Moscow Planetarium on Barricadnaya

Planetarium on Barricadnaya eMoscow yenye nje enkulu ehlabathini kunye omdala eRashiya. Esi sibonelelo iqukiwe kuluhlu ezinika kwesihloko. Kufuneka ke ukuba utyelelo iziko Barricadnaya umdla kuphela abantwana kodwa abantu abadala.

History of indalo

Ingcamango kokwakhiwa iziko eMoscow kwenzeka kwiminyaka yokuqala kwamandla Soviet. Kungoko ke iBhunga eyinkunzi yabona imfuneko yemfundo noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Planetarium kwi Barricadnaya izicwangciso ukwenza kwiziko ekhuthaza inzululwazi wendalo iphela.

Ukuphumeza lo mbono ngo-1927, siye wadala uthumo olukhethekileyo. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukukhokela inkqubo yokwakha iziko. Kuloo minyaka, ehlabathini kwakukho ezilishumi izakhiwo ezinjalo. Inkoliso yabo afumaneka eJamani. Moscow Planetarium on Barricadnaya waba weshumi elinesithathu.

uphuhliso Project kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo

Ulwakhiwo iziko e Moscow Government abelwe onomtsalane ngexesha le mali. Ukongezelela, imali nentywenka yemali efunekayo ukuthenga eJamani, umatshini okhethekileyo. Izixhobo Kwathengwa ukuba Observatory, amaziko elebhu kunye bhanyabhanya. Le iziko eyayicwangciselwe ukuba uvule ithala leencwadi, i imyuziyam ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nabaphulaphuli ukuba imisebenzi izangqa isifundo. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili yeprojekthi isonjululwe ingxaki wokudala olu hlobo lokwakha wamazwi le yunivesithi yesizwe.

Sasisebenza ekudalweni iziko abakhi abaselula MO Barshch ne MI Sinyavsky, osele wayesaziwa ngezangqa ezithile. leprojekthi odale uhlobo constructivist kunye nendlela ngelo xesha. Development evunyiweyo, emva koko ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo.

Le Lenjongo esigunyaziswe ekwindla ka-1929, apho xesha yagqitywa ukwakhiwa ke uThixo amajukujuku-screen uze ugqibezele ukufakela izixhobo. Kuba iziko yoluntu jikelele eMoscow Barricadnaya kwaba evulekile kuphela ngoNovemba 5.

Isiqalo

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ikhona, le Moscow Planetarium kwi Barricadnaya waba ziinkqubo. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngothotho mfutshane mayeza. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, le nkqubo liye landiswa. Iindwendwe ziyamenywa ukuba ukuphulaphula kungekudala abe ingekuko ezintathu, njengokuba ngaphambili, kodwa amane ukufunda ngabahlohli abafanelekayo.

Ngokuthe ngcembe wenziwe ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zobugcisa of "Abantu University". Kunyaka wokuqala emva kokuba kuvulwe iyunithi eyodwa sele sidalwe iziko, leyo kuthiwa "ilanga ekuphumeni". Wayesebenza de-1994 Ngo-1934 izixhobo iziko ukuba ukubonisa iindwendwe ukubhabha ezinomsila kunye izibane emantla, kwelanga elanga kunye starbursts Agasti. I wabonisa apha Tsiolkovsky rocket, kunye nomsila somlilo. Kude amahlanu zenkulungwane lokugqibela bekukho liphela iziko hlabathi ubonise efanayo iindwendwe yayo. Yaba sinokholo KN Shistovskogo, obeyindoda injineli abanetalente kwaye ngumlawuli wokuqala iziko eMoscow.

Kwangokunjalo 1934 kwi "University yaBantu" ndangenela kwisangqa ngeenkwenkwezi. Kubanjwa apha kunye nezifundo zoyilo lobunjineli. Emva koko, abafundi babo baba abasunguli iziko yoyilo odumileyo KB-7, leyo inxaxheba kuphuhliso imijukujelwa lulwelo-propellant.

Ukongeza kwimisebenzi uphando, iziko inika iindwendwe nembono zomsebenzi. main isihloko sawo - kukuzukiswa izazi odumileyo - Copernicus, UGIORDANO Bruno kunye UGalileo.

Andijiki umsebenzi iziko wayo Barricadnaya nakwiminyaka imfazwe. Apha, thina intetho eqhelekileyo ukufunda nje kuphela. Umjikelo wonke lwenzelwe uqeqesho labaqhubi zomkhosi amagosa obungqondi.

