Mpahla ukuze eziphathekayo ngezandla zabo. admixtures eziphathekayo

Phantse nasiphi na isakhiwo, nokuba ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo, iingcingo okanye iindlela, iquka ukusetyenziswa ngekhonkrithi okanye isamente udaka. Kunye mnike izinto imibala imixube kwaye nangoku kakhulu zithandwa. imfihlo yabo bubaluleke ilula: impahla ekhoyo, kulula ukusebenza, ixesha elide yaye nenoqoqosho.

Plasticizers ekwakheni

Ukuphucula umgangatho concrete izisombululo e plasticizers zongezwa - umxube imichiza. umsebenzi wabo - ukunciphisa isiqulatho amanzi kunye zokuzinzisa isisombululo, ukuze ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe iimpawu zayo. Abakhi plasticizer ngokuba eziphathekayo ngezandla zabo inkqubo ukulungiselela isisombululo. Nabavelisi imixube ezinjalo kunokuba ematyeni lethu kunye amazwe, kuba ixabiso yabo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ke zonke ezifumanekayo ezivenkileni evulelekileyo.

Xa ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, njengokuba umthetho, bathenga izisombululo esele zenziwe. intshayelelo Eminye plasticizers, ke musa ukuba, ezo zililo ezidityaniswe ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa. Idla iyabiza kwaye plasticizers ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa ikhonkrithi, ixabiso labo, Kakade ke, kuchaphazela ixabiso lilonke, kodwa loo nto nakanjani na abe okulungileyo. Umnqweno kubavelisi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakha sisombululo bugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo, ukhuphiswano namhlanje iphezulu kakhulu.

Xa zokwakha labucala, xa iindleko eziphathekayo asezantsi, ukuthenga isisombululo esele zenziwe - iyabiza kwaye akusoloko ngqiqweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ezo zililo zisetyenziswa nokuba wathenga okanye plasticizer ekhaya idityaniswe kule eziphathekayo. Izandla zakhe yenza kube lula ngokwaneleyo, yaye oku kuya konga enkulu kakhulu kuthengwa iincwadi.

imisebenzi plasticizers

Eyona njongo ephambili - ukuzinzisa ngenxa amanzi aphantsi kunye nokuphucula plasticity yesisombululo. Xa ukwakheka plasticizer iquka izinto ezisebenzisana nezinye izinto kunye oyinxalenye umxube eshukumayo elastic. Oku kunceda ukuya kuzibandakanya ngcono kunye nesisombululo isiseko kunye namanye amacandelo, ukuze kwandiswe amandla kunye lexinene le eziphathekayo.

Isisombululo asixhomekekanga ziyahlukana zibe ngamalungu alo kunye namanzi. ukunyuka bayo ubomi ngenxa yokuba ubunzima uyayibamba kancinci. Kuba nokwenzeka ukulungisa iimpazamo ezenziwa ngokugalela okanye kokugqiba izakhiwo.

Umaleko iyoma ngokufanayo, yaye ngenxa yoko ke isahlakalo lwamathanda kuncitshiswe. Ukunyuka ukumelana kugqithise lobushushu.

Plasticizers ekwenziweni

Ukongeza ukusetyenziswa wamatye okanye ukugalelwa mortars isamente ababandakanyekayo ekuveliseni izinto zokwakha. Le iimveliso ezahlukeneyo besebenzisa izinto eziphathekayo, iibhloko eziphathekayo, ikhonkrithi kunye nabanye. Xa imveliso yazo ukusetyenziswa plasticizers nalapho. Ithekhnoloji lwemveliso ifuna ukubambelela kwimigangatho ethile esemgangathweni kubo impahla efanelekileyo nekhuselekileyo. Ngoko ke, zonke plasticizers ezisetyenziswayo, admixtures eziphathekayo kunye namanye amacandelo kufuneka athobele:

- kuba afana ozinzileyo;

- ayiqulathanga izinto eziyityhefu;

- musa ziquka iikhompawundi aziphethe ngayo;

- nokucazululwa kubushushu ngaphezu lobushushu imithi.

Indlela ukwenza plasticizer kakhulu

iinkosi yokwakha benelungelo kunye nobuhlakani baye bafumana elide inguqulelo njani ukwenza plasticizer ukuba ikhonkrithi ngezandla zabo, ngaphandle kokuba ukuthenga imixube ezizodwa. Le ngobuwena ngokoqoqosho nangokupheleleyo ngokukhuselekileyo kwendalo. ucweyo lwakhe ilula: kwinkqubo kulungiselelwa yesisombululo idityaniswa lime okanye isepha kokwakheka. Oku kuba nantoni na: iisepha, iisepha ulwelo, ishampu okanye lwesicocisi sokuhlamba izitya. plasticizers ezinjalo eziphathekayo, nto leyo ixabiso cheap, uyakwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinkulu, hayi ukunikezela imizi yayo specialist udade. Isisombululo ziza kubekwa lula kwaye ziza kunika umgangatho ofanayo egudileyo. Umgangatho kuphucukile kakhulu, ukwanda ezinoxinano kunye namandla noshowo. Ukongeza amacandelo elula uya kukuphepha kwiinkathazo kunye nezisombululo eziphathekayo.

izisombululo zophuculo Technique ne isepha

Ukuba ufuna ukwenza plasticiser ukuba ikhonkrithi ngezandla zabo, kubalulekile ukuphulaphula icebiso weengcibi zokwakha abanezakhono.

