Moscow - St. Petersburg kuhola wendlela. indlela M11. Speedway "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

Okwangoku, oko uceba ukwakha umendo "eMoscow -. St. Petersburg" Le yenye kwezibonelelo yokuqala Russian Federation, injongo ekhethekileyo. Umendo entsha federal eSt Petersburg uya indawo ekhoyo - M10. Kuba uhambo kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule.

Overview

M10 uphelelwe amandla kwezinye iindawo. Kuya kusebenza ezinye simahla kuhola wendlela entsha federal. Indlela eMoscow - St. Petersburg, lo scheme ejongana iindawo ezininzi, kuya kuba ubude neekhilomitha malunga namakhulu asixhenxe. Umendo luzakuqala ukusuka imida eyinkunzi uze uqhubeke kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, iya kubanjelwa Moscow (90 km), yaseTver (253 km), Novgorod (233 km) naseLeningrad (75 km) indawo.

izinto zokwakha

Ngo-2018, sisicwangciso wendlela orhafelwayo eMoscow - eSt Petersburg ukuba makufakwe ukusebenza. Ukwakhiwa kwezinye amacandelo kuqala ngoku. Kucetywa ukuba kugqitywa ekuqaleni ibhola World Championships ukuba kuqhutywa ngo-2018. Iindleko zizonke zeprojekthi lidlula ezilikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu ezigidi engange. Inxalenye yale mali iza kutyalwa ophambili ngqo. Injongosenzi a chetyrhpolosnuyu umendo kudidi zobugcisa 1A. Isantya kubalwa - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-150 km / h. Indlela entsha "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" uya kucanda Novgorod kunye yaseTver iingingqi. Kule ndawo sihlelwe ukwakha malunga nekhulu kwo. Ukongeza, iya kuxhotyiswa engenelayo yezithuthi eziliqela. Kucetywa ukuba lokurhafisa isimangalo asingawo onke amacandelo indlela eMoscow - eSt Petersburg. Kwingoma, Noko ke, ngaphezu kwama-50% iya kuba nje omnye wabo. Oku ezine neekhilomitha.

imiba yezoqoqosho. Ukusetyenziswa PPPs

Ukuze baye baqalisa ukwakha umgca-high speed "Moscow - St. Petersburg", kwafuneka ukuba usebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo. Kweli lizwe ukuba ixesha okokuqala umgaqo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala. Sisivumelwano ndiyanicebisa, eqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka-zimali babucala. Nabo ke, kufuneka athobele endaweni yezinye lwabiwo-mali ukuze kuphunyezwe imisebenzi yokwakha.

ukusebenzisa lokuqala

Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, umgaqo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala sasetyenziswa kuphela ukuze kwakhiwe iindlela ezinkulu. Noko ke, okwangoku inkampani "Avtodor" uceba ukwenza ezinye iinkalo into. ukwakhiwa kwayo kunye nokusebenza koko luya kuqhubeka phakathi-sikhokelo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala. Ngokubanzi, ukuba ibekwe ngqo kufuphi St Petersburg.

Le wulo le into

Ngokuba intloko kwendlela banoxanduva zombini zabelo basekhaya kunye basemzini ngokufanayo. Uxanduva lokuqala lokwakha ulala kwi "North-West Concession Company". It ezizezombutho isiFrentshi. Ngelo xesha, isiqingatha yemali eyenziwe yi-zabelo Russian. Ukuquka inkqubo iquka isakhiwo omnye St. Petersburg noosomashishini. Amanye amajelo babiza umhlobo wakhe uMongameli Russian Federation. Umnini izakhiwo idatha Arkady Rotenberg. Lo mqulu athengwa kubo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, amalungu ombutho "N-Trans".

Ukutyikitywa isivumelwano semali-mboleko

Ukuvalwa sezimali iprojekthi yokwakha kwecandelo kwentloko kuqhutyelwa entwasahlobo ka-2010. Sayigqiba ngempumelelo nokusayinwa sivumelwano semali-mboleko. Intengiselwano kuyo yimibutho efana Sberbank, "Vnesheconombank" yaye "North-West Concession Company". Ngokwesivumelwano, isakhiwo ngasentla kufuneka zinike imali SZKK ukulungiselela le projekthi. ubukhulu loan malunga namashumi amathathu ezigidi engange. On intlawulo yayo unikwa isithuba seminyaka engamashumi amabini. Zombini iibhanki ngemali kwi umqulu ngokulinganayo. Kwakhona Federal Investment mali iza kwenza le projekthi kwesambuku esithile. ukubekwa olucwangcisiweyo izibopho lwezibonelelo. Ngoko ke, lo wulo ulindele ukuba imali yokuhlawula intsalela-mali.

