Isakhiwo kunye ingqiqo umthetho lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation

Enye amasebe phambili mthetho kulo naliphi na ilizwe na umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho. Onke amalungiselelo zaso systematized, uhlelwe kwaye kubonisiwe kwi-Code Criminal. Okulandelayo sijonga lo mbono, iinjongo kunye nemigaqo yomthetho mthetho, uhlobo lwemisebenzi yayo, kwakunye nemibuzo of ukutyhilwa kwalo. Ukuze ubonise ukubaluleka umba, kwanele ukuba kuthi ukuba lo mthombo kuphela ngokwemigaqo yomthetho mthetho kwaye kuphela ngokusekelwe umntu abe ufunyenwe enetyala lokwenza isenzo solwaphulo (isenzo okanye yokungenzi) nangokuxhomekeke isohlwayo.

Ingcamango imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga

Ngaphambi kokuba inkcazelo enjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana phandle i elide ezibangela. Yintoni na umthetho? Inkcazelo ifumaneka lukhulu, kodwa bonke ubilisa phantsi amacandelo amathathu: ilifa amandla omthetho njengowongamileyo, imimiselo uze wamkele nabameli karhulumente kuphela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, unako ukunika inkcazelo epheleleyo. Umthetho sisenzo eyodwa yendlu yowiso-mthetho, esithathwe ngendlela ethile, eba amandla liphezulu zomthetho, ogama njongo - ukulawula ubudlelwane zibalulekileyo kunye nentsingiselo kuluntu.

Concept neempawu yomthetho mthetho ziyafana. Kodwa babe nkcukacha ethile mveliso. imithetho yayo ukuseka imigaqo esisiseko, banikela isigqibo mayela noko iintshukumo ezinokuqwalaselwa-mthetho, ukumisela izohlwayo kwabo benze kubo.

Nawuphi na umthetho kungekho ngaphandle kwaye mthetho uye sikhokelo esemthethweni --siseko weli lizwe.

imigaqo

Ngokutsho komthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho (kwiSiqendu 3-7) lichazwa imigaqo ezintlanu eziphambili. Okokuqala, ulawulo lomthetho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho izenzo ezithile okanye ukungenzi wohlwaywe kunye neziphumo (umthetho mthetho) imiselwa kuphela yi-Code Criminal, ukusetyenziswa mzekeliso ayamkelekanga. Okwesibini, ukulingana ngokupheleleyo bonke abemi phambi komthetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini, ubudala, ubuzwe, inkolo, ubume ekuhlaleni, njalo njalo. D. kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula Themis (isithixokazi zobulungisa le ntsomi zamandulo zamaGrike), omehlo zifihliwe patch uYehova. buso. Okwesithathu, ingqiqo kunye nokubaluleka nomthetho mthetho ezinxulumene ngokungaguqukiyo kunye nomgaqo wobulungisa. Isohlwayo okanye amanye amanyathelo unesimilo yolwaphulo-zomthetho kufuneka kuhambelane mthetho. Okwesine, umgaqo ityala. Ngaphandle kwalo, njengokuba usazi, akukho mthetho, akukho isohlwayo. Umntu banokubekwa ityala kuphela izenzo okanye ukungenzi apho eziqhitsini bokuba unetyala. Okwesihlanu, uluntu. Umthetho mthetho yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu, yaye nayiphi na imeko musa ukuba ukubathoba okanye abangele ukubandezeleka emzimbeni.

Siseko - akukho nje ingqikelelo komthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nezizathu zalo, ngokungqinelana ne apho ingxelo yeenjongo: nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kunye nenkululeko yomntu nommi, umyalelo-siseko, ukuze uluntu kunye nokhuseleko, impahla, njl (i-Criminal Code Inqaku 2) ...

Ubume yomthetho mthetho

inkqubo yesizwe yomthetho Kunzima umfanekiso isipili yeKhowudi yoLwaphulo zezakhi Russian. It is a single unit, encotsheni apho kumi umthetho mthetho. Le mbono kunye nesakhiwo isoloko kubhekwa ndawonye. Ngokwemveli, yonke imithombo ye-Code Criminal yahlulwe zimbini zibalulekileyo: jikelele kunye ezizodwa. Nabo ke, yahlulwe yangamacandelo, izahluko kunye namagama ahambelana. Ukuze lo mbandela phantsi ingqalelo yayimlindele ngakumbi ngokwaneleyo ukukhetha up inguqulo iphepha kweKhowudi Criminal, okanye uyivule kwenye imbekiselo kunye neenkqubo zomthetho. Izahluko zahlulwe amanqaku kunye inani lezibuko ne negama mzekelo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kakhulu lula ukusebenza uxwebhu kwaye ufumane ulwazi. Iinombolo ukwanikwa kule ncwadi kule ncwadi naziphi na izenzo ngamnye of nature kwezomthetho mthetho ukuba ziqukwe kwi-Code Criminal.

amacandelo emithandathu, isahluko 15 kunye namanqaku 102 iquka ezingama umthetho mthetho. Ingcamango nesakhiwo nomthetho mthetho bafanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Inxalenye ekhethekileyo liqulathe, ke, izahluko 19 zihlanganiswe ngokwamacandelo amathandathu kunye namanqaku 271.

