Nkqubo Fiscal: eluncedo kunye nengeloncedo ukuphunyezwa kwayo

nkqubo Fiscal - nkqubo karhulumente entsimini kweerhafu, ekufuneka ijoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezinxulumene nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kunye ingqesho epheleleyo, kwakunye ukuhlangabezana nemingeni ebekwe yi-nkqubo kwesakhiwo, ezentlalo kunye rhoqo.

Ngenxa yoko ukusebenza kwawo kukho utshintsho olukhulu inkcitho kunye nengeniso-mali karhulumente. Ezi meko enokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yeenguqu imeko yezoqoqosho (ngaphandle utshintsho ezizodwa mthetho) kunye enkosi kwimisebenzi okunenjongo amabini amasebe karhulumente. Oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoqoqosho iintlobo-nkqubo karhulumente yahlulwe efihlakeleyo and non-ngengqiqo.

nkqubo efihlakeleyo angamelwa ngohlobo utshintsho zomthetho kwinkqubo irhafu kunye inkcitho karhulumente ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo ukufezekisa iinjongo eziphambili Uqoqosho lwesizwe.

Izixhobo ephambili yolu hlobo ziquka:

- Adjustment yengeniso yerhafu ngokuguqula inani irhafu kunye rates zabo. Ngoko ke, ukutshintsha izinga lerhafu, urhulumente kuphunyezwa ngokucutha khomiwa ingeniso ngexesha recession okanye ukuhla ngongeniselo ngexesha kukunyuka okukhwankqisayo ekujongeni ireyithi ingeniso. Esi sixhobo isetyenziswa ekulweni kwamaxabiso.

- Ukubonelela abantu abangaphangeliyo kunye nomsebenzi. Ngezimali imisebenzi kwenziwa ikakhulu-mali karhulumente.

- Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezifana zentlalo njengoko intlawulo yepenshoni abadala kunye nokukhubazeka, kunye nesibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, mali ukuhlawulela imfundo, njl Ezi nkqubo zinika nokuzinziswa uqoqosho kwi ngumtshangatshangiso-ezifana oscillations ezahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni lizwe.

Umgaqo-Non-efihlakeleyo yezemali isekelwe phezu ukuzalana iingeniso zerhafu kunye neenkcitho yombuso kunye umsebenzi kwicandelo loshishino, kwakunye neenguqu iimeko zoqoqosho. Le intsebenziswano wenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo yaye ngoko nangoko kuboniswe ubunzima ezithile serhafu kwicala ingeniso ye-lwabiwo ezinxulumene neendleko kwimisitho zentlalo kwicala inkcitho. Oku kuboniswa umzekelo irhafu yengeniso labantu. Eneneni, ukwanda kwengeniso evela kweli nqaku, kwandisa ngokuzenzekelayo isixa nokungasebenzi. Xa kukho ukuhla kwiinkqubo noqoqosho lweli lizwe imivuzo wancipha kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuncitshiswa ingeniso yerhafu esuka kwimivuzo mali (irhafu yengeniso sithathwa kwisikali okuqhubekayo iintlawulo). Ngenxa yoko kweerisithi asezantsi irhafu ibonakala intsilelo mali, nto leyo yisathelayithi ukuhla kwimveliso.

zombuso nga zihlelwe kunye nezinye izizathu - ekhuthazayo okanye ubezivingcile kanye. Ngenxa yoko, zivuse nkqubo isebenza ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho jikelele kwaye icebisa ukuhliswa kwerhafu esibukhali kwaye inkcitho karhulumente bayanda ezikhokelela ukuvela yokushota mali. nkqubo Contractionary zombuso ingasetyenziswa ngamaxesha kwamaxabiso ophezulu, kwaye kubenza irhafu kunye sinciphise inkcitho karhulumente. Ngokutsho neziphumo ukuphunyezwa kwayo kukho logqithiso ezinokusetyenziswa ukuze uhlawule ityala likarhulumente.

Xa kuhlolwa ukusebenza-nkqubo icacisa eziliqela axhasayo kuphela ukusetyenziswa lalo, ezizezi:

- ukungalingani elibukhali kubume yenkcitho karhulumente (umzekelo, imfuno mali eyongezelelweyo ukwenzela ubuchule ukuziphendulela karhulumente, ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo kunye nophando lwenzululwazi) musa ukuvumela ukuba isicelo ngempumelelo ekuququzeleleni lungumqobo endleni-nkqubo;

- ukusebenza Uphakamileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo-nkqubo karhulumente zingafezekiswa kuphela kwixesha elifutshane;

- kukho isiphumo lag: imfuno zatrachivaniya ixesha elongeziweyo ukuze zokwamkelwa ummiselo, emva kokuba bangene amandla ukuba iziphumo ezakhayo kwenzeka kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.

Noko ke, ukusebenza eliphezulu nkqubo karhulumente lunokufikelelwa ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunye ne-lawulo wemali.