Ukubandakanyeka engeyiyo European Bank

Ngaphambili mass media ingxelo yokuba umbutho ziya kuthatha inxaxheba ngemali le projekthi. Bekucingelwa ukuba ibhanki liyakwazi ukunika yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye investment. Ezi mali icwangciswe ukwalathisa ukusebenza kwicandelo lokuqala buti. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi yamkelwa kamva ukuba ibhanki sele ligqibe ukwala ukuthatha inxaxheba ngezimali iprojekthi yokwakha. Lo mbutho uthe into yokuba imisebenzi enjalo neziyilimazayo indalo lizwe. Oku, ezinxamnye lwasekhaya ikhowudi bank. Noko ke, osisithethi mbutho wakhanyela olu lwazi. Wenza ingxelo esichaza ukuba ibhanki Yurophu thiki inxaxheba ngezimali ekwakhiweni kwecandelo intloko le-high speed kuhola wendlela. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-mali kuyimfuneko ukuba le projekthi sele iqokelelwe. azithethi uyidinga ukutsala utyalo-mali kwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, ummeli ezisemthethweni yebhanki kwingxelo zange naziphi na kwemibutho abathatha inxaxheba ngezimali ekwakhiweni kwezinye iindawo zeli ziko.

yokubala Inkcukacha iindleko

Ixabiso Ukwakhiwa icandelo encinane indlela malunga mane billion engange. Le mali ayibandakanyi imali wezimali ukulungiselela mmandla ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi efanelekileyo, kodwa kuquka VAT. Ikota-mali ukulungiselela le projekthi kwamagxa mali. UMbuso uqinisekisa ubonelelo-mali esisashiyekileyo ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwesi sixhobo. Kwakhona linoxanduva lokulungisa lokuqala kummandla umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo, kwaye kufuneka uvume amaxwebhu projekthi. Kuza kuphunyezwa phantsi scheme concession.

amaxabiso zokuhamba

Ukubala esihambelanayo okusaqhubekayo. Kwacetywa ukuba iindleko zehambo kwicandelo intloko komkhondo liya kwenza malunga ezine engange ngekhilomitha nganye. Ezi zibalo zabanjwa ngokungqinelana ne kwinqanaba lamaxabiso ka-2007, ngaphandle VAT kubo. Ngenxa yoko, izinga ziya kwahluka. Imiba ephambili echaphazela iindleko zehambo ziya kuba: frequency ukusetyenziswa kwendlela, ixesha losuku, udidi isithuthi kunye like. Ixabiso avareji apho indlela M11 aya kufumaneka, imephu leyo linikwa kweli nqaku liza kuba ngaphezu 2.5 miri. / Km. Ngokutsho izibalo yokuqala, ukusetyenziswa iqashiso emnyango ukuya kummandla Leningrad (40 km) liya kuxabisa imali efanayo. Imimandla ezinye pay ibekwe umbindi indlela eMoscow - eSt Petersburg. Track njengoko wathethayo ngasentla, udlula kunye nakwezinye iindawo. Oku, ingakumbi, Novgorod, yaseTver kunye eMoscow. Ngoko ke, umqhubi zehambo imoto kuhola liya kuxabisa malunga ne-1 engange ngekhilomitha nganye. Ngenxa yoko, isixa uhambo wonke ziya kukhutshwa indawo engange angamakhulu amathandathu. Le imbambano ihlobo yokugqibela kwi iWorld Economic Forum, esenzeka eSt Petersburg. Yena usihlalo Russian State Road Inkampani wenza ingxelo kwiindleko zokuhamba. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ixabiso ngekhilomitha emendweni M11 ngamnye ukwandisa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ixabiso layo kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwewaka engange.

Isidingo ukusebenza

Umsebenzi ekudaleni ezinye iindlela zokuqhuba eli emendweni M10 "Russia" waqalisa kudala. Design kuye elide ngokwaneleyo. Buyela kwi 70s scheme yokuqala understudy indlela yinxalenye yesicwangciso inkosi lophuhliso kwemali eyinkunzi kunye mmandla. Isibakala sokuba umendo M10 okwangoku phantsi imithwalo emikhulu. Inani eliphezulu elivunyelwe wedatha izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngoku ke amandla kulo mzila malunga namashumi amane amawaka izithuthi ngosuku. Komyalelo kwezithuthi 170 000 ngosuku yemoto yokwenene namhlanje kwindlela Moscow - eSt Petersburg. Le track ngokukhawuleza uba yaphela. Elingaphezu kobuninzi ekulayisheni imithetho asichaphazeli nje kuphela umgangatho endleleni. Kwisango kwikomkhulu, isantya avareji endleleni M10 ngumgama oziikhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe ezilishumi. Kwiyure kunciphisa kwincopho ukuya ezintlanu. Kule ndlela, kukho inani enkulu kwiingozi zemoto engaphezu imigangatho eziqhelekileyo kulo lonke ilizwe eziliqela amaxesha. Kwiindawo kufuphi umoya ingcolisekile kakhulu. Lo mgangatho idlula nemigangatho yococeko ye-Russian Federation ngamaxesha ezintlanu.

