Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula, iinjineli kunye Signal Corps yoKhuselo Ministry eSt Petersburg

Military Historical Museum of zokudubula Ekubabutheni ingqokelela iingalo iminyaka engaphezu 300. Iimali zigcinwa rarities abasusela ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15, kunye nezixhobo mihla ikwazi ukuthwala zikhali. Kwinkcazelo izele ezafunyanwa zembali, uninzi lwazo akukho analogue.

History of indalo

Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula wabonakala eSt Petersburg, kwakunye uninzi ezinomtsalane ekuqaleni kwembali lomzi, kwintando Peter I. Ingqokelela yokuqala ukususela 1703 ise yokugcina izikrweqe, kwi Foundry Avenue, apho ukugcina umpu endala. Indawo yangoku, ngomhla Kronverk i uPetros Paul Fortress, imyuziyam yafudukela ngo 1869.

Ukwakhiwa "ukomelezwa corona" (kronverka) yaye yaqaliswa ngowe-1705 ukuya ukukhusela iindlela kumntla enqabeni. Wonke umsebenzi wokwakha sagqitywa ngowe-1709. zokwakha Long kwabangela komlilo, owenzeka ngo 1706. Xa kumasango bezakhelo Uyalwa bafakwa izitora - amalungiselelo, zokudubula, kunaso, nabo yaxhobisa zalapho, gumbi ibutho nqaba nokugcinwa izixhobo le Preobrazhensky webutho.

Ngowe-1752, ukwakha kuthwalelwa phandle, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19 yonke yokugcina ekhoyo kwezixhobo zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso enqabeni. Lo mmandla waba kronverka abe partikuljarnoj zalapho. Ngowe-1808, esi sakhiwo kwaku School of imikhumbi kunye olwandle. Vula kwi Kronwerk Museum of History Military wanikela * uKhesare Nicholas mna, naye isindululo icebo. umsebenzi Design wabelwa wezakhiwo PI Taman.

Kronwerk nge museum

Isiseko kwesakhiwo sagqitywa ngowe-1851. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kunye nephiko ekunene, elingaphakathi ngombala ngokomakhi ozibandakanye V. K. Reyr. Isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini na elimile intsimbi yehashe, a mezzanine ofumaneka ngaphezu kwe-neegalari ze kumgangatho wokuqala.

Architecture olungaphambili kusikhumbuza izakhiwo zokuzifaka apha yaseYurophu zamaXesha Aphakathi. Ubude ecaleni komgca yezihlunu kukuba 472 m, ubukhulu yeendonga zangaphandle kunye inxalenye ngaphambili malunga 1.8 eemitha, izahlulo zangaphakathi - 1.3 yeemitha.

Lokugunyazisa kwenzeka ngo-1860, esi sakhiwo yadluliselwa kulawulo zokudubula Sebe. NgoJanuwari wonyaka ozayo, i-Arsenal Old, apho ingabekwa Foundry Avenue, baqala ukubathwala imipu kwisiza entsha sesichengeni.

Wavala emazantsi kwesango eyadini kunye nodonga eweni, 1861, kunye Kronverksky Strait ecaleni komgca eli chibi enxibe igranite Marina ngokwaneleyo. Ngowe-1868 ezitokisini ezingenanto eGibheyon ngelo iphiko ekunene, baguquka kwi kwiiholo emyuziyam, apho ukubeka izinto ezingcwele lwembali zokudubula.

collection History

Tsar uPetros mna ngokobuqu babandakanyeke ekugcwaliseni le ngqokelela, elikhutshwa umthetho okhethekileyo, wathumela zonke oomantyi yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Imiboniso bevela kulo lonke ilizwe, ukususela kwiphondo ESmolensk wafika ingqalelo lwemipu 37 (imipu kunye mortars). Ukumkani wathuma athile kuhlola izixhobo ngoko ngokufuthi wathumela ukuba ukunyibilikiswa phantsi ngenxa izixhobo ezintsha, yaye ebaluleke kakhulu ezikhulayo ingqokelela yezixhobo.

