Adenoma le ingaba amathe: oonobangela, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Bambalwa ucinga ingaba amathe. Ngoxa lenza rhoqo nemisebenzi yayo kwaye oko kubangela ukungakhululeki, ayenzi ukunikela ingqalelo kakhulu. Adenoma kwamadlala amathe isenokwahluka kubume histological kunye morphological. Bona, njengezinye neziqu ezi okubulalayo ebubonisayo. yamathumba ebubonisayo zikhula kunokuba ngokucotha, kwaye musa ukubonisa ngokwabo kabi okanye ezinye iimpawu. yamathumba yingozi ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, zibonelela nokuhlolwa Amalungu nezihlunu angabamelwane, eyethisa kunye nokwenzakala luvo yobuso.

definition

Uphi na le ndlala amathe? Kuqala kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iplagi alveolar umzimba serous, ibekwe phantsi kwesikhumba kwaye phantsi phambi indlebe. Owona msebenzi wayo yeyona secretion kunye beqokelela mathe. Isixa esikhulu engamanzi sodium kunye potassium kloride, ngokunjalo amylase. Idala emlonyeni medium asidi kunye pH ephantsi kwe 6. Ngokuba imini zombini amadlala na inokwabela ukuya kwisiqingatha yelitha mathe.

Amathe ndlala adenoma - a neoplasms ingozi, aphakathi, okanye yingozi, apho ukusekwa encinane okanye enkulu kwamadlala amathe. Phakathi kwazo zonke iinkqubo neoplastic kwi iqhezu kwamadlala amathe akhawunti malunga elinye ekhulwini. Oku oyintsobi kunokuba phezulu. Nguqu maluqale na ubudala, kodwa kaninzi oku kwenzeka iminyaka phakathi nabadala (iminyaka 40-60), kunye nabafazi kabini rhoqo kunabantu.

Neoplasms ezithandwa yobubi, ukuphinda kunye Ukudlulela, ngoko, oko umdla bamazinyo kunye noogqirha ngomlomo.

izizathu

Kutheni kukho adenoma le nobubovu amathe, kude kube sekupheleni ayaziwa. Xa Ingqikelelo lonyango ukuba imbonakalo yamathumba esinxulunyaniswa Unxunguphalo kwindawo eyandulela okanye izifo ukudumba, kwakunye onoqwilikana (mumps). Kodwa asingabo bonke izigulane waba imbali lwamatyala ezifanayo.

Abanye abaphengululi bathi unobangela yamathumba amathe ndlala inokuba kwizihlunu ekuboneni naso. Kwakhona, musa zingalujongi ezi iintsholongwane oncogenic ezifana Epstein - Barr virus, cytomegalovirus (ingakumbi 16, 18, 31 no-32 iklasi th) kunye ne-herpes virus simplex.

Le nto ke ayithethi zonke iimeko, apho elo nxeba amathe gland adenoma. Izizathu kucelwa ngokohlobo ubomi bomntu kufuneka (ukuhlafuna icuba okanye iziyobisi), ikhaya layo kunye nomsebenzi (exposure ilanga ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuba sesichengeni rhoqo intloko entanyeni therapy radiation kwi thymus okanye lengqula disease). Ekukholelwa ukuba ngezifo ezinxulumene cholesterol okwandileyo, ukungabikho kweevithamini kwi ekutyeni kunye neengxaki hormone.

Kukholelwa ukuba abasebenzi olusemngciphekweni iinkuni, intsimbi kunye noshishino chemical (yokulahlwa kwe iityuwa heavy metal), beenwele.

ngezigaba TNM

Kuba lula kwi isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwe adenoma ye esinobubovu amathe kusetyenziswa Ukuhlelwa zamazwe ngamazwe lula inkcazelo nqanaba lenkqubo:

