Ntyatyambo: care ekhaya, inkcazelo, ukuzala, ukufaka isichumiso, ukunkcenkceshela

Intyatyambo ebizwa ntyatyambo ubuncwane bethu nokuhomba kwethu, banyamekele ekhaya loo elula kakhulu, - isityalo endlwini ethandwa kakhulu etsala abalandeli flower home for imithunzi zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo imibala emaXhoseni.

History of igama

ntyatyambo Imbali umdla kakhulu: zifumaneka Afrika, kufuphi Uzambarskih Mountains (Tanzania Territory). Likuthethayo iintyantyambo nemfusa ezintle 1893 ngengozi irhuluneli leMpuma Afrika, behamba emahlathini kufuphi kwiingxangxasi. Waphinda wathuma ikopi nentyantyambo kuyise - eziphilayo waseJamani.

Ulrich von Saint-Paul wenza inkcazo eneenkcukacha zokuqatshelwa ngezityalo nokufumanisa, intyantyambo kuthiwa ntyatyambo okanye Saintpaulia. Emva kwethutyana intyatyambo yaboniswa World lo Mboniso, leyo yatsala ingqalelo begadi kunye abalimi, wabulela apho iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha Saintpaulia zaye sirhoxisiwe.

inkcazelo flower

Ngoko ke yintoni na ezi iintyatyambo? Ntyatyambo - isityalo herbaceous lentsapho Gesneriaceae, zisenzeka emvula eMpuma Afrika, nemisonto yaseYurophu semxholweni. Ezi ntyatyambo - kakhulu ozithandayo kunye ethandwa phakathi houseplants.

Eyona inzuzo Saintpaulia - kweentyatyambo ixesha elide, phantse kuwo wonke unyaka. Ukongeza, ukwahlukana kweentlobo ivumela i kwinqwanqwa window encinane ukubeka iintyatyambo violet eziliqela kunye imibala eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba isityalo ngokwayo ifuna isithuba encinane kakhulu.

Care and zokukhanyisa

Ntyatyambo, ukunakekela ekhaya ngenxa yokuba - nqubo nzima kakhulu, finicky kakhulu malunga nendawo zazo:

• yokunqongophala ukukhanya lwenzeka njengengubo ukuyilwa amagqabi emithi;
• nge agqithisile amagqabi kwelanga ukuba utshiswe, intyantyambo kufa;
• kufuneka ukhethe indawo kakhulu eqaqambileyo, eshushu, kodwa hayi kakhulu ekwezi ilanga eqaqambileyo; kwandule ke isityalo siya andicingi ukhululekile;
• kwenye imeko - kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba amagqabi ntyatyambo musani ukwenza adibane iglasi kwi window, nayo leyo afune nokutsha.

Ideal for windows senpoliy Koloni naseMpuma, kodwa ngasezantsi - kuphela ubusika. Ukuba isityalo inokubekwa kuphela kwi window ngasezantsi, kufuneka ubeke iimbiza ukuze ilanga izityalo oswele (umzekelo, itafile kwicala ecaleni kwi window kwefestile).

lobushushu zinga lokukhula - + 23-25ºS kwaye Violet abadala - ezincinane kancinci 20-24ºS +. Isityalo akuthethi akubanyamezeli utshintsho lobushushu (ubuninzi - a izidanga ezimbalwa), kwaye engakuthandi uyilo. ikwimeko efanelekileyo ntyatyambo ebusika ekhaya iya kuqhubeka ixesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuhlola rhoqo isityalo ukususa amagqabi ezindala okanye ezonakeleyo kunye neentyatyambo ezomileyo kuye kwaphela. Ukuba stem ukuba ababethwele emva kokususa amagqabi asezantsi, isityalo kufuneka zilinywe, lo walivala ithende izityalo nzulu emhlabeni (phambi kokuba amagqabi). ntyatyambo ukufakelwa Kuyancomeka ukwenza qho ngonyaka njengoko luya lomhlaba embizeni.

Soil benika

Saintpaulia - nemisonto, amanzi kunye nomhlaba apho ezibalulekileyo. Plant ithanda umhlaba evakalala, kugcinwe amanzi. Yindawo le ekwafikela umxube sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• komhlaba Turf;
• ufane leaf;
• njengentlabathi;
• sphagnum moss.

Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise umxube ke agqiba ukuyothenga, kodwa kongezwe perlite, moss okanye yekhokhonathi zeendawana. Ngokufuthi begadi ukongeza ilizwe ehlathini, waza ugalelwe kuso sheet.

kuphela ukuba akhusele amanzi efanelekileyo ukunkcenkceshela senpolii (etephini okanye imvula). Zakhetha umhlaba nja-, ukufuma ngokukhawuleza umphunga kuzo, ntyatyambo ukunkcenkceshela kwakhona unandipha onobulali, kunye ikhukule kude kuye iyingozi kakhulu kunokuba yokunqongophala ukufuma. Ukuba amanzi lo walivala ithende inokuqala ukubola isiqu kunye neengcambu zawo ezikufutshane. ukhetho Best - ngokudibanisa amanzi ipani okanye imbiza usebenzisa Ukuntywiliselwa eshushu (lobushushu room) amanzi.

Care ebusika

Ukunkcenkceshela kwaye nangenxa ntyatyambo zololongo ubusika ekhaya inzima ngenxa kukuhla ukuzomelezela ukufuma kwi gumbi xa zokufudumeza, kwaye ke kufuneka 60%. Ngoko ke, ebusika, sincoma usebenzisa humidifier okanye sokutshiza amanzi rhoqo ngeenxa zonke izityalo, kwaye ngokupheleleyo asinako ukuvumela ukufaka amanzi emagqabini velvety gentle of ntyatyambo.

Iingxaki eziphambili ekukhathaleleni ebusika:

• lobushushu umoya uwisa: izityalo bakhetha + 20-25 ° C, kwaye ukusuka lobushushu drop elibukhali bakwazi ukwakha;
• iibhetri zokufudumeza proximity;
• ukutsha ukusuka elangeni ebusika okanye iglasi abandayo kwi window, ukuba kukho amatshatshazi amhlophe phezu kwegqabi, embizeni ntyatyambo kufuneka zisuswe kwi window;
• ntyatyambo uphuphume ngenxa umoya owomileyo - kulo mzekelo, isityalo zilinywe ukuba agobe inkqubo ingcambu.

Ebusika, esikhanyisa ezongezelelweyo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kungenjalo izityalo ziya ubunzima ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe ukukhanya. Kungcono ukufaka izibane ezibengezelayo, kwaye zibandakanya iiyure 3-4 yonke imihla, ngokuba shushu emoyeni kwaye unikezele noba ukhanyiso.

iindlela lokondla

Saintpaulia singafani overfeeding kwaye zivunwe kakuhle ngenxa yokunqongophala izichumisi. Ukuba izityalo etyalwe kumhlaba ekhethekileyo, oko sele iqulethe izondlo eziyimfuneko siphande izinto. Kuba yokuvundisa ezongezelelweyo (ukuba izityalo ngokucacileyo ediniwe) ungasebenzisa i isichumiso for ntyatyambo: in granules okanye ulwelo. Ezi zililo zi iintlobo ezininzi:

• izimbiwa - ukwandisa ubumuncu lomhlaba kunye nokukhuthaza nezidubula (superphosphate in granules);
• yezimbiwa complex (olungumgubo okanye ulwelo) "Uniflor", "Nkosi", "Etisso" "Fertikov", njl.;
• Eziphilayo: wamatye, umgquba, amalungiselelo ulwelo rubberized ( "Rainbow", "Ideal", "Gummi").

Kwakhona, ebudeni ithupha lencwadi ungenza ukunxiba isichumiso kunye phosphorus kunye nezityalo abatsha - a lot of nitrogen. Isichumiso for ntyatyambo ayikwazi zisetyenziswe rhoqo ngaphezu kwexesha 1 ngenyanga nganye, ngelinye ixesha phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Iindlela ukufuya ntyatyambo

Kuba okukhula embizeni nga "ukuphila" zezityalo omnye kuphela, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukuba nokuxinana ngamashishini elongezelelweyo lifakwa, kodwa ngenkathalo ukuba angamchukumisi iingcambu. Oku kunika ithuba lokuba ukufumana enye isityalo ngaphandle kokuchitha ngemali engaphezulu.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho livula ntyatyambo. Care ekhaya iya kuvumela ngobulungisa lula ukuzilungisa lokutyala izinto phinda ngalima iintlobo ezintsha:

• iziqwenga igqabi;
• ethengisayo okanye lana;
• imbewu (inkqubo ende).

Ixesha kangangoko kule zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni, ngenxa ebusika isityalo sikwimo ukuphumla kwaye ifuna iimeko ezithile zonakekelo.

Andise ningazicenti (amagqabi)

Indlela elula evumela ukuba ukhule izityalo ekhaya zininzi iintlobo ntyatyambo - zityalwe izithole. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iphepha kunayo kunqunyulwa imela ebukhali kakhulu kwi engile kancinane (hayi yokutshayela esiqwini).

