art Classical kuba benjenjalo ukumemeza, ukuba ixabiso lemveliso nganye ebandakanywe isiseko sakhe, iyacikidwa kwexesha. Shakespeare, da Vinci ukupeyinta, umculo, Schnittke, Rodin - uluhlu kunokuba elide, kuba uluhlu kwempumelelo boluntu, wadalwa ngexesha ubukho kunye nophuhliso, bude ngokwenene igcwaliswe. Kunye nabameli inkcubeko Russian kunokuba abe nelunda countryman wabo omkhulu, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, yenye yezona ndawo yokuqala imbeko phakathi ababhali wayiqaphela lwehlabathi yoncwadi lwamandulo Russian.
UMdali yenoveli Russian
Ewe, kanye. Kakade ke, ukuze Turgenev ngoncwadi Russian yaba eninzi novelists abanetalente. "Encyclopedia of ubomi Russian" kwindinyana, ebhalwe Pushkin, umfanekiso ngokwasengqondweni ukuba sizukulwana sonke, wadalwa yi Lermontov yakhe "Hero ...", kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi emangalisayo mphe ukudla ingqondo nentliziyo yabantu Russian, abafundileyo, kuphuhliswa, wacacisa, wanceda imilo ngokomoya abantu abaqolileyo abanombono ngolo kwilizwe labo. Kodwa ke Turgenev wenza inoveli IsiRashiya ukuya kwihlabathi enkulu iincwadi, wazisa abafundi angaphandle kunye nentsusa yenkcubeko yethu, ubomi, imbali. Kwenziwe ngobulumko, imiva engaqhelekanga yolwimi, amaphaphu yesiqwenga eso, ukubonisa eyona miba ibalulekileyo yentlalo nezopolitiko kuluntu, umzabalazo wawo, uphawu ezikhona Russian, ingqiqo enzulu kwengqondo kunye nobuchule emangalisayo artist lokwenyaniso - ezi mpawu olwahlula Turgenev ke umbhali kunye nendalo yakhe engcono. Enkosi kubantu basemzini Ivan Sergeyevich nabagxeki ngaye emangalisayo - ". Inoveli Russian" "Literature Russian", Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye wayemthanda umntwana wabo umbhali baba 'Ooyise and Sons. " Intsingiselo imisebenzi kubonakala umkhaya kuphela polysyllabic, ubudlelwane nabantu kwezentlalo, yoluntu ngokubanzi, kodwa ngokombono Turgenev kule miba.
Kutheni Fathers and Sons
indawo Umbhali xa kwinoveli alukhankanywanga ngqo. Kodwa ke noko lula ukufumanisa ukuba jonga kwi ekwakhiweni imveliso, ukuhlalutya abalinganiswa ulwimi, inkqubo imifanekiso, ukuchonga indima lweziqalelo ngamnye, ezifana yomhlaba, kwinoveli. Oku, ngengozi, umdla kakhulu, "Ooyise and Sons." Intsingiselo yomsebenzi ibekwe sele kwisihloko, yaye ubuchule engundoqo ubugcisa inkcaso okanye uchasaniso, ingalandwa kulo lonke inoveli.
Ngoko kutheni ooyise yaye kutheni abantwana? Kuba le ntsapho - yinto iqhekeza encinane kuluntu lonke, yaye kulo, njengoko esipilini, wawubonisa ezintsonkothileyo, ungquzulwano ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu ukuba behlunguzela kwaye bomkhuhlane lokuqonda koluntu. Ngexesha nokuzalwa kokubhalwa ubomi kwinoveli, ngokutsho umgxeki Belinsky, "abasasazeke ubunzulu nobubanzi" kwi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo lweziqalelo yayo. Le iintlobo ngeentlobo ukuvumela ukuba sibone kwaye siqonde i "Ooyise and Sons." Intsingiselo yomsebenzi ubonakaliswa ungquzulwano phakathi izizukulwana, xa iimbono zabo zopolitiko, unqulo, inzululwazi, ubugcisa, ukuze ihlabathi lwentlalo inkqubo yehlabathi. Akukho ngokucace kangako kunye neklasi impixano, okuphinde kwimvelaphi ngxabano ezinzima imikhosi zentlalo kunye nemingeni. Umfundi vuxiyaxiya, behamba ukususela kwisahluko kwisahluko, ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ngakumbi isihloko Nakuba of "Ooyise and Sons." Intsingiselo msebenzi nje kuphela ukubonisa ukuqhubeka izizukulwana kunye disengagement (umba zabantu jikelele), kodwa ukutyhila longquzulwano ngeembono ezisekiweyo kunye izimvo ezintsha, esiza endaweni endala.
Ndandicinga ekhaya
Makhe sihlolisise le yokuqala "ndacinga intsapho" kwinoveli. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umxholo intsapho uphawu Turgenev. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe abadala umbhali wayephila "esesiphelweni omnye indlwane", yaye ababenaye kakhulu ubudlelwane elukhuni kunye nomama wakhe. Ngokuba, mhlawumbi, baziswa Ivan Sergeyevich bagcakamele ekhaya, ukuvisisana ubudlelwane phakathi kwezizukulwana omdala omncinane. Imveliso ye 'Ooyise and Sons "kuchasa ezo amaxabiso obungunaphakade, ngaphandle leyo, enyanisweni, akanako ukuhamba phambili inkqubela. Oku kubonisa oku umzekelo Kirsanovs usapho. Arkady, ummeli isizukulwana esitsha yaye iluncedo, nangona, yaye iphenjelelwa Bazarov, nangoku ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye nabo babathandayo. Kwanasemva kokuba kokufika edge otchie udanduluka athi ukuba apha yena umoya na enencasa yaye zibiza imali eninzi yaye sisondele ngakumbi kwikomkhulu. Ukwenza i uhambo esidlule amaqhawe bakhe, Turgenev wathi Kirsanov uyise rhoqo azama ukufumana kufutshane unyana wakhe, ukwabelana izilangazelelo zakhe, ukuba aphile koko uhlala Arkady Uqhelene nakubahlobo bakhe, bezama ukuqonda kwisizukulwana esitsha uzayo esikhundleni koontanga bakhe. Imveliso ye 'Ooyise and Sons ", njengoko sele kuchaziwe, inoveli-uchasaniso. Kodwa ngoxa Bazarov, kwaye iqela azinikele zonke elidlulileyo, i "zooyise" kubandakanywa, nangona ngaphandle krwada noyise nonina, ngokuphandle ligxeka kwaye ehleka "Kirsanovs endala" imvakalelo isalamane akukho yayintsha kuye. Ngaloo ndlela, izithethe usapho kunye imixokelelwane ongcwele Turgenev. Ndisamkela ixesha elitsha, umbhali ukholelwa ukuba umntu akakwazi ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo namathuba ezidlulileyo umnqamlezo, kuquka ukuqhubeka ngezizukulwana.
New nabadala
Intsingiselo inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" ibanzi kwaye gangqa kubonisiwe ngentla mbuzo. Ewe, okunene, ulutsha, kunye maximalism zayo badla bazijonge ngakumbi ekrelekrele, inkqubela ngakumbi, abanetalente ngakumbi, esebenza kakhulu izenzo ezibalulekileyo simlungele lizwe ngaphezu abo iminyaka ukuzoba lizakuvalwa. Awu, kodwa ngokubanzi ngayo. Ke UNikolai Petrovich kunye Pet Petrovich Kirsanov, abantu abafundileyo kwaye mihla-nye nonke, kodwa ubukhulu becala emva ephaphazelayo kwinkulungwane phambili angalawuleki. izimvo lwenzululwazi olutsha, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe, iingcamango zezopolitiko zikufumana kunzima ukuqonda kwaye kunzima ukwamkela kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba elidlulileyo kungabikho amasalela utshabalalise, silibale ukuba ayinike phezulu, "kucacile", njengoko ichazwe yi Bazarov? Yintoni, ke, ukwakha indawo omtsha cleaner? Kwakungekho Eugene Asinakucacisa umfanekiso eneenkcukacha - Kuyabonakala ukuba, akazi, akunjalo ngokwayo. Ke intsingiselo inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" ngumbhali ngokufanelekileyo nje kuphela ukuba agxeke babi ezikhona Russian, inkqubo loluntu ezibolileyo, yaye ubudlelwane badla abantu, kodwa kwakhona ukungqina ukuba ungamshiyi ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elidlulileyo. impucuko Human balandela omnye komnye, yaye nganye ngokusekelwe impumelelo lwangaphambili.
