwa kuphela inani ngqo fixed amagama. Ukuba iqela abantu mabini, elowo wacela ukuba ukhethe, umzekelo, kuphela iintsapho ezine okanye ezintlanu. Le ndlela kuthiwa ukhetho umda okanye umda sociometric, yaye oko kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ukuthembeka idatha landa kakhulu, ngaxeshanye lula processing manani umbandela ifunyenwe. Izifundo uyayiva ngakumbi iimpendulo nangokwengqondo ndivakalelwa kukuba ukhetho zabo, kwaye ke ngoko phantse soze dissemble, makuqatshelwe ngokwenene abo bantu kuphela esidibana intshumayelo yabo imisebenzi ecetywayo - osebenza nabo, inkokeli okanye iqabane.

Kwakhona, ubhekisa ngqo kunye nobume sociometric elibi. ukhetho ukunciphisa amathuba kweempendulo random liye lancitshiswa phantse zero, kwaye kuyanceda ukuba kumgangatho iimeko zophando, nokuba iqela kwisampula abangabodwa inani ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kwenza kube lula ukuba bathelekise amaqela ezahlukeneyo izinto. Ngoku Kuthathwa ngokuba ngamaqela ukuya ku ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu izithintelo sociometric ixabiso ubuncinane kufuneka unyulo ezine okanye ezintlanu.

komgangatho

Umahluko ebalulekileyo lwalo yesibini ukusuka inkqubo yokuqala kukuba ukusoloko sociometric (N-1) kufuneka igcinwe kule nkqubo wafumana unyulo kuphela - ilungu elo qela. System okuphosela unyulo - yi-nxaxheba kwi qela - Walinganisa usebenzisa amaxabiso amatsha - d, nto leyo ethetha isithintelo sociometric. Ngenxa ingenisiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba kumgangatho zonke iimeko zangaphandle lonyulo phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Ixabiso d kumiselwa ukuba efanayo kuwo onke amaqela nokukhetha random lilonke. Ukuze ubone namathuba okuba ukuba kukho ifomula: P (A) = d / (N-1). Apha, P yindlela iziganeko random, (A) - ukukhetha sociometric, kunye N - inani lamalungu eqela.

Ngokuqhelekileyo P (A) ikhethiwe malunga 0.20-0.30, kwaye ufake ezi amaxabiso kwifomula ngasentla ukumisela d (kunye nexabiso N yaziwa kuthi), siya ufumane inani oyifunayo ebonisa isithintelo sociometric kweli qela. Ezingeloncedo yale nkqubo iyafumaneka: akunakwenzeka ukubona yonke iyantlukwano ubudlelane kweli qela, ezichongiweyo subjectively kuphela Amakhonkco ezibalulekileyo iboniswa kuphela nabanyuliweyo, unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo, kunye nesakhiwo lonke eli qela olusana ngokupheleleyo. kobudala Sociometric akabonisi imvakalelo amalungu eqela bandise.

ikhadi sociometric

Okanye ikhadi iprofayile ukuba izifundo sociometric Kuqulunqwe sele kwisigaba sokugqibela nophuhliso kule program. Ngokugcwalisa ikhadi, nxaxheba ngamnye saveyi ukubonisa isimo sabo ukuze abanye qela kwi imiqathango ethile - imisebenzi isigqibo ishishini, ukusebenzisana, izinto zolonwabo, njalo-njalo. Iinqobo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi injongo yesi sifundo kwaye olandelayo inkqubo, oko kukuthi, yintoni lo mba: ubudlelwane kwiqela zokuzonwabisa, okanye iqela imveliso, iqela oluzinzileyo, okanye umzuzwana, njalo-njalo.

Le theyibhile inika isiqulatho elisondeleyo ikhadi enjalo.

iziphumo Calculation

Emva kokuba ziqokelelwe amakhadi, qala lweenkcukacha zemathematika, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ubuncinane sixelele ngokufutshane indlela ukubala ubume sociometric. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezintathu - indeksologicheskim, usebenzo oluntanganye kunye tabular. Kugcine iphawuleka yokuba iziphumo zizalisiwe ngokwahlukeneyo ulwalamano kunye noshishino. Eme apha luluhlu lwamagama kwikholam yokuqala, yaye tye malunga nganye - amanani: + 1, + 2, + 3, njl Oku kubhekiselele abo baye ekhethiweyo yokuqala, yesibini njalo bonke, no -1, -2, -3, njl - ngabo bangadyobhekanga abanyulwe wokuqala, owesibini kunye elandelayo. Ukukhothana yokukhethwa ezintle nezimbi kwitheyibhile bayirhawula isangqa (ulandelelwano akujongwa).

Emva kokugqiba lo msebenzi kwi nkqo ebalwa isixa aljibra zonke wafumana unyulo-nxaxheba ngamnye. Emva koko zibalelwa inqaku ngalinye. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwinqanaba lokuqala yokukhetha +3 okanye -3, owesibini-phinde ngo 2 okanye -2, njalo-njalo. Kwaye washiya yokugqibela - ukubala inani lilonke aljibra, esicacisa isifundo yemeko sociometric kweli qela.

ekwandiseni sociometric

Apha kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi isalathiso kunye neqela yemeko sociometric. Umzekelo ubalo ibonisa ukuba yokuqala ichaza iimpawu ngamnye lwezentlalo nangokwasengqondweni kwisifundo njengelungu leqela, kwaye ngamanani wesibini ucacise ngeempawu yonke uqwalaselo yokuzikhethela sociometric kweli qela, ezichaza iimpawu izakhiwo zonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, ukuba umfundi ivanov wafumana ukhetho lokuqala ofunda Petrov, Sidorov kunye enayamkelayo kuye ukhetho yesibini, amakhadi imigca ezahlukeneyo kwiikholam ezichaphazelekayo zibekiwe, amanani angqinelanayo. Ukuba ke ivanov Petrov ungathanda ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye, oko kukuthi, ukhetho efanayo, ukuba la manani kufuneka isangqa.

Emazantsi isizalo ibalwa ukuba inani kunyulo ukuba ivanov kunye Petrov kunye Sidorov. Okulandelayo - algebra ngomnatha, ukubala ubume sociometric zomfundi ngamnye. Formula namnye: C = M: (N-1). Ukusuka apha - oko status sociometric, M - inani elipheleleyo konyulo, apho thabatha ezintle dibanisa, nezimbi, ka-N - Inani lezifundo. Umzekelo, ivanov wafumana 4 9 = 0.44. Loo nto imbi. Kodwa ukuba iziphumo iyadanisa, isikolo kunye nabazali kufuneka utshintsho olukhulu zokufundisa ndinokuba ubume sociometric lomfundi. Into esemqoka - ukwenza imilinganiselo baze baqonde ukuba yintoni ingxaki.

Avamise kakhulu ezi ndidi isimo zilandelayo: Iinkwenkwezi sociometric, wesuka, elahliwe, ngaphandle kwaye ulilolo. Ahluke inani ukhetho ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye nendibaniselwano zayo. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba umntu uyazazi isimo sabo kwaye nokuba baziva bekhululekile kule ndima.