Igalelo lakhe ishishini lolondolozo lwembali negalelo wonke umntu wayenako babefuna. Xa abarhwebi 1722 kunye F. P. Borsukov Anikeev ngokwabelana efunyenwe balwa ngomnye izixhobo inkosi odumileyo Andreya Chohova Russian - kunaso "UKumkani Achilles" - inikelwe kulo myuziyam. Gun "Inrog" wobukumkani Ivana Groznogo wazisa ikomkhulu German Johann wanikelwa kwisebe zokudubula, apho waya esitoreni. I-inventri yokuqala lokuqokelelwa lwaqhutywa ngo-1725, lo nyaka isigqibo ukutshintshwa zonke iimpawu zembali wamajoni St. Petersburg eMoscow kwi Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula.

Ingqokelela epheleleyo yobomi lwembali kwaqala nge ukubekwa kwayo Kronverk inqaba. yinxalenye iyadi sele yabelwe kwezikhali esindayo. Ekuqaleni ingqokelela ngokuba "Hall of izinto ezingalibalekiyo", ukususela 1903 igama yatshintshwa kwi the Historical Museum of zokudubula. Udumo awayifumana emva 1872, xa inxalenye mboniso wathabatha inxaxheba lo Mboniso Polytechnic, elingcwele, isikhumbuzo 200th yokuzalwa uPetros I.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi zenzululwazi

Ukukhokela uphando kunye nomsebenzi yezenzululwazi egqwesileyo lolondolozo lwembali waqalisa kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhe ngumlawuli we-mbali emkhosini NE Brandenburg. Imizamo yakhe ayizange ukudala indawo yokugcina, ithala leencwadi, waqala ukuzivakalisa abalufunayo. Imali kwakhona iimpawu zembali ukusuka izixhobo yoBukhosi Russian - Kiev, Bryansk, Kazan, njl Inxalenye enkulu ingqokelela kudlule yoonongendi -. Solovetsky, Tikhvin, Cyril Belozersky, kwakunye imali kwamanye amaziko kunye nemibutho -. Izikrweqe, Izinto Zakudala iKomishoni, njl uqale ingqokelela ukwenza iintlobo mihla kwezixhobo.

Ukususela ngo-1889, imyuziyam yasingatha ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo 500th le zokudubula Russian, nto leyo iye yavusa umdla yoluntu emkhosini kunye nokuqokelelwa, ithala leencwadi kunye nemisebenzi yeziko. Iiholo kulo myuziyam kuthatha iindwendwe iintsuku ezintathu ngeveki, oovimba elayibrari zivulekile yokusetyenziswa mbali wamajoni, abaphandi.

Revolution nempi

Xa ukuvukela, i Museum Military-Historical koombayimbayi eSt Petersburg ke babalekela Yaroslavl ukugcina imali. amaphenyane ezintathu emhlabeni ukuthumela malunga nama-75% azo zonke iimali, olubalelwa amaxwebhu ngaphezu 200,000 yogcino 70,000 izinto ezizodwa. Kodwa akukho ayikwazanga ukugcina onke amaxabiso.

Ummandla Spassky Monastery, apho wayegcina imiboniso kunye namaxwebhu, liye laba yokubanga kwiinginginya yotshintsho olululo. Ungquzulwano neziphumo emlilweni, awayitshisayo malunga 2 lamawaka amalaphu anomyalezo, zonke neembasa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, malunga 300 iintlobo izixhobo yamandulo. Kwakhona walahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo archive Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, inxalenye eyonakeleyo lokuqokelela egcinwe kwindawo inqanawa.

umonakalo omkhulu kwabangela okhukulayo eyenzeka iLeningrad ngo-1924, kodwa abasebenzi ndikwazile ukugcina konke oko akunakwenzeka, kunye nokwandisa ukuqokelelwa yokuqala yeengeniso olondolozo lwembali 27.