Life iziko emva Ukoyisa Great

nolwakhiwo site ngeenkwenkwezi lwaqhutywa kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. Ukusuka apho ke kunokwenzeka ukuba esweni ezi imizimba yasezulwini.

Kakade ngawo 1947 iziko kwi Barricadnaya (bona ngezantsi ifoto) Waba yonke inezakhiwo, kuquka kwiholo Star kunye indawo kuNdlu kunye Astronomical Observatory.

Ukuze ixesha elide ukuba indawo kuphela ukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga isithuba. Kulo mba, amashumi abaninzi internship iziko kwaye ukufunda lilungiselelo iinkwenkwezi kwi omkhulu bhakabhaka kwexesha elide mboni. Batyelela zakhiwo kwi Barricadnaya kunye oosomajukujuku elizayo. Apha ke bafunda navigation yasezulwini.

Ixesha loloyiso isithuba

Planetarium incopho yayo iye yafika kwi 60s zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Loo Ixesha ekuqaleni kuloyiso isithuba. Ngokuvakalayo iziko iinkqubo Barricadnaya kuqhutywa iindwendwe, emva kokuba ukutshintshwa kwezinye izixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo esitsha "Planetarium" wamiswa. Mu kuya kwa nshita ubudala, waba nethuba elikhulu yaye kukho inkqubo umsebenzi. Noko ke, hlala ixesha lokuba wazisa iziko zisabonakala. Ngowe-1994 wavalwa for ukuvuselela.

complex oluhlaziyiweyo

Nokulungiswa Moscow Planetarium lweminyaka elinesixhenxe. NgoJuni 2011, ukuba ekugqibeleni kuvulwa. Kule minyaka zakhiwo iye yalungiswa kakhulu. indawo yayo kunyuke phantse lunemiba ezintandathu. Okwangoku, le iziko ine indawo elinesixhenxe lamawaka macala onke. Zokulinganisa kwaye siyilelwe iwaka ababukeli. Iindwendwe Amatikiti zibiza phakathi omnye anamanci mahlanu ukuya amathandathu, anamakhulu engange. Complex yonke imihla Kuthatha abantu amawaka amathathu.

Xa ahla- le iziko na umzobo ziko. Kuyo uyakwazi ukubona indawo yakho uze ufumane indlela yabo indlela yokufumana eholweni umdla. Scheme umthamo. Xa ukhetha indawo isaqala ukuze zikhanyise. Kuyinto elula gqitha ukuba abatyeleli. Ukuba ezinye iingxaki nangoku Vuka, kunokwenzeka kusoloko isibheno abasebenzi oluxandileyo, siya kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo yemfundo olunzulu nga ndiqhayise iziko Barricadnaya. Izimvo iindwendwe ezininzi zibonisa ukuba ulwazi endibufumeneyo umdla kubantu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo yolwazi kunye nobudala babo.

Athandwa iziko uyaphinda kwakhona mkhulu. Kukho ukufikelela simahla isakhiwo ngemihla iintetho. A indawo ekulungeleyo aze ukhenketho umdla olwenziwe iiholo ezahlukeneyo, umtsalane abahlali nje kuphela, kodwa iindwendwe kwikomkhulu.

Iindwendwe Planetarium banethuba ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwabo ngeenkwenkwezi. Ungakwenza oku kumagumbi eziliqela, nto leyo baxhotyiswe kwi entsonkothileyo. Ngamnye kubo ezahlukeneyo ixabisa behambela umxholo.

Museum Urania

Eli gumbi ibekwe ingxenye endala zakhiwo. izinga lakhe lokuqala esazisa iindwendwe kwimbali iziko, kwakunye nophuhliso iindlela ulwazi lwezenzululwazi iphela.

Kule myuziyam, kwanabandwendweleyo, besiza kubulisa Urania ngeenkwenkwezi-nabakhwitsi. Uhlala ijikelezwe kushicilelwa antique kunye neencwadi, kwakunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Okulandelayo, abatyeleli faka wecandelo, nto leyo imiboniso ukwazisa imbali iziko. Lokuqokelelelwa inani elikhulu amaxwebhu kunye neefoto, amanqaku kunye neencwadi, eyenza abangaboniyo lokuyivelisa izibakala kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene isakhiwo ukususela 1929 ukuya kwixesha langoku.