1. T (tumor) - ubukhulu ithumba:
   - T0 - ukuchonga adenomas azikwazanga;
   - T1 - neoplasms ubukhulu ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm;
   - T2 - ubudeki 4 cm, kodwa hayi ngaphaya zokuphuma ndlala;
   - T3 - ukusonjululwa cm-4 ukuya ku-6, luvo yobuso ke ayibhuqwanga;
   - T4 - sangqa engaphezu kwama-6 cm, sinabele izihlunu ezikufutshane, oko kuchaphazela luvo cranial.
2. N (nodes) - zommandla kwiindawo nkovu:
   - N0 - akukho metastases;
   - N1 - wambetha omnye node ukudumba ku-3 cm;
   - N2 - wabetha iindawo eziliqela, ubungakanani ithumba - ukususela-3 ukuya kwezi-6 cm;
   - N3 - wabetha iindawo ezininzi, nangezilonda ubukhulu - ngaphezu kwe-6 cm.
3. M (Ukudlulela) - metastases:
   - M0 - No metastases akude;
   - M1 - kukho metastases ezikude.

Le nkqubo wakwazi lula uxilongo kunye ALS kwesi sifo. Kwaye ikhowudi oluza kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kuyo naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini.

yokwahlukanisa morphological

Adenoma of the ingaba parotid ke iintlobo ezininzi, ezahlukeneyo kubume histological and morphological:

1. ithumba Epithelial. Kunokuba iphuhlisa nezihlunu zombini amadlala ezinkulu nezincinane amathe. Luphawulwa ukukhula epithelium kwi mithambo ye imibhobho ngohlobo papillae, kribroznyh kunye tubular izakhiwo.
2. adenoma Monomorphic. yamathumba ebubonisayo yakhiwa kwithishyu glandular. Phuhlisa engaqapheleki, ingakumbi amadoda amakhulu. It has a ngeenxa okanye seqanda uzinzo ilastiki.
3. Adenolymphoma ulandela on morphology monomorphic adenoma, kodwa ngaphakathi amadlala kwakhona uqulathe nkovu.
4. adenoma Sebaceous - echazwe ngokucacileyo ithumba kwakheka kwiindawo zokubeka ezininzi iiseli esinganyangekiyo sebaceous. Oku uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa nanini na ubudala. Elula, uye umbala elityheli. Emva ukususwa zange ukupha Ukudlulela.
5. adenoma Canalicular ubunjwe iiseli prismatic epithelial, ezo eziqokelelwe ube zizithungu. I-avareji yobudala izigulane olu hlobo ithumba - kwiminyaka engama-65. Ukongeza adenoma amathe ndlala kuchaphazela Umlebe ngakumbi aphezulu ezidleleni.
6. iseli adenoma Uhlobo Lokuqala. Ingozi equka cell carcinomas. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-tight iqhina encinane emhlophe. Akunamsebenzi ziyabuya kunye maligneziruetsya.
7. adenoma Pleomorphic kwamadlala amathe zikhula zibe ubungakanani enkulu, zazihamba kunye ashinyeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ingozi, kodwa kwi zigaba kamva zingavela iiseli amabi. Ngaphakathi ngokwayo iqulathe ulwelo kunye fibroblasts. ISADC unyango ngotyando, kodwa ngenxa kufuphi oogqirha luvo yobuso inokuba iingxaki.

iimpawu

adenoma ebubonisayo le ingaba parotid uvela kancinane kakhulu, maxa wambi iminyaka. Akunamsebenzi esingenakubangela naliphi na iimvakalelo luluvo, kodwa oko kwenza ngexesha azilingani umntu. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba ukuya kwagqirha. Emva ukususwa yamathumba ezinjalo ziphinde zenzeke-6 ekhulwini amatyala. Ukuba Ithumba ifumaneka kufutshane pharyngeal nakumlibo parotid nobubovu, oko kunokubangela ukuba kophulwa kukuginya, iintlungu idubule lockjaw ukuhlafuna izihlunu.

ntoni adenoma eliphakathi le amathe ndlala njani? iimpawu zayo ezifanayo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo nangezilonda ebubonisayo nesibuhlungu. Lubonakala kukukhula infiltrative olukhawulezayo, oko utshabalalisa esikule ngeenxa zonke. Kunokuba ziyabuya futhi ukunika metastases ezikude emiphungeni kunye ithambo.