Le kuvalwe iindlela Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula (St. Petersburg) waye ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi neziqhushumbisi, kodwa iimali kuhlala indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo, bazala izixhobo kwikhompyutha kunye ezingcwele kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngowe-1946 myuziyam yadluliselwa kwiOfisi Academy of Sciences zokudubula. Lo mboniso lokuqala post-imfazwe wavula November 24, 1946, waba nizinikele ngokupheleleyo esele imfazwe edlulileyo. Ngaphantsi myuziyam zanceda ekusifundeni lokuqokelelwa ndawonye, ukukhulula kubalawuli ezininzi, alungiselele ntlanganiso kwaye ukuhlola amathuba nokudalwa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokugcina izinto ezixabisekileyo.

Ukuhlanganisa imali

Ukususela ngo-1948, i-Museum Military-Historical koombayimbayi waqalisa ukukhupha multi-volume ekuyi kwimbali zokudubula Russian. Ngowe-1963, imali iye kwakhona uqokelelo Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering, leyo bahlanganisana phezu 150 iminyaka. Le ngqokelela iquka yembali imifuziselo indawo umkhosi kuzo iimfazwe Patriotic Imfazwe kukaNapoleon ngo-1812, eli phulo Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878, i-Great Northern War ka 1700-1721.

Museum Military-Historical lamabutho zobunjineli zazaliswa imiboniso emitsha kunye noovimba ngo-1965, xa wazimanya Military Museum of Communications. Phakathi izinto ezixabisekileyo - kusungulwe yokuqala kagesi ngo-1832, omashini abenziwe PL idenariyo, unomathotholo A. S. Popova ngo-1895. umdla olunzulu kusungulwe Baudot, ekuthe isigidimi uzinikele ngokupheleleyo iJamani yafunyanwa 1945.

yesinye olulandelayo ngenxa lokutshintshela kwi Military History Museum Collections yendlu-museum ka M. Kutuzov, ibekwe ePoland. Ngokukodwa Kutuzov Hall wadalwa ngenxa izinto le minikelo.

incazelo

Ngelo langoku ibakala le Museum Military-Historical koombayimbayi yeyona ingqokelela inkulu zexabiso kunye namaxwebhu kungekuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini. Phakathi iindonga kronverka wahlanganisa ingqokelela inkulu izixhobo zembali, amaxwebhu agciniweyo, izixhobo zobunjineli emkhosini, amabhaso kunye iindwe zaphawula ezahlukeneyo, iingalo kunye neemela ezincinane. iiholo Museum ahonjiswe imizobo abaculi abaziwayo, imifanekiso, enemifanekiso yabantu abalawuli kunye nenyama.

imali Mutual ibekwe kwiiholo-13 kunye kwindawo iyonke iquka 17 amawaka square metres. Le ngxowa-myuziyam ali-850 lamawaka izinto ezizodwa umdla zenzululwazi, zembali bezobugcisa. Ingqalelo oluntu kunye oosonzululwazi Ustiug ukutya (14-16 leminyaka), imipu gunsmith uYakobi obusuka ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15, ziphangwe isixhobo kwiinkulungwane 16-18.

Wekratshi kwaqokelelwa wayila iinkosi Russian iingalo - Mosina S. I., A. P. Engelgarda, V. S. Baranovskogo noninzi kakhulu ehlabathini ixabiso ingqokelela lwezixhobo ezincinane kunye nezixhobo bladed. Ezinye avuleke ebiboniswa abayili, ezifana umpu Kalashnikov.

