Non-ezidakumbisayo kunye ezidakumbisayo analgesics: indlela amanyathelo kunye nesicelo

Analgesics - oku kuthetha ukuba buthathaka okanye susa kuyabuya iintlungu gama kugcinwe sezingqondweni kunye nezinye iintlobo-ethe. ubuhlungu Physiologically kwenzeka ngenxa excitation njalo kuxokwa nociceptors, leyo abekiwe kakhulu eluswini, inwebu yangaphakathi kunye imifinya serous, kwaye Ebubanzini amalungu kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. ezenza Pain sichulumancile ngenxa iikhemikhali emzimbeni (mechanical, thermal, umbane, njl njl) kunye zithe zadala (asidi, iziseko, iityuwa heavy metal, phenol, njalo njalo) kunye imiba iqala iiproteins indalo (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin).

Ngenxa yoko, iintlungu yindlela komzimba ukwenza izinto zesimo i ukungalingani emzimbeni, ngoko ke, into zokhuselo. Kodwa intlungu sinamandla kakhulu kwaye ingapheliyo lwezidumbu, njengoko icekethekise umzimba, aphazamise umsebenzi wamalungu zibalulekile kwaye ungaze ekufeni ngenxa yokothuka. Ukusuka lo mbono, ezo analgesics iqela ibaluleke kakhulu, yaye ngokwembali na impumelelo ebalulekileyo yoluntu.

Ukunciphisa okanye ukunqanda intlungu kunokuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kakhulu ngempumelelo ezinkulu - kukususa unobangela, leyo, ngelishwa, akusoloko kusenzeka, ngenxa yokuba akukho kusoloko nako ukuchonga oko ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke badla kufuneka soyise okwethutyana intlungu usebenzisa imithi zamaqela ezahlukeneyo imithi. Ukulungiselela le njongo umntu ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, angeva zintlungu, cholinolytic, spasmolytics, anticonvulsants, astringents, iindlela inwenwa.

Indlela emi ngayo inkqubo luvo, imvelaphi kunye imichiza nohlobo analgesics bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: ezidakumbisayo and non-ezidakumbisayo.

analgesics ezidakumbisayo - ukuba umlaliso kunye iziyobisi kuba nemiphumo efanayo. Bona ebonakala, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, nefuthe abayinqobo kwisistim luvo. Ukubonisa i ndlela iintlungu, ingakumbi kwiimeko non-ukudumba (xa umothuko omkhulu, nangezilonda amabi). Opioid isizathu iyaphindwa ulawulo kwizigulane kunye nengqondo ngokwasemzimbeni. Iziyobisi kweli qela landa iintlungu threshold uvakalelo. oogqirha ezinjalo amisele analgesics ukujongana iintlungu eziqatha phambi ukutsha, ukonzakala, njl Kwakhona, la machiza lalathelwe izigulane kunye neoplasms unresectable amabi. analgesics ezidakumbisayo lula nezengqondo yesigulana. La machiza kufuneka sisetyenziselwe ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine, kungenjalo kukho ayiyekeki, yaye abantu baba ngamakhoboka.

analgesics ezidakumbisayo (umlaliso) iqulathe sezakhi ngaphezulu kwama-30 kunye nezinye izinto, eziquka iikhabhohayidrethi, iiprotheni, lipids, yencindi, iityuwa ezimbiwa, njl Umlaliso iqulethe icaffeine (12%), narcotine (10%), codeine (3-5%) kunye papeverina (1%).

analgesics ezidakumbisayo: amachiza kakhulu ethandwa

Phakathi isiphumo ezidakumbisayo ithetha ebaluleke kakhulu hydrochloride morphine, codeine phosphate, eyomileyo luthathe umlaliso, hydrochloride ethylmorphine (dionin), tincture of umlaliso elula, promedol, omnopon et al.

analgesics Non-ezidakumbisayo - ziimali ebonisa iintlungu, kwaye antipyretic isiphumo antivovospalitelnoe. Ngokungafaniyo iziyobisi, banciphisa okanye kuphele iintlungu ezinxulumene neenkqubo ukudumba kwamalunga, ithambo, izihlunu kunye nezinye zomzimba (neuralgia, kwimisipha articular bli, samathambo, izilonda wamazinyo, njalo njalo). Oku kubonisa ukuba isiseko analgesia sisiphumo anti-ukudumba. Ukongeza, analgesics ezingezo-ezidakumbisayo musa ukuba isiphumo thile wobuzwe, musa abayithintelayo ukukhohlela, kunye namaziko sokuphefumla.

Ezibaluleke kakhulu lweprakhthikhali isiphumo antipyretic of analgesics non-ezidakumbisayo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukunyuka ubushushu bomzimba kuzo izifo ngenxa isenzo kwezinto pyrogenic (imveliso hydrolysates protein, acid, nucleic, iityhefu ngeentsholongwane, njl njl) interoreceptors ezithumela excitation kwiziko thermoregulatory. iziko thermoregulation yimincili, ukutshintsha ngobunzulu okanye amandla neenkqubo zokuvelisa ubushushu transfer nobushushu, ikhuthaza nokushisa umzimba ine ezikhuselayo ebalulekileyo. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko komzimba unakho ukufikelela kwinqanaba eyingozi ubomi umzimba, kwaye ibakhusela ngesimilo sakhe iba yezifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe antipyretics.

analgesics Non-ezidakumbisayo: yokuhlela

Xa kuqwalaselwa isakhiwo eekhemikhali iziyobisi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezininzi: yezabelo of salicylic acid (imethyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid okanye aspirin), pyrazolone (analgin, phenylbutazone, phenazone), isitanza sama-aminophenol (acetaminophen), ii-asidi acetic indole (indomethacin), propionic acid (naproxen, ketoprofen), ii-asidi anthranilic (mefenamic acid kunye flufenamic) pirrolizinkarboksilovoy acid (ketorolac).

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, siye ukuhlinzeka elinye iqela ntlungu - analgesics non-steroidal. Indlela uthandwayo eli qela zezi: piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin. indlela yazo yokusebenza kubandakanya evalela i Yindibanisela enzyme - cyclooxygenase. Le enzyme ukhuthaza ukuyilwa prostaglandins - mediators ezinkulu intlungu abasabela arhabaxa. Kwakhona, nokwabiwa ezi mali kuvala bradykinin, leyo inxaxheba okuvela kunye nokusasazwa iintlungu kunye nokudumba.