Ngendlela etenxileyo kunye neentlobo zayo. Izinto ezibangela ngendlela etenxileyo

uluntu ngamnye izithethe zayo zentlalo okanye imigaqo apho ubomi. Baya bangathunyelwa imithetho ongabhalwanga ezibonisa uhlobo yokuziphatha kwabantu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela le mimiselo ithathwa njenge unxaxho lwentlalo, ekwabizwa ngokuba kutenxa kokumiselweyo. Le nto ingabonwa kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala zonke, nahlala ukuziphatha etenxileyo kukwaphulwa komthetho kunye nemigangatho ezikhoyo eluntwini. Kodwa ngaphaya koko, ukuba kugqalwa intuthuko yomphakathi ifumana ibinzana kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu mass ayiyithobeli imithetho yokuziphatha emva emfihlekweni.

Apho wafunda ngendlela etenxileyo kunye neentlobo zayo? inzululwazi Social - umxholo sazi abafundi ingcaciso lwenzululwazi eli abanawo.

Le ngcamango

Ngelishwa, akukho kuluntu enjalo, onke amalungu ziza kulandela mimiselo jikelele. Abakhoyo ukuziphatha Like kunye neentlobo zayo iza ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngoko ke, abantu kunye nezigulo zokuziphatha ziquka mthetho kunye hermits, abaphila kunye buchopho, abangcwele njalo njalo. D.

Zokuhamba ukuziphatha na uhlobo lokuziphatha ayinayo imvume eluntwini. Ngawo onke amaxesha kwakukho nzima ukuphelisa iindlela engathandekiyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu kunye nabakhi zabo. Kule meko, siza kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo neendlela ukuba zihambelana ezikhoyo kweli lizwe ubudlelwane zentlalo-qoqosho, amazinga, kwakunye neemfuno elite sigqibo.

ngendlela etenxileyo neentlobo zayo ebesoloko kwatsala umdla abaphandi.

Indima eluntwini

Zokuhamba ukuziphatha na uhlobo lokuziphatha nendalo ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, oko usongela ukulahleka uzinzo entlalweni. Kwelinye - oku ugcina uzinzo. Oku kuchazwe njani? Utyando ngempumelelo kwezakhiwo zonke kwezentlalo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukuqinisekisa umyalelo noqikeleleko kule ukuziphatha onke amalungu oluntu. Umntu ngamnye kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba baziphathe ngayo abanye abantu yaye yintoni uhlobo lokuziphatha nekulindeleke ukuba kuye.

Noko ke, kukho lempucuko kuyo yonke indawo. Baye imithetho yabo yokungena bangquzulane nokuziphatha yamkelwe. ecaleni enjalo ingqalelo iqela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha igalelo kuphuhliso ngakumbi uluntu.

Iintlobo zokuziphatha lokungaziphathi

Maxa wambi umntu iphula izithethe zentlalo kuphela ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha. Le ukuziphatha ubizwa kokushenxa ephambili. Uhlobo lwesibini kweekhonsepthi - secondary. Kulo mzekelo, umntu wamkela izenzo brand yaye uvakalelwa ukuba iphathwa kungekhona nabanye abantu.

ngendlela etenxileyo isoloko iphula imigaqo yokuziphatha yaye kunokuba komdlali ngamnye kunye. Uhlobo lokuqala rhoqo ecaleni baguqula yesibini ibe. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu amaninzi phantsi kwempembelelo subculture mthetho kwezo ndidi zabantu abakwazi kubuphepha ukuba benze izenzo etenxileyo, oko kukuthi, basengozini.