Kukho 2 iindlela zamagqabi lwenkohlakalo:

• emanzini apho intwana encinane igqabi uvikivwa imilenze, - ingcambu ekuntshuleni ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku 10-14 (amanzi kufuneka ngokuthe ukongeza lo gama kugcinwe umgangatho ofanayo);
• kumhlaba ekhethekileyo (umxube umgquba) ukuya kubunzulu eyaneleyo ukubamba igqabi kwi indawo emi kwi imo yekona kancinane, kunye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukugcina microclimate ngaphezu komhlaba kusetyenziswa iingxowa polyethylene, iinkonkxa okanye isijungqe cut Iibhotile zeplastikhi, umhlaba kufuneka agcine nokufuma ngokwaneleyo, mini-greenhouse ukoreneneniya isuswe emva ahlabayo.

ezithengisa yokuzala

Xa ntyatyambo abadala bazibonise sele kakuhle, ngoko ecaleni baqale ukuvela neziseko umntwana (abantwana beqabane), eziya kunceda ukuba ukusasaza le sityalo. Ukuze ephuma otsadit, kufuneka ukuba ulinde de iya kukhula ubuncinane ka-5 cm ubude. Emva koko kanye ngokucophelela siyahlukana esikhondweni engundoqo, uqikelele ukuba kakubi iingcambu.

Ngcono wayifaka kumhlaba efanayo emva luzimisele ngenyanga Violet uza kukhulula amagqabi abaselula entsha kwaye uqale ukuyilwa yayisel 'ityatyambile.

Iintlobo-ntlobo ntyatyambo

iintlobo Uzambarskih of ntyatyambo - ezininzi ezahlukeneyo imibala neemilo ngamagqabi, ethe lurhoxisiwe zebhayoloji zobungcali ngabom okanye ngempazamo abathandi. Kwaye yokuzala ningazicenti nayiphi umnyamekeli zikhula i uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo of (iintlobo ongcakachileyo).

Saintpaulia iintlobo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela ngokobungakanani ye iplagi ezahlukeneyo imibala neemilo yamagqabi.

Umzekelo, iintlobo kunye umbala ongqindilili okanye yintshinga ngokwendalo ilifa imikhwa nabazali inkqubo imbasa yokuzala, umda angavela kuphela kwi nokugqama yesibini.

iintlobo Fancy (ezihonjiswe amabala, ngemivumbo, amachaphaza) wacebisa peduncles okanye ngokutyalwa laterals, ngoko ke ilifa umbala. Ngendlela efanayo yaye ngokutyalwa "chimera" fialki- ukuba ipateni zezityalo eyingozi.

Hang-izikali kwiintlobo kunye isiqu elide kunye ikhula kwiindawo eziliqela, amaqashiso ezahlukeneyo imibala kunye ezahlukeneyo ezishishina.

AmaBakala uchwetheza Osa - omnye yoqobo kunye ezintsha neentlobo ntyatyambo, ogama ntyatyambo a lobe elifutshane eliphezulu 2 no-3, yasezantsi; elide kwaye imxinwa, ukwakha imbonakalo exotic.

Enye iintlobo okwangoku ezithandwayo - violet blue, Yaphathana eRashiya, ngenani elikhulu, ukuya kwi-10 cm, iintyatyambo eqaqambileyo blue nesityalo ngokwawo - silnovetvistoe yaye ukuya kwi-40 cm Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ntyatyambo, iintyatyambo iimilo ezahlukeneyo .:

• inkungu Blue - luthuthu iibhola blue anoboya elintlangothi siziinduli.
• Blue iDanube - has a lot of iintyatyambo eluhlaza ukuya ku-5 cm ubukhulu.
• Blue Dragon - luthuthu blue kunye iinkwenkwezi eziluhlaza kwiziko, i umda ngokubanzi ebomvu esima emhlophe negolide, imibala ukuya ku-6 cm.
• Blue Lagoon - a violet eqaqambileyo eluhlaza ukuya ibala eluhlaza frill ebomvu ehlabathini buthelezi.

Isifo kunye nonyango senpoliy

Violet - isityalo akulinikwanga kakhulu, efuna ukufuma ethile kunye nomhlaba, omninzi ukukhanya kodwa ilanga ngqo, ezinye unakekelo ukutya. Kodwa xa zonke ezi meko kwenzeka, isityalo uyagula.

