Oko kulinganisa voltmeter? Isixhobo sokubala amandla ombane ayi

Man, kude iziphaluka zombane, ombane, ngoku ukuxhathisa, ngenkankulu nako ukuphendula kwangoko umbuzo: yintoni umlinganiselo voltmeter? Ngenxa yokuba Impendulo izicacele, xa ufunda nje kwisiqingatha sesibini isihloko senqaku, ibonisa ngakumbi kancinane esi sihloko. Ngokukodwa, cinga umlinganiselo yoxinezeleko kubomi bemihla ngemihla, iimpawu isixhobo, isimiso ukusebenza.

definition

Voltmeter - isixhobo sokulinganisa uvumela ukufumana ombane okanye amandla electromotive kwikhonkco of current ngqo okanye nokuxuba. Isixhobo uluhlu ingafikelela ukuya ku-1000 okanye nangaphezulu. Konke kuxhomekeke injongo yayo. siqonde ukuba yintoni na ukuba ngcono, sicinga inkcazelo amandla electromotive. Ngoba kakhulu edidekile kunye ombane kwi-network, kufuneka kwahlulwa omnye komnye.

EMF and Voltage: umahluko

Ngenxa yoko, i-EMF - yinto ubuninzi emzimbeni ukuba ubonakalise umsebenzi owenziwe semikhosi non-mbane kwi ukuhanjiswa ngecala olulodwa entle endleleni yangoku. Kwimeko njengesiqhelo, ibonisa amandla umthombo wamandla ukudala umahluko ukubanga kwi bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye amanqaku ezimbini chain. Oku kulinganiswa njengoko ombane kule volts. Yohluka kulo ukuba ibonelela ngomthombo wamandla kwi niyahiliza, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokuba uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi.

Xa sifunda nje ngoku, oko kukuthi, ivalwe, kukho omnye, wawuyinto ngakumbi kukuva - ombane. Ngaphezu koko, lungafundwa ukuba zombini unikezelo lwamandla kwi ezinjengeetheminali zayo, yaye nayiphi na inxalenye chain. nesilinganiso ombane na ekufumanekeni umahluko enokubakho phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zishiyane. Ngokuba umthombo wamandla jikelele ngaphantsi thile ngaphezu amandla electromotive, xa zifakiwe kwisekethe abathengi. Ngokusisiseko, kunye EMF ombane yaye - oku kuyafana ne umahluko kuphela ukuba inkqubo emzimbeni ivelisa nokubonakala umahluko enokubakho phakathi kweendawo ezimbini apho isikali kuthathwa.

iintlobo voltmeters

Apha kufuneka ukwahlula iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: abaphathwayo, zalungiswa. portable device sokulinganisa ombane akakwazi kuphela tsala ngesandla. kuyo Ngokuqhelekileyo iquka ukusebenza ekubhekeni imisinga resistances kwisekethe, kwakunye lobushushu Umqhubi, njl Iindlela zokubhala amaninzi zidityaniswa ngokokwakheka kunye womnatha, apho isikali wenziwe, umzekelo, Electrical iibhodi ukwabiwa, iiphaneli njl

Ngokumalunga ukuhlelwa umgaqo inyathelo, ukuze sikwazi ukubona iintlobo ezininzi voltmeters electromechanical kunye neendidi ezimbini electron. Last - is analog idijithali. voltmeters Electromechanical sebenzisa inkqubo yengxoxo magnetic ngokufumana amaxabiso ombane. izixhobo Electronic Techno wamkela umqondiso usebenzisa ADC. Voltmeter, kuxhomekeke imbonakaliso data umgaqo wokubonisa nokuba Isalathisi dial okanye umboniso digital abazinikeleyo.

Enye ngokuhlelwa - ngabom. It ikuvumela ukuba wabelane izixhobo malunga neemitha AC and DC kwakunye kwisigaba-ethe, 'ukungxama kunye neemeko ngeemeko. Kuba yokugqibela iyafumaneka phantse yonke eveliswa sisixhobo of ombane uphawu apho kuyimfuneko ukufunda.

ukucaciswa basic

Kuya kuxhomekeka kwisixhobo kuyo. Hi xikombiso, le voltmeter DC lidla onyukele kumaqondo eziliqela yokulinganisa, ngoko inani labo yenye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, phantse zonke izixhobo babe igalelo ukuvimba ethile ngokuxhomekeka, ngokuzenzekelayo, kubungakanani apho wesekethe vavanyo isakhiwo sebali ombane.

Enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo Kakade ke, impazamo, kwaye ukusonjululwa isikali okanye inqwanqwa ubuncinane ukufunda, xa uthetha malunga voltmeter yedijithali. Ukuba umsebenzisi ezikhuphile isixhobo jikelele zokulinganisa ombane, ingongezwa yezahlukileyo ngasentla ngaphandle ngalo unako ukusebenza, umzekelo, ngoku, ukumelana, ubushushu, kunye kuyehla, kunye nemiqondiso imposiso frequency for nesebenzayo.

isimiso ukusebenza

scheme ngokubanzi nokusebenza isixhobo buxhomekeke kakhulu ukusebenza. Ukuba lo voltmeter electromechanical inenkqubo nosiba, uvakalelo ukuhamba yangoku. Ngokuxhomekeka yobukhulu balo, kwaye yandisa iintolo ukuphambuka isalathisi oluhamba bomatshini isakhelo yesekethe okanye enye into esetyenziswa ukuguqula ngoku kwisekethe. Ukuchaneka zixhobo loo nto inkulu gqitha, ekubeni akavumeli ukufumana amaxabiso aphezulu input resistors, kwaye yiyo inegalelo ebalulekileyo umlinganiselo ubugqwetha, ekubeni conductivity ekumfimfitheni idityaniswe kumphathi wesekethe.

Common kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwi voltmeters yedijithali babe inani elikhulu elektroniki ekhaya phantsi kwenzakalani. Oku kungenxa ukuguqukela uphawu analogu eziveliswa kule igalelo kwiitheminali, ibe luhlobo yedijithali usebenzisa ADC. Oku kwakunomdla ngolona hlobo, ifumaneka nge uncwadi oluninzi malunga nesihloko. Loo voltmeter, ixabiso apho yahluka ukusuka engange ezilikhulu ambalwa, Kakade, Akujongwanga ukuba ibe ukhetho esisityebi lwamathuba kunye nokuchaneka enkulu, ke, ukuba uyakwazi ukubona ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo ombane kule iterminal ibhetri yemoto okanye 220 V. Network

Yokungena kwi sekethe

Umphathi wesekethe voltmeter lusoloko elidityaniswe ngaxeshanye umthwalo okanye amandla umthombo, ukuba kuyimfuneko kukulinganisa amandla electromotive okanye ombane terminal. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho iimfuno engqongqo uxhathiso igalelo ifowuni, kuba uxhulumaniso loo nto Ukwenza imbonakalo ye-Uhanjiso ezongezelelweyo kwisekethe.

Enoba kunjalo, musa ukudibanisa i voltmeter, ixabiso apho nangayiphi na indlela enkulu, kwisekethe kwi series. Kungenjalo umsebenzisi asebenza umngcipheko yeyunithi komtshiso corny, kwaye ke ixesha ukufumana izinto apho yonke into uqalwe. Ukuba kwanokuba kuma na isibheno abangaphucukanga, ubungqina bakhe azinakuthenjwa, kuba ngoku kwisekethe ijongene iinguqulelo ezininzinzi kweli uxhulumaniso a voltmeter, ngokulityhala endaweni ithuba engaziwayo ukufunda kwindawo ombane eyiyo apho kwenziwa imilinganiselo.

isilumkiso Ukusingatha

Ukususela kweelana le voltmeter kwiimeko ezininzi ezinkulu kunye nokufakelwa ngokwaneleyo umzobo, ngokulandelelanayo, asetyenziswa ngaxeshanye, umngcipheko wokungenwa a kakhulu yabanjwa ugesi kwisekethe ombane ephantsi engephi. Noko ke, xa sithetha izixhobo mveliso, ngokukodwa kwinguqulelo ezisisigxina, luquka amaxabiso ezinkulu elilinganisiweyo njenge ombane, kwaye kusenokwenzeka imisinga. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho ukhuseleko kwi nqanaba liphezulu, yaye ngaphandle ulwazi olwaneleyo, iiglavu zerabha, bebasa kunye nezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo, Kakade ke, nawuphi na umsebenzi contraindicated. Yintoni umlinganiselo voltmeter kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingozi kakhulu ebomini, ngoko ke sicebisa ukuba balinge ukudalelwa. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba uthinte iingcingo ezingagqunywanga, nokuba wesiphaluka ephantsi-ombane, ngokwenkcazelo, akwenze.

isiphelo

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga umlinganiselo voltmeter, siye wawajonga ngokubanzi isakhiwo sayo, iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa, yokuhlela. Kakade ke, olu hlolisiso emfutshane ingeyiyo ukuphelela ezibanzi, ingakumbi izixa aphantsi ulwazi olusisiseko yinjineli yombane umfundi.

UPawulos, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba amanyathelo voltmeter, Kakade ke, lo ombane kwi isabelo wesiphaluka apho enxulumene ngaxeshanye. Kungenjalo, ubungqina bakhe kuba ayini, singasathethi ingozi ngelahleko izixhobo ezixabisa kunokwenzeka. Umfundi kufuneka balumke xa usebenzisa esi sixhobo kweli khaya, ngokuba kumfowunelwa kwiindawo beesekethe ophezulu ombane kuyingozi ebomini.