ingqiqo yeengcinga nobugcisa yenoveli
Yintoni enye inoveli "Ooyise and Sons"? Imveliso ye Turgenev ebhalwe ngezigaba-3. Imihla zokuqala emva kwiminyaka 1860-1861, xa wadala okubhaliweyo engundoqo, itulo kwasekwa okuyiyo nkqubo. Eyesibini ibhekisa ukuwa-1861 - ekuqaleni kobusika iminyaka ngo1862. Ngeli xesha umbhali ngenkuthalo benzise okubhaliweyo, ukwenza iyelenqe kunye nezilungiso zizonke, usinika uluhlu ekwezi iingxaki ngokungqinelana neenguqu kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwisithuba ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuSeptemba 1862 kwaye utshintsho lokugqibela kuhlelo lokuqala "Russian Journal" imisebenzi "Ooyise and Sons." Iingxaki yenoveli - umfanekiso ocacileyo intshukumo lokuphakamisa evulekileyo, i Democrats revolution; obonisa indlela entsha, chwetheza nje itshantliziyo zentlalo abanazo, kwakungekho, sibuzwa zonke iziseko karhulumente Russian. 238 amaphepha print entle yokubhala Turgenev bakhe bahamba ibali lobomi a nomvukeli Bazarov, ukugxekwa okanye ukungabi kwiqembu, ungquzulwano phakathi babebambelele, benkululeko kunye progressives revolution-nye nonke, ukubhengezwa bulumko, ngokomoya, zenkolo, ukuziphatha nobugcisa, ungquzulwano yokuziphatha.
Ukuba umbhali aweyefuna ukuyithetha noko wathi?
Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuxela umfanekiso umlinganiswa ophambili - a kwakungekho evgeniya Bazarova. Umbhali yathi wabona ngemfano womelele, engathethekiyo, zasendle yaye lawuleki, ukunyaniseka, evela ebantwini, kodwa nakanjani, ngenxa yokuba ixesha alikafiki Bazarovs. Wavuma ukuba uyazi, uthanda bani okanye abathiye umfanekiso ofanayo wadala. Ngapha koko, umbhali afuna ukuba bagxeke kakhulu zithandwa njengoko kanye okulungileyo, kodwa ngoku, udidi elondoloza moribund, ziyibuyisela uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko lizwe. Kodwa Bazarov weza ngaphambili, kwaye ngale umlinganiswa yaphuhliswa ukugxekwa zasekhaya mpikiswano. Abanye babecinga umlinganiswa, ubuqili ophambili enzakalisayo, lampoon kwi abaselula. Abanye wathatha igama Turgenev "kwakungekho", baqala ukubiza kuzo zonke iintlobo olahlwa, izidubedube zezopolitiko eziveliswa ngabafundi. Kwaye igama Bazarov liye laziwa elinye lamagama bakaMtyholi - Asmodeus. Okwesithathu, ukuchola izimvo mbuso, zakhiwe UYevgeny Vasilyevich ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla inkokeli yabo yokomoya. Turgenev akazange ukwabelana ingcamango nawuphi na umntu, okanye wesibini, okanye wesithathu. Esi sesinye sezizathu ukuhlukana yembono phakathi umbhali kunye namalungu "Contemporary".
ubomi koyisa phezu ideology
Ewe, Ivan Sergeyevich, kunye yonke uvelwano enyanisekileyo ukuya wabanumzana, nemfesane Bazarov, yaye abanye bagxeka, kunye nabanye. Xa inoveli, wangqina ukuba ubomi ezinokuntsonkotha ezahlukahlukeneyo zonke iingcamango, iingxabano zopolitiko, kwaye alikwazi ukuba afake kuwo nawuphi na umandlalo Procrustean. Nature, uthando nomsa onyanisekileyo, nokuphola kunye namandla nokutyetyiswa art, izwe uya koyisa phezu nayiphi "babalo, nesono intliziyo, eneenkani." Kwaye kule mini isiphelo amaqhawe isebenza umdla kunye nenkxalabo kuthi, kunokubangela iingxaki, ziyakhuthazwa ukuba uzame ukuqonda nzulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ufundise wonke umntu abe yindoda. Nguwo lo ke inkalo ephambili ezakudala enkulu.