Hypothesis, isimo, isohlwayo - zonke izinto noshowo ulawulo lomthetho, kwenziwe imimiselo ngokwemveli isakhiwo ngokuphindwe kathathu. Onke amacandelo, bona, babe iintlobo kunye nokuhlelwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke iimpawu okanye izincedisi kwi-General Inxalenye ye-Code Criminal.

Hypothesis: ingqiqo neentlobo

Phantsi hypothesis kufuneka iqondwe iimeko ezithile, phezu isiganeko ziyabophelela imithetho yokuziphatha enshrining umthetho. Le nxalenye norm esemthethweni libhekisa kwiimeko ezithile ebomini, ubukho apho utyhala abadlali kubudlelwane kunye nabanye. Hypothesis ingaba elula okanye ezintsonkothileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala kubonisiwe imeko enye kuphela kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe imilinganiselo, yaye yesibini kukho ezininzi. hypothesis elukhuni, yena, zahlulwe zibe ngokudibanisa ezizezinye. I Eyokuqala ubukho iimeko ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Isixhobo esisesinye hypothesis ngumba zokuphumeza imithetho kuxhomekeka yenye yezinto ezininzi. Kukho kwakhona yokuhlela njengako degree of nobunzima. Ngokuphathelele koku ezi bomzi, edityanisiweyo, enye kwaye nzima-engenye umthetho yeengcinga.

Isimo: ingqiqo neentlobo

Njengenxenye "Ungenadawo" ibonisa iimpawu luluvo kwaye injongo okuluphawu ayingozi eluntwini senzo. Le elementi ingqiqo umthetho mthetho ngayo "ezingundoqo 'lo umthetho, ekubeni yaqulunqa imigaqo yokuziphatha kwesi sifundo. Kuxhomekeka imo-ntetho ye sengqondo kunokuba lula okanye esichazayo. Kwimeko yokuqala eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe yokuziphatha kwalo mntu, kodwa yena sele luxeliwe, umzekelo, Art. 128 h. 1 CC RF. Kwimeko yesibini, zonke iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezichazwe (v. 209 h. 1 t. D.). Kuxhomekeka iqondo ukuqiniseka kunye nohlobo isimo ngenene kwaye ezithile kakhulu. Uxanduva iseti yokuqala aliphelelanga kwaye amaqumrhu asemthethweni (ngamaqela) neentlobano. Ngeli lixa banelungelo ukuthatha inyathelo. Kuxhomekeka ukwakhiwa isimo bahlule ezilula, ezimbaxa kunye nezinye.

Isohlwayo: ingqiqo neentlobo

Ingcamango umthetho lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation kunye isakhi kwisiqhelo "isigunyaziso" ithetha imilo kunye nobukhulu isohlwayo-mthetho ezithile. Iiplastiki elula okanye ezintsonkothileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala iqulethe isigwebo mnye, ngoxa yesibini - ezimbalwa. izohlwayo zobunewu zahlulwe izivakalisi oluqhelekileyo elenza ezininzi ngexesha elinye (umzekelo, entolongweni kunye kokuthathwa impahla), kunye ezizezinye (nokugxothwa okanye isohlwayo). Kuxhomekeka:

• uhlobo imiphumo ingaba: akhabayo kunye navumelanayo;
• degree of ngokuqiniseka: ukwayo epheleleyo, equlethe ebonisa ngqo (. umzekelo, isohlwayo sama-30 amawaka engange), kwaye isalamane - ungacwangcisa imida ephezulu nesezantsi kuphela, okanye ubuncinane omnye kubo;
• uhlobo zongenelelo zikarhulumente: sazela, pravovosstanovitelnye, isilumkiso.

umthetho Criminal: isenzo kwisithuba, ixesha kunye nenani labantu

Ukuzisa ukuba nobutyala phantsi Code yoLwaphulo ye-Russian Federation iya kuxhomekeka kubo bonke abantu benze ulwaphulo-mthetho kummandla kweli lizwe (oko ebekwe yi-siseko, kwakunye noMthetho "Kwi State emdeni Russian Federation"). Crime (ingozi karhulumente) isenzo kunye punishability yayo ichaza umthetho yolwaphulo (ingqiqo kunye neentlobo kuxoxwe ngasentla) sisebenza ngexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala. Oko kukuthi, kweli xesha xesha ke kulindeleke ukuba angene force (iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba sipapashwe okanye ngexesha elinikiweyo) kodwa ayithethi ulahlekelwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba lwasekhaya umthetho lolwaphulo retroactivity azalwa. Oko kukuthi, ukuba isikhundla eyamkelwe ngokususa ulwaphulo okanye isohlwayo sakhe zokuthomalalisa ukwayo okanye ekuphuculeni indawo yomntu onetyala ngenye indlela, zisebenza izenzo ezenziwa phambi komntwana wabo.