Iintlobo zokuziphatha lokungaziphathi

ihloniphekile:

- izenzo delinkvetnye ukuba abe uqhelaniso ngokukhawuleza anti-zentlalo, nto leyo lichazele yayo kakhulu baba setyala kwindalo;

- ukuziphatha sazo, injongo kukuyeka yokwenene ngokusebenzisa into okanye nitrogen ngokugqithisileyo kumsebenzi othile;

- izenzo patoharakterologicheskie leyo zibangelwa utshintsho lwezidumbu ngokulwa, ukuba indawo iziphene yemfundo;

- ukuziphatha psychopathological ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;

- izenzo ezisekelwe gipersposobnostyah yabantu, ebonakalaliswe onesiphiwo okanye buchopho.

ngendlela etenxileyo neentlobo zayo unokuba nodidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokunxulumene kubo uluntu ngendlela etenxileyo zezi:

1. ezivunyiweyo intlalo. Bona ochazwa ukuziphatha okunjalo bomntu, nto leyo HIV kwaye ijolise ekupheliseni imigangatho lixesha. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo lokungaziphathi ezinxulumene ubuchule eluntwini kwaye ikhuthaza utshintsho esemgangathweni yonke inkqubo loluntu. Umzekelo woku ngqondi, impumelelo kwezemidlalo, izenzo zobugorha kunye nabanezakhono zobunkokeli.

2. Maphakathi. Le ukuziphatha Like na uhlobo lokuziphatha ongavelisi esingenakubangela naliphi na inkxalabo kuluntu kwaye akukho isandla lutshintsho. Izenzo ezinjalo Like ziquka eyinqaba, kunye eyinqaba, umnqweno sekufika wonke kunye isimo sakhe kunye nefomu yokunxiba.

3. Social bengenakucikideka. Izenzo ezinjalo kuphambana kwaye disorganize inkqubo loluntu.

Uthwala iimpawu izoyikiso kunye kakuhle. izenzo Like ebuhlungu kuluntu. Ezi ziquka iindidi ezingaqhelekanga, kumenzakalisa na abantu kunye ubuntu. Bona kuchazwe ngendlela ezahlukeneyo izinto ezingekho mthethweni, ndlongondlongo kunye lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye butywala, ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, ukuzibulala, njl Ngoko ke, ukuba singavunyelwa ngokwentlalo zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo ngendlela etenxileyo: .. Yama, okufana.

Typology of Robert Merton

Ingcamango ngendlela etenxileyo ngentlonipho. Umzekelo, izaphuli bakholelwa ukuba imali - nto uhlobo eqhelekileyo umholo. Kodwa ke, kuba abantu abaninzi ukuziphatha okunjalo etenxileyo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwiintlobo ezithile izenzo zentlalo. Ezinye zazo ingqalelo izenzo, kunye nabanye - akukho.

Xa kwabantu owayephila zigqalwa lweentlobo eyaziwa kakhulu, iintlobo zokuziphatha lokungaziphathi, zihlelwa Robert Merton. A kudweliswe amagama yena ngokuhambelana izimvo kule nkqubo utshabalalisa izinto ezisisiseko inkcubeko, kuquka imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ngokusekelwe kule Merton ichonge iintlobo ezine zokutenxa, eziquka:

1. Innovation. Olu hlobo lokuziphatha kubandakanya ukulandelwa zonke iinjjongo inkampani, kodwa kuphika kwezi ndlela eyamkelweyo zokufikelela kuzo. Ngokuba izinto ziquka amahenyukazi kunye blackmailers, abaphengululi ezinkulu abaseki iiphiramidi zemali.

2. Zingenazithethe. Oku kuziphatha kungenxa ukukhanyela iinjongo angundoqo oluntu kunye engenangqondo yenkqubo zokufikelela kuzo. Umzekelo bureaucrat. Igosa kufuna Ukuzaliswa ngononophelo naluphi na uxwebhu, lalo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuzoba phezulu iikopi ezine, njl Olu hlobo umkhumbula ingongoma - .. Le njongo.

3. Retretizm. Oku akuthethi ukuba omnye, njengoko yokubalekela ukusuka ngokoqobo. Olu hlobo zokutenxa okuvakaliswa ngokukhatywa nje kuphela yeenjongo ezibalulekileyo ngokwentlalo, kodwa kwakhona kwi iindlela apho abantu abaqhelekileyo bafike. Olu hlobo nokuziphatha uphawu ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, iindlamanzi, kunye ng t. D.