ixabiso Artistic kunye nembali i inqwelo kettledrum ngaphambili, eyenziwe iingcibi Russian kwaye yenzelwe ukuthunyelwa inkanunu encinane kunye neflegi amajoni Ukuhlekisa Usebenziso Tsar Peter I. Ezi nqwelo zamagumbi ziyafumaneka nazo phantse zonke mabhaso zomkhosi kwabalawuli Russian, Products ukusuka ngumkhenkce, imisebenzi zesilivere amagcisa adumileyo ngexesha lakhe, isixhobo lobuqu iinjengele ezininzi, abalawuli, iinkokeli zomkhosi eSoviet.

lokudlala ngaphandle

Ngo-2002, emva kokuba ngokutsha lo mboniso esanda kuvulwa, ibekwe kwintendelezo yimyuziyam. It zisendaweni ummandla weehektare ngaphezu kwe-2, ukuyilwa lokuqokelela kwaqala 50 ekuqaleni. abatyeleli ukufikelela Vula ezinikelweyo iikopi ezingaphezu kwe-250 ka zokudubula imipu kuyo, izixhobo enomjukujelwa, iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye nobugcisa yobunjineli izicelo zomkhosi.

Ukuqokelelwa iquka izixhobo yemveliso basekhaya angaphandle, ezifikelela ngamaxesha zembali ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka yamandulo izixhobo zale mihla kwezixhobo. Olu ndwendwe uqhelane ngezixhobo esingazihlabeliyo mfutho, iiyunithi anti-moya, kuquka iiyunithi kunye ethwele zikhali. umdla Huge na abadala kunye exposure zabantwana, excursions leyo uqhuba Museum Military-Imbali ye zokudubula. Izithombe izixhobo zomkhosi kunye nezinye imiboniso kudala ukususela abe yinxalenye mandatory yenkqubo lotyelelo.

Isakhiwo indlwana Maltese ukudala enye amasebe lwembali, sinikezelwa imbali kwendalo kunye nokusasazwa angaphathi ngodaba sikarhulumente Russian. Isakhiwo ayikho ngengozi. Ku yakhiwa womzobi odumileyo Quarenghi kwaye iyinxenye lomculo i-Vorontsov Palace, phambi kokuba wabekwa Page Corps of Imperial uHlanga.

Museum yeembali angaphathi ngodaba Ndokuxelela ibali Kadetstvo eRashiya ukuya ku-1917, le yeCadet intshukumo elubhacweni. imiboniso ezizodwa abazinikele kwisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa emkhosini - Suvorov kunye Nakhimov, yamalungiselelo, yaye iya kubonisa imvuselelo kwezikolo zomkhosi eRashiya namhlanje.

umbukiso esisigxina

Umboniso esisigxina esizigubungeleyo iiholo 13. Kwi izixhaso thaca kuyabanda, umpu, afohlela, emkhosini kunye nezixhobo lobunjineli, unxibelelwano ukusuka yokuqala ukuya kwizakhiwo mihla, amabhaso, iiflegi zomkhosi, ebonisa imbali kwezixhobo zokudubula butho ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Iiholo le Museum:

• Imbali izixhobo zokudubula de ngenkulungwane ye-19.
• Imbali lamabutho zokudubula kunye nezixhobo phambi 1917.
• UMikhail Kutuzov and iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
• Imbali zokudubula imikhosi Kwiminyaka 1918-1941.
• amagumbi 2 ezingcwele ixesha zokudubula 1941-1945 ixesha IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.
• Imbali yophuhliso ngezikhali.
• Umkhosi injineli Russian ixesha pre-revolution.
• Army Corps zenjineli ukususela 1917.
• Kalashnikov Hall.
• Signalers ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1941-1945 g).
• Imbali imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso Amanxusa Signal.
• Hall kwimbali yaseYurophu isixhobo kwiinkulungwane 15-17.
• Imbali angaphathi ngodaba, izikolo Russian emkhosini.
• yokudlala yangaphandle.