Nazi ke iingcebiso eziphambili:

- iisepha Dry (iisepha) kufuneka zongezwe isisombululo, emva ezinyibilikayo emanzini.

- ukongeza imali ekuqaleni kule nkqubo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba ukudibanisa ngcono admixtures eziphathekayo ezongezelelweyo (block eziphathekayo, njalo njalo), kunye ngeendleko macandelo uya kuqhagamshelana ngcono kunye nabanye.

- bambalwa kakhulu ngamnye ngohlobo ngalunye eziphathekayo. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, eli isepha engamanzi elifakelwa isantya indebe 1 ingxowa zesamente nganye.

- isicwangciso esi sisombululo liya kwanda ukuya kwiiyure ezintathu.

- Zama ukusebenzisa izixhobo ukuba ziyindlela amagwebu intabalala. Kungenjalo, kuza kufuneka silinde de alephuze amagwebu luhlala, uze kuphela ukwenza lo msebenzi.

Ukongeza lime

Solutions ezinomthamo yekalika adla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ngamanzi. Bedlala indima yokuba amanzi, isebenza inxalenye engezantsi okanye olungaphandle isakhiwo, adla baboniswa ukufuma. Ngokomthetho kuko okulungiselela isiseko kunye wangaphantsi wendlu.

Ikalika isebenza plasticizer, siphucula umgangatho, iyahlala ukuxhathisa kugqithise ubushushu nobushushu ebandayo. Isisombululo uba nezimo, ngokulula lixhomekeke kwi imiphezulu nkqo, emva omiswe, oko aluyiyo igridi lwamathanda. Ikalika - yimpahla esuka kwindalo, yaye non-ityhefu, kuya kusebenza umqobo ukuba uphuhliso ngundo ezindongeni kunye nezinye iingxaki. iindleko lime kuba ncinci, kodwa umphumo uya SIZA.

Indlela ukongeza ikalika kumxube

Isixa kwekalika wazisa ngayinye ngamnye sezisombululo, ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yaso. Umlinganiselo ingahluka 1 ukuya ku-1 (kuba ngaphakathi) 1 ukuya ku-6 (kuba olungaphambili).

Phambi kokuba wenze isicombululo lime ukuba ukunyibilika emanzini. Nangona lime yandomeleza, ulungisa umxube elomileyo zentlabathi nesamente kunye nodaka ngoko kuphela kufuneka lesitofu. Ukusebenza loo nto kubalulekile ukuba banxibe iiglavu, kungenjalo uyakwazi zingonakalisa ulusu.

nezinye kwezithako

Kunye plasticizers kunye nezinye nezongezelelo ezikhoyo injalo. Amvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa kuyimfuneko kwiimeko ezithile, iimpawu izisombululo, ukukhulisa nokwenza kube lula ukusebenza nabo.

- kunciphisa ixesha setting (izomelezi). Bona ezibalulekileyo xa usebenza ngexesha lasebusika okanye ezibandayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ngamaxesha ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kuthatha ixesha iyoma izinto ngamnye, yaye oku ophazamisa kakhulu lo msebenzi. Kulapho kwezo zihlandlo, boosters nje ezinye endaweni yazo.

- Wandisa ixesha lukhuni (retarders). Plasticizers akusoloko ukumelana nemisebenzi, kwiimeko ezinjalo, ikhondo kakhulu koombayimbayi - vodoponiziteli. Bona asetyenziswa kwiimeko xa kufuneka ukuba ukuthutha izisombululo esele zenziwe imigama emide.

- Air-entraining kokwakheka. umxube of amaqamza. Kufuneka sinyuse ukumelana iqabaka kunye nokumelana amanzi. Ezisetyenziswa izisombululo enesiqulatho lwesamente eliphantsi.

- zinendlela. efunekayo nje xa esebenza kwimimandla kunye lobushushu eliphantsi ukuya degrees -15. Isisombululo asixhomekekanga kuphela ukumisa kwaye ivumela umsebenzi ngaphambili, kodwa Ukuguqulwa kolwelo elungileyo kwaye eside kakhulu. imixube zivumela ukuba ukwakhiwa unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kophazamiseko ixesha lasebusika.

kwezithako enjalo zithengwa kwi-umenzi kwaye abe nempembelelo elungileyo umgangatho nokusebenza ngayo izinto. Dlala ezabo cishe akunakwenzeka.

Sinqwenela ukutsalela iziphetho

Siye sahlolisisa iinketho eziliqela kunceda ekwandiseni kwezisombululo yokwakha ukuze kuphuculwe iipropati zabo. Kwimeko apho ulwakhiwo kombiwa encinane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi namacebo bancinane ukulungiselela iinjongo zabo. Iindleko ziya kuba phantse zero, yaye isiphumo qiniseka ukuba ukumkholisa.

Ukuba awunalo igama uthembe icebiso hlobo, ungasoloko ukuthenga ukutya plasticiser ngenxa eziphathekayo. Imiyalelo ngamnye kubo uza kuthwala iingcebiso icacileyo ngendlela ukongeza ngokuchanekileyo ukwakhiwa yesisombululo ufumane isiphumo efanelekileyo.