Ingcamango ukutolikwa umthetho lolwaphulo

Ukwandisa izinga semthethweni, ukomelezwa yayo, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu, izinto zikarhulumente ifuna ukuba intloko imithetho zilandelayo ngokukuko nangokuchanekileyo. Oku akwenzeki ngaphandle ekuqondeni imeko yentlalo yezopolitiko kweli lizwe, intsingiselo yalo mthetho, iimeko ezibangele ukuba imfuneko ngeenjongo zalo yamkelwe.

Phantsi ngentetho ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa ukusekwa umxholo wayo, ukuchongwa elucidation intsingiselo yalo, enika ingcaciso malunga ngokwemigaqo ezisetyenziswa yi-mthetho. Ukhuthaza isicelo efanayo kwemigangatho, kusekho ezichanekileyo. Ngoko ke, lo ingqiqo kunye neendidi nokutyhilwa yomthetho mthetho zibaluleke pfunaka.

Classification ngokwezihloko (lwaseburhulumenteni)

It yenzelwa, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo umzimba wenziwa ukucaciswa umthetho, nto leyo ichaza ukuzibophelela kwayo.

1. incazelo yokwenene. Lisuka welungu naleyo yathatyathwa isenzo ngokusemthethweni. amagunya Idatha athweswe kuphela Assembly Federal. ingcaciso elolu ubopha bonke abemi kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente.
2. Ukutolikwa esemthethweni lwenziwa yi ligunya uluntu ukuba ligunyazisa umthetho (i-State uDuma). Lakhe ukusetyenziswa olusisinyanzelo isangqa eliqingqiweyo labantu abasebenzisa lo mthetho ngokumalunga nayo inkcazo eyanikwa.
3. incazelo Awe. Inikwe onke amalungu inkqubo yenkundla ngokusebenzisa umthetho ngqo ingqalelo kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho (in t yakhe. H. Ibandakanya ngokwesigqibo Plenum Sun, SAC).

Concept kunye neendidi ukutolikwa umthetho lolwaphulo le ilapha ngentla isebenza imithombo esemthethweni.

Ukwahlukanisa yesifundo (informal)

1. Imfundiso - eliphethwe ngayo ngabasebenzi lwenzululwazi nalungele kakhulu zezifundo, monographs, amanqaku yenzululwazi kunye makube phezu komthetho. Kwaye ukuba akukho amandla ndibopha, kodwa igalelo ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kunye nesicelo practice regulatory senzo.
2. Professional - ukunika nabameli ngokuphathelele kwimiba ngemiba enxulumene isicelo practice komthetho mthetho. Asinto esibophelelayo kwaye akukho amandla omthetho.
3. Yemihla ngemihla - inikwe kwinqanaba oluqhelekileyo lwemihla ngemihla kulo naliphi na nxaxheba non-nobungcali bezomthetho.

indlela Classification

Ingcamango imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga inxulumene ngqo ithwalwa ngayo nokuchaza intetho. Le zokuhlela njengesiseko ngokuthatha ngendlela kukho ukwamkelwa, apho kuliwa.

1. ingcaciso-ntetho ithetha ukucaciswa umxholo kunye nentsingiselo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo kula magama ngokoMthetho. Bona liphathwa isintaksi, igrama kunye kwicala etymological.
2. ukutolikwa ngendlela lwenziwa ngokufanisa nawuphi na umthetho mthetho kunye nabanye, ukumisela indawo yayo kwinkqubo iyonke, kwemida kwezinye umxholo, ezinxulumene.
3. Ingcaciso ngokwembali. Injongo yawo ukufumana phandle i izizathu kunye neemeko apho zibangela ukuba kubuzwe lo nokwamkelwa yalo mthetho, kwakunye ngokophindayo neenjongo zalo, uthelekiso kunye nucleoside pre-ekhoyo.

Ukwahlukanisa ngu volume

Amaqondo amanyathelo athathwe njengekhrayitheriya, leyo kwimida yomthetho eyamkelweyo. Kukho iindidi ezintathu:

• incazelo Ingqongqo. Xa zomthetho isenzo edityaniswe kwixabiso sincinane, xa kuthelekiswa umbhalo wayo yokoqobo.
• A ingcaciso ebanzi. Kulo mzekelo, imeko malunga: isigama (imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga, umthetho mthetho) unenxaxheba kuquka naleyo eboniswe kwi kwisicatshulwa.
• A kukuwutolika. It busenza ukuba i ngqo kumdlalo intsingiselo yetekisi yaye lomkhuba kakhulu.