yamathumba amabi, kwenzeka zombini ngokuzimeleyo emva inguqu ebulalayo yamathumba ebubonisayo. Ikhule ngokukhawuleza ukungena kwi esikule ejikelezileyo. Ulusu phezu ithumba ebomvu, eshushu kunye nexesha. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izilonda. Luphawulwa ziintlungu, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela izihlunu masticatory, nande kwiindawo kunye nobukho metastases nkovu angabamelwane.

ekuxilongweni

yamathumba amathe ndlala ngempela nje. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba ahlole wamazinyo yakho somdlavuza, ukuqokelela izikhalazo kwaye ufumanise imbali sifo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe morphology le ithumba, ubungakanani bayo, consistency ukuhamba.

Ukususela uphando instrumental kuthwalelwa ukhakhayi ray, ultrasound amathe kwamadlala ptyalography (jonga ndlala wobisi patency) kunye sialostsintigrafiya (kuba efumanise of metastases ezikude). Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa uthathwa kwenzakalani esinobubovu elandelwa smear kunye inyama biopsy zokufunda histological kunye zophendlo lwezifo.

Ukucacisa ukwanda inkqubo kusenokufuneka CT amathe nobubovu, isifuba X-reyi okanye amathambo ngamnye.

Unyango yamathumba ebubonisayo

Ukuba umntu efunyaniswe ene yamathumba nabungozi kwamadlala amathe, yena indlela ngqo lo gqirha. kuye kwathi elide su 'husking "olu hlobo yamathumba. A liqatywe oluncinane philisi kwe esinobubovu adenoma ochaphazelekayo bazilungiselela kwaye isusiwe. Ugqirha ngelo xesha ezama ukuba umonakalo imixholo thumba. kuphazamiseka ubizwa ngokuba "ekskholeatsiya".

Ukususwa yethishyu ezifunekayo ukunika kumaziko okubhalela iimviwo olukhulu kwaye obungabonakaliyo ukuqinisekisa uxilongo. I-luvo yobuso ke naphakade, njengoko kunqabile kuchanwa. Ukuba Ithumba kuphuhliswa kwi namadlala submandibular, kuba ukukhula ezisusiweyo kunye ezintsha, nesinyithi.

Unyango yamathumba amabi

unyango Complex kuhlanganiswa kufuna abulalayo amathe indlala adenoma. into uqhaqho wenziwa njani? Kwanangaphambi kokuba ungenelelo kuyimfuneko ukwenza izifundo gamma-unyango ukunciphisa ubungakanani ithumba, kwakunye nokuthintela ukuvela metastases zommandla kude. Utyando lwenziwa ngqo emva kwenyanga emva radiotherapy.

Abanye ababhali bacebisa ukwenza nokususwa ngokupheleleyo amadlala parotid, kunye amasebe luvo yobuso kwibloko olunye, kunye extirpation lweendawo nkovu lwengingqi. Ukuba uhlolo bafumanisa ukuba thumba liye lakhula laba ithambo kwemihlathi asezantsi, eli candelo kufuneka ukuba resect. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba usebenzo kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele kukukhwezela njani abanye ithambo.

Kwiimeko kakhulu, kucetyiswa radiotherapy lokudambisa kuphela, ekubeni Ithumba ukuba isuswe ngenxa inyama okubi kakhulu.

Outlook

Kuba yamathumba ebubonisayo emva ALS unyango ngotyando ubomi kunye nempilo entle. Amathuba Ukuphinda iphantsi, omnye kuphela nesiqingatha ekhulwini. yamathumba abulalayo kwakhona kuthi ntle kakhulu. Ukumphilisa Esi sigulane asikwazi ekhulwini amabini kuphela kwezi meko, kwaye ke kukho ingozi yokuba thumba kuyabuya. Ukudlulela kwamanye amalungu efumaneka phantse isiqingatha amatyala.