Omlambo i-Urals: inkcazo

Inkosi yenza yohambelwano kunye imilambo emikhulu - nemingenela. Agcwalisa kwemijelo engundoqo yamanzi, ukwakha pool wayo neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni. Inani labo inokwahluka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kweshumi eziliqela. Zonke omlambo i-phambene obuphantsi kuye ubude. Phakathi kwabo, ukuba yahlulwe ekhohlo nasekunene bejonge kwemali.

phambene

Igama yamandulo Urals - i Yaik. Ngoko ke wambiza ukuya ngoJanuwari 15, 1775, de umthetho Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine II zange ulinike umlambo. Isizathu ibe imvukelo Pugachev, emva kokuba kwezithandani indawo amagama ezininzi ndawo aguqulwe kancincane ukuba ukucima memory abantu nakuphi na ukukhankanywa kuyo.

Umlambo uthatha indawo yesithathu eYurophu ngokwemiqathango ubude, ngaphambi kuphela iDanube kunye iVolga. Yeyona imithambo amanzi yesibini ngobukhulu ukondla uLwandle lweCaspian. Umthombo we Urals kubekwe phezu kwithambeka kwinduli Round (Uraltau Ridge, Bashkortostan) kwintaba ephakame kweemitha 637. Imijelo zokuqala Urals - emlanjeni nameless ekhohlo, Chagan ekunene (enye yezona zinkulu) flow lingaphantsi kwe khilomitha ukusuka kumthombo. imali yabo abangama-82: 44 - ekunene, 38 - ekhohlo.

Ubude kwemijelo engundoqo 2428 km. ERashiya, oko aqukuqela RB yokuqala, ngoko ke mimandla eChelyabinsk Orenburg. Kwaye phambene wokugqibela igqitha inkoliso indlela Russian ka-1164 km. Ku Kazakhstan, athwala amanzi wayo ngokusebenzisa Atyrau neWest Kazakhstan nemimandla phezu km 1082.

indawo Isitya (kanye umlambo, zayo Delta, omlambo i-Urals eli dama) yi 231 000 km ^2. Upper phambene kufana esezintabeni nzulu (ukuya ku-1.5m) umlambo eemitha 80 ububanzi. Ukusuka Upper Uralsk uba uhlobo flat. Waza Orsk, ukutyhoboza kunxweme elulwalwa, ligcwele ngokuqhekeka. Emva uviko ilungelo umlambo Sakmara luthoba phantsi, kuthatha lomfula ezibanzi uhambahamba inepaseji ezolileyo.

amalungelo

Ukuba ujonga imaphu, umlambo ikhangeleka umthi bent kunye uPienaar emasebeni embindini kunye elifutshane. Ubude nemingenela ezininzi akukho kumgama ongaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20. Omlambo i phambene River, nangona ngaphezu kwenani ekhohlo-iphiko, kodwa ngumthamo opheleleyo wamanzi ibhate. Ukwenza emlanjeni omkhulu (ubude km):

• Guberlya - 111;
• Dogwood Small - 113;
• IRTEK - 134;
• Tanalyk - 225;
• Chagan - 264;
• Dogwood ezinkulu - 172;
• Sakmara - 798.

Le uviko Ilungelo inkulu Urals - Sakmara. Ngaphezu koko, le mfula ubude onesidima, iye nemingenela ezininzi umyalelo 2. Isebenza phantse kufana kwemijelo engundoqo. Top for yoqobo wakhe imilambo entabeni neebhanki ephakamileyo amawa, phakathi nolusezantsi ufana noxolo, amathafa ebanzi, umlambo.

Uluhlu imijelo ekunene:

washiya

Ukuze imijelo ekhohlo ke inkulu (ubude aboniswe km):

• Zingeyka -102;
• Uninzi Karaganka - 111;
• Urta-Turners - 115;
• Gumbeyka - 202;
• Big Kumak - 212;
• Suunduk - 174;
• Oph - 332;
• Ilek - 623.

uviko Ekhohlo ye phambene River - Ilek - asuka ezintabeni Mutodzharskih (South Kazakhstan). intlambo emfuleni yenziwe kakuhle na izinyuko ezimbini ngaphezu wezandyondyo, izityebi emachibini eziliqela, oxbows nemisele yamanzi. Le ndawo iyonke isitya - 41300 km ^2, isantya yonyaka lokuhamba kwamanzi malunga 1500 m ³ ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngomyinge we-40 m³ / s. Ilek - esiveza emathafeni umlambo izikhukhula ezinkulu entwasahlobo. Le uviko inkulu ekhohlo phambene Iintaba, nangona kummandla omkhulu ngamanzi, ingeyiyo kwisihloko eliphezulu lamanzi.

nemingenela Ekhohlo:

ukusetyenziswa

Phambene ayikho umlambo izikhephe. Eyona kwicala ukusetyenziswa kwayo - ukhenketho kunye lokuloba. nemingenela phambene ongekho ngaphantsi kundoqo ubuhle kunye nobukho intlanzi, iintlobo phantse-30 kusetyenziswa ukuwafunda. Nakhelwe phezu kweendonga kwezibonelelo ezininzi umkhenkethi.

Senziwe ichibi umlambo kwatsala ingqalelo abathandi iholide zasendle. esimhlophe Beautiful oyisanti, uxolo kunye namanzi tu kunye nokuloba elihle ukwanelisa naziphi na izicelo.

Magnitogorsk Iron amatye okusila zentsimbi Khalilovsk isetyenziswa ngu amanzi Urals. Kufutshane kwilali Iriklinskaya wakha kagesi. Kwezolimo, esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela.