Negazi: uluhlu kakhulu eziyingozi

negazi ziyingozi, kwande, yeyona nto inzima kuzo zonke asikuko nokuba kuyabulala. Kwakutheni ukuze ezimbi phantsi inkqubo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni, njengoko igazi? Izizathu zahlukile kakhulu, maxa wambi nkqu kuxhomekeka kuloo mntu kunye ne ngokuzalwa.

hematopathy

negazi baninzi kwaye ezahlukeneyo unemvelaphi. Bona enxulumene ngezifo ngesakhiwo kwiiseli okanye waphula imisebenzi yabo. Kwakhona, ezinye izifo kuchaphazela plasma - isabelo engamanzi, equlethe iiseli. Izifo igazi, uluhlu lwe nezizathu kwazo ziphicothwa oogqirha izazinzulu, abanye abazange bakwazi ukuchonga kude.

Iiseli - iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe neeplatelets. Iiseli ezibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu egazini - mpilo ukuba nezihlunu izibilini. Leukocytes - iiseli ezimhlophe - usulelo umlo kunye kwamagciwane nghena umzimba. Zegazi - iiseli ezingenambala elijongene amahlwili. Plasma - protein, ulwelo viscous, equlethe egazi. Ngenxa inkqubo ebalulekileyo esebenza yokujikeleza, izifo igazi le nxalenye kakhulu yingozi kwaye kunzima ukunyanga.

Ukuhlelwa Izifo inkqubo yokujikeleza

izifo egazini, nto leyo uluhlu elikhulu ngokwaneleyo lungohlulwa lube ngokwamaqela ukuya kwindawo yabo ukwabiwa:

• Anemia. Condition amanqanaba athwala pathologically ephantsi (eli candelo erythrocyte uthwala oksijini).
• diathesis sophele - ukopha iingxaki.
• ezinezigulo Hematological (Oncology ezinxulumene izitshanguba kwiiseli, iindawo nkovu okanye lomongo wethambo).
• Ezinye izifo akazalani bathathu ngasentla.

Le ngezigaba jikelele, ukuba uyavumelana sifo ngokusekelwe koko iiseli zinxulumene iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo. Iqela ngalinye liqulathe izifo igazi ezininzi, uluhlu zifakiwe kwi-International Classification yezifo.

Uluhlu nezifo ezichaphazela igazi

Ukuba zikho zonke izifo egazini, uluhlu omkhulu. Ahluke izizathu bembonakalo yayo emzimbeni, ezi nkcukacha umonakalo yeseli, iimpawu kunye nezinye izinto. Igazi - le ngezifo ixhaphakileyo ochaphazela iiseli ezibomvu. Iimpawu ze igazi - ukunciphisa inani iiseli ezibomvu kunye mpilo. Isizathu soku kungancitshiswa imveliso yabo okanye ilahleko igazi enkulu. Hemoblastosis - uninzi eli qela kwezifo abahlala wegazi, okanye leukemia - umhlaza yegazi. Xa inkqubo iiseli nezifo similise ukubunjwa amabi. Unobangela sifo ayide icace. Lymphoma - Umhlaza njenge sifo, iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo uthathe indawo kwinkqubo emithanjeni, zibe ngumhlaza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Ezigula - umhlaza yegazi apho plasma ukubandezeleka. syndromes sophele kwesi sifo ezinxulumene ingxaki ekunqandeni. Ngokusisiseko, ukuba isegazini, ezifana kubazali bakhe. Kubonakaliswa ukopha kwamalunga, izihlunu kunye nezibilini. Agammaglobulinemia - intswelo ilifa iiproteni serum plasma. Ihlaba ekuthiwa izifo lwenkqubo yemfundo igazi, uluhlu iquka izifo ezichaphazela iinkqubo ezizodwa emzimbeni (ugonyiwe, emithanjeni) okanye umzimba wonke.