4. Imvukelo. Oku kuziphatha negates injongo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni. Mvukeli ufuna kuyimisela ezintsha. Umzekelo iphawulekayo le - le nabavukeli.

Ekuphuhliseni yokwahlukanisa yayo Merton wagxininisa ukuba ukuziphatha etenxileyo kunye neentlobo zayo asingabo kwimveliso kubonisa isimo sengqondo esibi ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Ngapha koko, isela akagibi injongo yoluntu, njengoko izinto kakuhle-ntle. A izenzo bureaucrat awachasani imigaqo eyamkelekileyo umsebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, kukho kuzaliseka ngokoqobo, ukuya kufikelela kwinqanaba engenangqondo. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye kunye bureaucrat, kwaye isela ke deviants.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela ngendlela etenxileyo

Ingcaciso ngezenzeko lokungaziphathi zingasetwa. Ukuze uqonde ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni na iintlobo etenxileyo yokuziphatha. Kwaye isizathu kulo mzekelo kuya kuba lula kakhulu ukubona. Umzekelo, ukuba olungaka ubunxila kunye likhoboka neziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka engqondweni ayikho ngenxa imiba yezentlalo eziphilayo. Emveni onke la negative zidlulele kwabantwana ngabazali babo.

Xa kwabantu, kukho iindlela ezininzi, ngokoko athe, kwaye achaze izizathu ngendlela etenxileyo. Omnye kubo phambi kwimeko enjalo oluntu apho iinqobo ezindala kunye nezithethe ndize bangquzulane ubudlelwane ezikhoyo, kunye entsha kodwa. Kulo mzekelo, unobangela ngendlela etenxileyo na iinjongo oguquguqukayo, apho zibekwa phambili luluntu, yaye izibonelelo ezifumanekayo zokufikelela kuzo.

amakheswa xa

Esi sesinye sezizathu zokutenxa, esibonakala ukuqhawuka kwezentlalo. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo isithuba lokuqala lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Emva koko onxibelelwano kwezentlalo ezilahlekileyo, kwaye kwisigaba esilandelayo - okomoya.

Uphawu Uphawu lo ukuncitshiswa imicwe ebekiwe iimfuno zentlalo kunye nokulindelweyo. Ngenxa yoko kukho bubonke ngakumbi mveliso, indlu kunye nobomi base Moyeni.

leengxaki zasentlalweni

Le yenye udidi izizathu ukuziphatha kakubi. Yena abe nolwalamano olusondeleyo iziganeko ezifana nokuba likhoboka leziyobisi kweziyobisi kunye nokusela utywala, nokwanda kwenani zizifo zengqondo kunye ukuvuthuluka kwimpahla yemfuza kumalungu oluntu.

Anxibe nokungaqiniseki

Oku kuziphatha indlela ethile yokuphila. imbangela yayo ukwala ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi ukuze kuxhamle uluntu kunye ukusukela zengeniso unearned.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bokucela kunye nokungaqiniseki kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye ngokubanzi zahanjiswa. Noko ke, uluntu uzama ukulwa le meko eyingozi eluntwini. Ngenxa yokuba abantu badla ezifana kusebenza njengabalamli ekuthengisweni kweziyobisi, kwakunye zingebi kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho.

mkhuba

Amaxesha amaninzi ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi uba umnqweno ukuthintela ukungaphatheki yangaphakathi ekhoyo, kwakunye ukutshintsha imeko yabo kwezentlalo nasengqondweni, nto leyo kubonakaliswa ingxabano lwangaphakathi kunye iingxabano intrapersonal. Konke oku izenzo ayikhobokisi. Loo ndlela idla ezikhethwe ngabo abo bangenazo ithuba ngokusemthethweni for self-lokuphumeza, ogama somntu lowo zicinezelwa ngenxa yesikhundla egqubayo kuluntu, kunye neminqweno zobuqu evalekileyo rhoqo.