imiboniso

Ngaphandle kwinkcazelo osisigxina, imiboniso, ukufakwa, imyuziyam zabanjwa ubuninzi amagumbi ezinkulu nezincinane ntlanganiso. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, kakhulu watyelela baba "Izixhobo zenkulungwane yama-20", "Gun legend kwenkulungwane yama-20", "Special nxamnye ngesothuso" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ipowusta ngo-2017 ufuna ukutyelela umboniso:

• "Ukhozi Russian kwiiBalkans" (iza kuqhuba de kube sekupheleni kuka January 31, 2018). Abazinikele isikhumbuzo 140th zemfazwe Russian-Turkish.
• "Ixesha sasidibana yokulwa regiments ..." (luphele ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 2017). Exposure ucinga isilayi ixesha kwiziganeko biography of Colonel-Jikelele USEBENZE Taranovich.
• "Victory Design" (vula de ngoSeptemba 2017). Abazinikele isikhumbuzo 120th lowo wengcibi yokuluka ngompu-Umatshini PCA WWII G. S. Shpagina.
• "Ukubuyiselwa wethamsanqa D. Brianchaninov" (de ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2017). Uthi ngobomi, kwaye bayahlelwa imisebenzi St. Ignatius Brianchaninov.
• "Ukususela OSAVIAHIMa ukuya Yunarmii" (de September 30, 2017). Eyayinikelwe kwimbali zikolo DOSAAF.

imiboniso lwethutyana ekhokelwa ukhenketho, nto leyo eya kuba umdla kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana.

reviews

Museum Military-Historical lohlolo zokudubula ezinamaBakala HIV ngenxa iphelele, ilifa etyebileyo yembali, ukhenketho ezisemgangathweni ezifunyaniswe engalindelekanga ezenza zonke abakhenkethi abangena amagumbi. Abatyeleli waphawula mali amaxabiso yamatikiti ukuvumela nokufotwa umboniso ephambili, ngokunjalo ukufikelela simahla kwindawo evulekileyo.

Zonke kwanabandwendweleyo umangale kakuhle walondoloza iintlobo ezizizo, ezinqabileyo kwezixhobo. Kwinkcazelo kwakunomdla hayi kuphela abakhenkethi eyindoda, abaninzi baye bafumanisa besini enobulungisa. Iindwendwe isindululo ngokufudumeleyo ukundwendwela myuziyam yaye kukholelwa ukuba, ambetha kanye, wonke umntu uya ufuna ukubuya ngaphezu kanye.

ingxelo engentle, kodwa kukho izikhalazo malunga zokukhanya kumagumbi ezithile, iimpawu elifutshane kakhulu kwaye fact sheets Kukho imiboniso umdla.

inkcazelo eluncedo

Apho Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula? Idilesi ngayo: St. Petersburg, Alexander Park, Ukwakha 7 (Art "Gorky" metro.).

ukwamkelwa:

• Abantu abadala - 400 engange.
• Kubantwana - 250 engange.
• iindidi Policy yabantu - 250 engange.
• Kuba abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo, abafundi esikoleni sokufundela, abadla umhlala - 100 engange.

Intlawulo yi ngentlawulo yemali, amakhadi zeentengo zemboleko ukuba yamkelwe. Phone ulwazi ongasemva ifumaneka kwi-website esemthethweni, leyo, Kakade ke, lo Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula.

Indlela yokusebenza ye kwiiholo umboniso - 11: 00-18: 00, veki - ngoMvulo nangoLwesibini zonke ngoLwesine wokugqibela enyangeni.

Akukho kuphela ezithengiswa umdla Military-Historical Museum of zokudubula. Imbali iboniswa maxwebhu, oovimba, iincwadi zembali, ukuba ukuhlangana leyo inokuba in a library kwiziko yenzululwazi. Hours - ngoLwesibini nangoLwesine (11: 00-17: 00), ezahlulwe amaxwebhu agciniweyo evulekileyo ngooLwezithathu kunye ngooLwezihlanu (10: 00-16: 30).