Melika: labantu yelizwekazi, imvelaphi kunye neempawu zayo

Americas iqulathe amazwekazi ezimbini ezinkulu - North nakuMzantsi Melika. Ngomhla kummandla we-23 zokuqala mkhulu kunye umbuso ozimeleyo mancinane, yaye inxalenye yesibini kumazwe ali-15. Abantu bomthonyama apha amaNdiya, Eskimos, Aleuts, kunye nabanye. Emva kokufunyanwa Yehlabathi Elitsha uChristopher Columbus ngo-1492, waqala ukuba ikoloni esebenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, lonke eli lizwekazi le-American labantu ngoku kwaye iingcambu zaseYurophu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokutsho iirekhodi zembali, i Vikings kuqala watyelela apha malunga neminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, amaphulo zabo kunqabile, ngoko nefuthe elibonakalayo abantu ukuba zenziwe.

Ukubunjwa nobuhlanga abemi North American

Ukususela namhlanje, phezu nemisinga nakuMntla Melika sabantu ikakhulu imela kwinzala yaseBritani, isiFrentshi, yaye baseSpeyin azinza apha phakathi kwamathanga. Kule nkalo, inkoliso yabahlali balapha amazwe basebenzisa lweelwimi ezichaphazelekayo. Okungaphandle ukuze ithathelwe ingqalelo ezinye izizwe Indiya, ikakhulu abahlala kummandla Mexico. Baye bakwazi ukulondoloza ulwimi lwabo lweenkobe ukuya namhlanje. Malunga nezigidi mabini AmaMelika Negro. izinyanya zabo zaziswa apha e Afrika naloo mazwe ayesaya kulawula ukuba ukunika abasebenzi ulikhoboka kumasimi zasekuhlaleni. Ngoku zithathwa ngokusesikweni yinxalenye yolo hlanga American kwaye uninzi bahlala eUnited States, kwakunye kwi zeCaribbean, apho nazo kukho inani elikhulu mulattos kunye mestizos.

ubukhulu nobuninzi

Inani labemi North America kaThixo lingaphezulu kwabantu million 528. Abaninzi babo buzinze eUnited States, Canada kunye Mexico. Kule mazwe ezimbini zokuqala esilawulwa kwinzala abafuduki evela eFransi eNgilani, kwaye eyesithathu - eSpeyin. Iintlanga zokuqala oluphucukileyo apha zadalwa yamaMaya kunye Aztec. Into umdla olwahlula kwilizwekazi nakuMntla Melika - labemi isasazwa edyokhweni kakhulu. mninzi yayo ephezulu waphawula kwi zeCaribbean emazantsi. Apha ke abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini square kilometre. Ngapha koko, eli nani kakhulu eziphakamileyo kwinxalenye esempuma lizwekazi kunye eUnited States.

Ukubunjwa yobuhlanga yabemi boMzantsi Melika

Ngokusisiseko, phezu nemisinga yoMzantsi Melika labemi bubonakaliswe iintlanga ezintathu ezinkulu - Caucasoid, Mongoloid ne zemvula. nokubunjwa kwayo uhlanga ikakhulu enxulumene kwezinye izinto awohluke kuphuhliso ngembali mmandla. Okwangoku, kukho ubomi abameli iintlanga phantse 250, uninzi lwazo, ngokungafaniyo North, ukusekwa kakhulu kutshanje. Thatha inxaxheba nokudaleka wathabatha Indians zemveli kunye Yurophu kunye namakhoboka Afrika.

Ke kaloku yabemi boMzantsi Melika becala iquka nazo - inzala boyisa ka eSpeyin kunye Portugal, ababezalelwe kweli lizwekazi. Ukuba siqalisa kule parameter njenge nani, kulandele mestizos kunye mulattos. Uninzi kwamazwe indawo apha, kukho isakhiwo kunokuba nzima zabahlali, ngokusekelwe kwindawo yobuhlanga ngayo. Umzekelo, eBrazil kukho malunga asibhozo izizwe (ngaphandle incinane), e-Argentina - malunga amahlanu, eVenezuela, Peru, Chile, Colombia kunye Bolivia - ngaphezulu kwe amabini kwilizwe ngalinye.

Inani labemi baseMzantsi American kunye nobuninzi yayo

Ngokutsho kwe data ezisemthethweni yakutshanje, abemi boMzantsi Melika idlula uphawu kwesigidi sabantu 382. avareji density wawo zwekazi kuluhlu ukusuka abemi ezilishumi ukuya ezingamashumi amathathu square kilometre. Eli nani lingaphantsi kuphela eBolivia, Suriname, Guyana kunye French Guiana. E Umzantsi Melika, abaphandi abaninzi bahlule iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili yokuhlala - ngaphakathi priokeansky. Eyokuqala kwezi luphawulwa kakhulu kumazwe Andes (umzekelo Bolivia, nto leyo eli lizwe kakhulu weentaba ihlabathi), kwaye eyesibini - amazwe zophuhliso yayo iphenjelelwa amazwe ngabantu baseYurophu (Argentina, Brazil).

Iilwimi e Umzantsi Melika

labemi boMzantsi Merika kumazwe amaninzi athetha Spanish. Nguye ligosa kumazwe amaninzi asekuhlaleni. Kulo mzekelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhankanya into yokuba iqulethe isixa omkhulu ngokuboleka IsiNgesi, isiFrentshi, Italian kunye nesiJamani. indawo yesibini fanele ukuya Portuguese nezwe. Eli lizwe likhulu apho luthatyathwa igosa, i Brazil. Phakathi IsiNgesi abathetha imimandla onokubonwa Guyana, abalunikelwayo kwakanye eyayilithânga yaseBritani. E Paraguay, eBolivia kunye Peru, urhulumente lwesibini Indian iilwimi - Aztec, Guarani kunye isiQuechua.