Abantu abanjalo ukuba umsebenzi uze utshintshe isimo sabo ekuhlaleni ekhoyo besebenzisa amajelo esemthethweni. Yiyo loo nto sikholelwa nesithethe ngokubanzi uluntu sikweni kunye nemvelo.

ukuziphatha ikakhulu negative

Kuluntu lwethu mihla, ukuziphatha etenxileyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi ibe esinengqiqo yingozi. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi ubuntu wamazwe othembela kwi lobungcali emsebenzini yaye hayi ukukholelwa ingozi okanye ikamva. Le ukhetho ngabom ngamnye, apho kunokuba self-lokuphumeza, self-utsho kunye self-actualization.

ngendlela etenxileyo of abafikisayo

Kuluntu mihla, ingxaki kanye ukungahoywa komntwana, ukuba likhoboka neziyobisi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. Kulo mba, kukho ukukhula kwinani elivisayo kunye ngendlela etenxileyo. Oku kunxaxha kwi yokuziphatha kwabantwana ngenxa yezopolitiko, yezentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo ukungazinzi, impembelelo nokukhula pseudo-inkcubeko, utshintsho nofundiso ixabiso ekhoyo osingelo-kolutsha usapho kunye kwisigaba basekhaya, ukungabikho kolawulo oko kukuthi ngenxa yengqesho esisigxina ngabazali, ubhubhane mtshato kunye neentsilelo kumsebenzi amaziko emfundo.

Iindidi eziphambili ngendlela etenxileyo phakathi olufikisayo, njengoko umthetho, zibonakaliswa iintlobo ezifana eziyobisi, autoagressive (ukuzibulala) kunye geteroagressivnaya.

Zeziphi ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi abantu abatsha? Zidweliswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. imfundo engalunganga elilungelelanisiweyo. Oku ngesiqhelo elivisayo ohlala kwikhaya elinjani. Emehlweni akhe kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwabazali, abo awunamdla kwihlabathi wangaphakathi. Ngamanye amaxesha ingxaki ifihlakeleyo kakhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ifumaneka kuphela emva kokuqalisa elivisayo ukuma ngenxa yokuziphatha yakhe embi.

2. izinto eziphilayo. Phakathi kwezi zizathu yabelwa lufuzo, leyo kunciphisa umsebenzi iindlela zokuzikhusela eyakuthi umsebenzi umda umntu. Lo mba uyakwazi ubonakala imibala ingqondo, ilifa iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga umlinganiswa, kwakunye ezifana nesenzeko ephambene butywala. Ukongeza, abafikisayo kunye nokuziphatha etenxileyo ityhila kwabuya kweeseli zengqondo, elisuke laba sisiphumo ezinye izifo ezinzulu, eziye zidluliselwe kubo besebancinane. Ezi zinto zibandakanya uhlobo kunye inkalo zebhayoloji elivisayo. Kule minyaka umntu ukukhula ngokukhawuleza buqala eziphilayo kwaye uzayo ekupheleni lokufikisa, ngokunjalo nokuphucula umsebenzi wamalungu ezininzi kunye neenkqubo, kuquka nenkqubo luvo.

3. izinto Mental. Xa elivisayo iphela kwaye ukuyilwa umlinganiswa yomntu. Ukutyeshelwa kwalo nkqubo maxa wambi kukhokelela kwinkcaso characterological ukuba aye ngaphaya nesithethe kuluntu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo: yoqhankqalazo esebenzayo (nokreqo, abahlukunyezwa); eyimpumelelo Uqhankqalazo (ukushiya ikhaya); nokuphepha esebenzayo nabo ngokoqobo; mbumbulu okanye bexelisa ukuziphatha kwabanye; wanomdla for self-Kuluvo ngokwesiseko ukwalela amava senior; overcompensation (izenzo yokuzibhubhisa) njenge indlela ukuzithethelela, iteyiphu yephepha ubuthathaka ubuntu.

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo ngendlela etenxileyo kunye nezizathu ezibangela oko.