Avuleke kakhulu umxhelo emele izixhobo, leyo mayixhotyiswe complex - isixhobo "Planetarium" (kunye nenombolo yesiriyeli 3.1.3), owayesebenza ukususela ngowe-1977 ukuya ku-1994, kwakunye iinxalenye ugodo igama elifanayo, yasebenza ukususela 1926 ukuya 1976. (Inombolo Uthotho 13). Ngexesha lakhe ngoncedo kwezindlela lwabo Ikhanyisa isibhakabhaka phezu kwawo.

Kule myuziyam kukho window, apho kuthunyelwe izixhobo goniometric kunye yerediyo, theodolites kunye lelanga. Lo mxholo ekhangelwe nkalwana indawo Sea. Lo mboniso ukhumbula indlela le nqanawa. Kukho sinendawo kunye iiseyile, intsimbi kunye ivili. Xa iifestile ngokwemilo obekwe inkwenkwezi zezindlu kunye neemephu, kwakunye nezixhobo kunye apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba uzulazule elwandle. It barograph kunye chronometer, kwesextant kunye ikhampasi kubambana, kwakunye telescope. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo, bekuya kuba nzima ukwenza imigama amazwe.
Xa holo wesibini lolondolozo lwembali abatyeleli Urania ukungena kwihlabathi okumangalisayo imizimba yasezulwini. Apha ifakiwe yokuzunguleza iimbumba of Venus ne Mars, neNyanga kunye noMhlaba. Ezi yayingabamelwane yesiqalo thile efanayo omnye komnye, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ngendlela yabo ekhethekileyo.

Kwi i kwiziphambuka ukuthambeka, ezenziwe nezemarmore, emelwe kumazwe wezijikelezi-langa, banayo uhlobo zifaka. Nantsi ividiyo screen phezu kodonga. Ibonisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha imizimba yasezulwini ngaphakathi kwinkqubo elanga. Ukongeza ukubhentsiswa kwamehlo iindwendwe lizisa ingqokelela awe esibhakabhakeni. Ezi Akunakwenzeka ukuba engaqhelekanga. Bona zanyibilika babe imilo engaqhelekanga watshisa icala. Zonke ezi imizila basala Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba.

Big Star Hall

Le yeyona ndawo iphambili kweli iziko. igumbi elikhulu features a udaka inkwenkwezi-screen. ububanzi wayo ezimashumi mabini anantlanu eemitha. Kweli gumbi, izixhobo ifakiwe, i wekratshi iziko. Basimisela isithuthi "Universarium" uhlobo ifayibha enombala, zeziphi ezo projekthi izenzakalo ngeenkwenkwezi umbono ehlabathini.

iholo igumbi elikhulu ezilungiselelwe amathathu, anamanci mahlanu-amathandathu ababukeli. izihlalo ezitofotofo ziye ngabamenyiweyo backrests. Kwi udaka ikhusi, iindwendwe ubuke ezayo phantse namawaka alithoba izijikelezi, iinkwenkwezi kunye namakroza.

zezulu Park

Kweli gumbi bahlanganisene omabini izixhobo amandulo entsha yenzelwe ulwazi iphela. Kuye kwakhelwa 800 usuku eMoscow.

park esibhakabhakeni - yilo Moscow Planetarium. Luhlanganisa i Astronomical Observatory kunye an open-air imyuziyam. Avuleke zilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana macandelo alandelayo engundoqo nenzululwazi obalaseleyo: weklasiki, yamandulo, ngeenkwenkwezi Array, kwakunye amandla elanga. Apha ke lunikwa yonke ingqokelela yesundials.

Lunarium

Kuyinto ukwenzelana imyuziyam, emi imigangatho ezimbini. I yenzelwe eli gumbi abantwana ukwazi. hayi ngaphantsi kwiimyuziyam phambili yaseYurophu kunye namaziko science Equipment Lunariuma.

Kwinkcazelo lizisa malunga asibhozo nemiboniso. Ngamnye kubo kubonisa imithetho physics ngezimanga zendalo ngendlela playful.

indawo

Ukuba ugqiba ukuba atyelele iziko Barricadnaya, nendlela onokufikelela ngayo? Kuya kuba nzima. Akasekude iziko na isikhululo metro "Barrikadnaya." Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba esi myuziyam kunye nokuzonwabisa oluntsonkothileyo ivaliwe ngooLwezibini. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ukulungiselela utyelelo lwakhe, khetha inkqubo efunekayo. It has a iziko esemthethweni website Barricadnaya (planetarium-moscow.ru). Oko kuya kukunceda uqhelane kunye izihloko okucwangcisiweyo kwaye uthenge itikiti.