Umsebenzi ophambili kule meko - ukufunda ukujonga indlela unobangela sifo yaye ukwahlula phakathi izifo ezosulelayo kunye ntyatyambo non-esosulelayo, okt ezibangwa kukunqongophala kwezinye izondlo okanye iimeko ukuvalelwa engafanelekanga ...

Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo - yellowing amagqabi zesityalo, ezibangelwa iasidi ngokungafanelekanga komhlaba, ilanga eqaqambileyo kakhulu okanye kukhuhlwe olomeleleyo.

Ezisulelayo izifo ntyatyambo:

• Fusarium (iziseko rot) - gciwane a Fusarium ngundo luchukumisa iingcambu abaselula xa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu (umhlaba enzima, amanzi ukuphuphuma rhoqo, ngakumbi ebandayo, imbiza enkulu kakhulu). Ngenxa kwezithungu ukugula amagqabi zijika zibe mdaka nokuqalisa ukuba bawe. Kuba ekuthintelweni isenzeko ngundo Kucetyiswa ukuba ukunkcenkceshela izityalo isisombululo qho kwiinyanga 2 fundazol. Kuba unyango ntyatyambo kufuneka siphathwe njengezibulali emva ukususa eyomisiweyo okanye kubola isiqu namagqabi.
• Angumgubo nangexoshomba - wabonakaliswa njenge off-emhlophe nebhodi kuzo zonke iindawo kumphezulu bandise xa ukunqongophala yokukhanyisa, ukufuma engafanelekanga, uthuli okanye ukungcola emoyeni. Unobangela inokuba ukungabikho (potassium, iphosphate), okanye ngokugqithiseleyo lwe Micro (nitrogen). Zingasetyenziswa unyango okanye sokutshiza fundazol benlatom (idla kwanela 1 xesha, kodwa ukuze ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa kuyimfuneko). Ukuthintela ntyatyambo nexoshomba uyagula, banyamekele ekhaya kuye kufuneka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuthintelo yokwenza usula ezimanzi asisule amagqabi, pholisa le igumbi kunye nokuthintela ukufuma kwemfuneko embizeni;

• nangembabala ilanga - ekonakaleni kwingcambu ntyatyambo ikhola kunye ukubonakala akhanya phezu kwegqabi, nto leyo ebangelwa ngundo ingena ziingcambu okanye izilonda kwezikhondo. nangembabala ingozi kukuba imingxunya azinze kuloo mhlaba, ngokunjalo kuphela ukhetho kukuba ukutshabalalisa izityalo kunye nzala embizeni. Ukuthintela isahlakalo lwesifo krakra kufanele zongezwe ukugcina umhlaba kunye superphosphate ukufuma hayi ngaphezulu kwe-60% kwi gumbi;
• ngumngundo Grey, nto leyo ibangelwa ngundo Botrytis, kubonakala izimvi-brown patina kuzo zonke iindawo aphezulu zesityalo; kwandule ke ukubola kunye nokufa ntyatyambo. Mkhuhlane idla ithi ne lomhlaba, ngoko phambi kokutyala kwisityalo ngasinye Kucetyiswa ukuba ngumkhenkce umhlaba efrijini, waza wayinkcenkcesha nesisombululo manganese. Zonke izigulane ze imfuneko atshabalalise nemisonto kunye njengezibulali inkqubo yezityalo. Ukuthintela isifo, oko kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukunkcenkceshelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye lobushushu drop elibukhali kwi gumbi.

izinambuzane ntyatyambo

Izinambuzane ziqhelekileyo echaphazela senpolii:

• izinambuzane isikali - amagqabi ebetha amadiza abatsha, deforming yaye ebangela ukubonakala amabala abomvu; kubo, kuyanceda yosetyenziso "aktellik" okanye "fitoverm";
• Iintwala zikholisa ebengene endlwini, evela kuyo iintyatyambo okutsha, izinambuzane zidla yayisel 'ityatyambile usebenzisa isityalo incindi ukutya; lahla iintwala, kufuneka usebenzise "Moskpilan" okanye "aktellik";
• ngeetikhi (iintlobo ezininzi) - ezonakalisa amagqabi abaselula ukujongana nazo izityalo baphathwa "Akarinom", "fitoverm" kunye nabanye.

Ntyatyambo okanye Saintpaulia - imibala emihle kakhulu yaye ezahlukahlukeneyo iintlobo zezityalo zokuhomba eliye lakhula ngempumelelo kwi windowsills, abaninzi engahlawulwayo nobungcali nentyantyambo nokuhombisa.