Iingxaki zendalo eziphilayo

-High speed umendo eMoscow - eSt Petersburg Khimki yehlathi uwahlule kubini. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, imisebenzi yokwakha kule ndawo Kumiswe. Oku kungenxa koqhankqalazo na omnye wemibutho ethi ibivela intshabalalo imithi yokwakha kuhola wendlela. Izenzo yamalungu "Movement Ukumela Khimki Forest" ukungena kuye kwanqandwa. Emva koko, amapolisa ndafumanisa ukuba abasebenzi yayingenayo mvume efanelekileyo kunye namaxwebhu. Kungekudala emva kokuba umsebenzi wokwakha waqala kwakhona. Kwangaxeshanye, amatshantliziyo bazama ukumnqanda. Emva kwexesha elithile inkokeli yeqela awuvumelani ukwakhiwa kwendlela ehlaselwa. kamva Abanye xesha kwasekwa umbutho wabantu abatsha ndlongondlongo. Ngenxa yoko, amapolisa kwanyanzeleka ukuba lisasazwe iintente zawo.

Kamva, abantu engaziwayo walungelelanisa uhlaselo ekwakheni lolawulo lweengingqi. ke umnyango isakhiwo yeni, bawaphule iifestile. Inkokeli intshukumo ekhusela yehlathi bengavumelani nendlela omzabalazo. Amaqhawe baye bakwazi ukuyeka ukwakhiwa. Kodwa ke, kwintlanganiso uthumo karhulumente ubusika. Kwagqitywa ukuba imvume iprojekthi yokuqala. Abameli iKomishini wenza ingxelo ethi uguqulelo njengako apho indlela entsha "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" uya kucanda ihlathi Khimki, kusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo yaye kufanelekile. Ngenxa yoko, isigqibo uxhaswe amalungu amaninzi kurhulumente, ukusukela, ngenxa yabo, kwaba ngokupheleleyo kwizibhambathiso ezithile kunye elungeleleneyo. Emva koko kwafika yokulahla uMongameli gxotha umsebenzi wokwakha iimviwo ezongezelelweyo. Kungekudala umncedisi obhinqileyo nguDmitry Medvedev wenza ingxelo ukuba eneneni umongameli kwezisombululo kwenziwe isixa esikhulu umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo. Waphawula ukuba ukuziphatha kwabo negalelo ekuphuculweni ebalulekileyo projekthi.

Ngenxa yoko, siye liphuhlise inkqubo iziganeko zokusingqongileyo, esenzeka ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa. Iindleko zizonke kwesicwangciso lalimalunga gidi ezine zeerandi. Le nkqubo iquka nobuninzi engqinelanayo izinto. Umzekelo, oku kuya kudala izithintelo ingxolo kunye oluzenzekelayo esweni moya izikhululo. Kucetywa ukuba ukuphumeza amanyathelo awodwa ukukhusela iindawo zolondolozo, ukutyala ngobunono. Ukubamba iKhabhinethi yabaPhathiswa ezi zenzo mali elenza-dollar sele yabelwe. Le mali iza kusetyenziswa amanyathelo imbuyekezo kwiindawo ezithile ehlathini ngewuthe shwaka phantsi kwinkqubo yokwakha umendo-high speed.

"Zavidovo"

indlela M11 "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" iya kuchaphazela imida ipaka yesizwe. Le meko yabangela eninzi imbambano. Nangona kunjalo, lo mmiselo ayilungelelani kungena ukusebenza. Urhulumente nangoku angezanga kwisivumelwano ngalo mba. Njengokuba kunjalo yehlathi Khimki, eminye imibutho yoluntu yasekuhlaleni oluchasene M11 umendo udlula nepaka yesizwe. Uqhankqalazo eziliqela ahlelwa. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wagqiba ukuba endaweni indawo, apho liya kuba ingoma entsha "Zavidovo" uza kuba phakathi kwezinye iindawo.

into elandelayo

Ajongiweyo kwi Moscow route - eSt Petersburg omkhulu nako ukufumana yonke mvume eziyimfuneko (ngokuhambelana nemithetho esebenzayo kweli lizwe) kwaye kwisigqibo ezincumisayo njengoko ngenxa uvavanyo lwefuthe kokusingqongileyo. Ndawonye nenkqubo yolawulo kwezithuthi oluzenzekelayo ziya kufakwa kwi kwindawo engundoqo ye-M11 indlela, njengoko kwakucetyiwe kwasekuqaleni. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukudala iindawo zonxibelelwano likaxakeka, ngobungxamo, kunye nokulayita kunye nezithintelo median iya kusebenza kujikelezo kwindawo engundoqo ye ziko lwezibonelelo.