anaemia

Qwalasela enxulumene ngezifo kwezifo ze erythrocytes yegazi (list). Forms ezivame:

• Thalassemia - yaphula izinga mpilo.
• igazi komzimba hemolytic - ibangelwa igciwane lohlobo, negcushuwa. Drug nonautoimmune igazi hemolytic - ngenxa eziyityhefu utywala, iinyoka ityhefu, izinto eziyityhefu.
• Ayoni anemia - kwenzeka xa ukungabikho yentsimbi emzimbeni, okanye ukulahleka igazi engapheliyo.
• B12-intswelo anemia. Isizathu - ukunqongophala vitamin B12 ngenxa inani eyoneleyo yokutya okanye kukwaphula nokwenziwa yakhe. Isiphumo - yaphula inkqubo luvo kunye phecana zesisu.
• Folievodefitsitnoy igazi - kwenzeka ngenxa intswelo folate.
• Irhengqa-cell anemia - iiseli ezibomvu begazi zimile irhengqa, esi sifo kakhulu njengelifa. Isiphumo - linyuke flow kwegazi, senyongo.
• Idiopathic igazi aplastic - ukunqongophala yethishyu, ukuzala iiseli igazi. Kunokwenzeka ngexesha zokukhanya.
• polycythemia Family - isifo njengelifa ebalasele ukwanda kwenani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Diseases Ileukemia Group

Oku ikakhulu izifo oncological egazini, uludwe ixhaphakileyo iquka iintlobo leukemias. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini - etsolo (inani elikhulu leseli umhlaza, imisebenzi bangenzi) kunye ezigulo ezondeleyo (iiseli zegazi olucothayo imisebenzi yenziwa).

Acute leukemia myeloid - ukugxojwa kwi kulwahlulo iiseli lomongo wethambo, ekukhuleni kwabo. Kuxhomekeka kwisimo esi sifo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo wegazi ludlule:

• ngaphandle nokwanda;
• nokwanda;
• promyelocytic;
• myeloblastic;
• monoblastny;
• erythroblast;
• megacaryoblastic;
• lymphoblastic T-iseli;
• lymphoblastic B-iseli;
• panmieloleykoz.

iintlobo Chronic wegazi:

• leukemia myelogenous;
• erythromyelosis;
• leukemia monocytic;
• leukemia megakaryocytic.

Zithathelwa ingqalelo le fomu ikhankanywe ngasentla ezingapheliyo kwesi sifo.

Disease Letterer-uTsibha - ukuntshula iiseli zamajoni omzimba kwiindawo ezininzi, imvelaphi sifo akaziwa.

syndrome Myelodysplastic - iqela izifo ezichaphazela wamathambo, eziquka, umzekelo, myelosis subleukemic.

syndromes sophele

• Esasaziweyo coagulation intravascular (DIC) - sifo ezifunyenwe luphawulwa ukwanda igazi ekunqandeni kunye thrombus Ukwakheka.
• isifo sophele usana - ukungabi naso na into ekunqandeni ngenxa ukuswela vitamin K.
• Ukuswela izinqumisi - izinto ezifumaneka kwi-plasma yegazi, ubukhulu becala ziquka ziiproteni ukunika ekunqandeni igazi. Yaba Iintlobo 13.
• Idiopathic purpura thrombocytopenic (isifo purpura thrombocytopenic). Luphawulwa amabala ulusu ngenxa ukopha ngaphakathi. Ezinxulumene zegazi eliphantsi.

Kuzoyisa zonke iiseli igazi

• lymphohistiocytosis Hemophagocytic. isifo Onge ngesimilo yemfuza. Ngenxa ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli igazi lymphocyte kunye macrophage. inkqubo yezifo kwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ngenxa yolusu ochaphazelekayo, imiphunga, isibindi, udakada, ingqondo.
• syndrome Hemophagocytic okubangelwa usuleleko.
• isifo osebenzayo. Kubonakaliswa weseli ukufa, abakulo inkqubo sisahlula.
• igazi Aplastic - ukuhla kwamanani zonke iiseli zegazi. Okunxulumene ukufa leseli umongo wethambo.

nezifo ezosulelayo

negazi Cause kuba usulelo abangena umzimba. Yintoni na izifo ezosulelayo egazini? Uluhlu kakhulu eqhelekileyo:

• Malaria. Usulelo lwenzeka xa yingcongconi ezilumayo. Iqumrhu engena kwi Cya kuchaphazela erythrocytes, leyo ngenxa zitshatyalalisiwe, ngaloo ndlela ebangela umonakalo enyama yangaphakathi, ifiva, kuthibaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo efumaneka kule ndawo.
• Nokudumba - eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo egazini ebangelwe kwii iintsholongwane zibe egazini kukuninzi. Nokudumba kubangelwa nezifo ezininzi - a seswekile, izifo ezondeleyo, izifo enyama yangaphakathi, ukwenzakala kunye amanxeba. Le esingcono nokudumba - nezifo elungileyo.

iimpawu

Iimpawu imifuziselo negazi - ukudinwa, ukuphelelwa umoya, isiyezi, sinciphise ukutya, tachycardia. Xa igazi ngenxa ukopha kwenzeka nesiyezi, buthathaka kakhulu, isicaphucaphu, niphele. Ukuba sithetha izifo ezosulelayo egazini, uluhlu iimpawu na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: fever, kuthibaza, ukurhawuzelela, ukungabi namdla. Ekubeni ke ixesha elide kwesi sifo waphawula umzimba. amatyala ndakugwenxa incasa kunye asijoje ngezinye, njengoko kwi-anaemia B12-ngxaki, umzekelo. Kukho iintlungu emathanjeni xa icinezelwe (ngokuba wegazi), iindawo ezandisiweyo nkovu, iintlungu kwi ekunene okanye hypochondrium ekhohlo (wesibindi udakada). Kwezinye iimeko, kwamaqhakuvana kakhulu eluswini, wopha impumlo. Kumanqanaba okuqala izifo egazini kunokuba kungabikho iimpawu.

unyango

izifo egazini zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngoko unyango kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko emva kokuxilongwa. isifo ngamnye iimpawu zayo ezithile, ngoko ke unyango inikwa kwimeko nganye lwabo. Unyango lwezifo yendalo oncological, ezifana wegazi, ngokusekelwe ichemotherapy. Ezinye zonyango - gazi, ukwehla yokudla. Xa unyango lomhlaza usebenzisa igazi abohlukeneyo kweeseli stem zivela lomongo wethambo okanye igazi. Le ndlela entsha yokujongana sifo kunceda ukubuyisela amajoni omzimba yaye, ukuba akunjalo ukoyisa ukugula, okanye ubuncinane ukwandisa ubomi umguli. Ukuba uvavanyo zikuvumela ukuba ukujonga igazi yomguli apho izifo ezosulelayo, uluhlu iinkqubo ezijolise ikakhulu ekuyekisweni gciwane. Apha kuza kumnceda antibiotics.

izizathu

izifo igazi Abaninzi, uluhlu mkhulu. izinto zabo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, izifo ezinxulumene ne ingxaki igazi ekunqandeni, zidla ilifa. Bona sifo kubantwana abaselula. Zonke Izifo ezosulelayo egazini, uludwe ebandakanya seengcongconi, ngegcushuwa kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela asulelekileyo eendaba. Oku kube isinambuzane okanye omnye umntu, naye ngesondo. izifo Oncological ezifana wegazi, zoba umyalezo ezingaziwayo. izifo igazi Cause nako kuba imitha, ezinemitha okanye ityhefu ityhefu. Anaemia kunokwenzeka ngenxa ukutya kakuhle, nto leyo ayinikeli izinto eziyimfuneko kunye neevithamini umzimba.