Maykl Porter kunye imfundiso yakhe yenzuzo kukhuphiswano. Umfuziselo imikhosi ezintlanu lokhuphiswano Michael Porter

Namhlanje, ayenziwa e zomnotho ubudlelwane. Phantse onke amazwe elithile okanye kwelinye abandakanyeka kuzo. Kulo mzekelo, amanye amazwe kufumana inzuzo enkulu yorhwebo langaphandle, rhoqo ukwandisa imveliso, ngoxa abanye anokuqulatha ayifiki amandla ekhoyo. Le meko ibangelwa inqanaba ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho.

Ukungxamiseka ngxaki

Ingcamango okhuphiswano obuxhasa ingxoxo eninzi kwizangqa abantu ukuba bathathe izigqibo corporate kunye norhulumente nolawulo. Umdla anda umba ibangwa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Enye engundoqo umnqweno amazwe ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo iimfuno zoqoqosho, ukutshintsha kwi jikelele. igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso ingqikelelo ukhuphiswano urhulumente wazisa Maykl Porter. Cinga izimvo zakhe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Ingcamango jikelele

Umgangatho wokuphila kwimo ethile ulinganiswa ngokwemiqathango bahluphekayo umntu ngamnye. Kwenyusa kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Uhlalutyo Michael Porter yabonisa ukuba uxhathiso karhulumente kwimarike langaphandle engamelanga ithathwe njenge njenge udidi yoqoqosho olukhulu, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngokusebenzisa-nkqubo yezoqoqosho neyemali. Kufuneka kuchazwe ngokuthi yokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule eyinkunzi kunye nabasebenzi. ingeniso National wenziwa kwinqanaba lweshishini elo. Kule meko, urhulumente ntle uqoqosho kufuneka ingqalelo ngokunxulumene kwinkampani ngamnye.

Imfundiso loncedo lokhuphiswano Michael Porter (ngokufutshane)

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo ishishini kufuneka abe ixabiso eliphantsi okanye yokunika iimveliso umgangatho neenkalo ngenani eliphezulu. Ukuze ukugcina isikhundla, iinkampani kufuneka gqolo ukuphucula iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe imveliso. Njengoko kuvala okhethekileyo Ndibabale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye namanye amazwe. Bakha esinamandla kwiinkampani. Kunye nale, ukhuphiswano kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe linokuba kuphela nempembelelo entle iinkampani, kodwa ukwenza ezithile ishishini ongancedi ngokupheleleyo. Eli lungiselelo aziyi kuqwalaselwa phakathi negative ngokupheleleyo. Maykl Porter ubonisa ukuba urhulumente zibanga kwezo ziqwempu apho esebenza kakhulu nemveliso. Ngako oko, imfuno ukungenisa iimveliso wayewise apho iinkampani ukubonisa iziphumo unobubi ngaphezu mveliso kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, uya kwandisa inqanaba iyonke yokusebenza. Enye yeendima eziphambili sokungena uya kwenza kuyo. Ukwandisa kwemveliso kungenziwa ngokusekwa iinkampani lwembali amazwe. Ke idluliselwe yinxalenye yemveliso - ezingasebenziseki kakuhle, kodwa naphaya ngakumbi kwiimeko ezintsha. Inzuzo efunyenwe imveliso, lithunyelwe kurhulumente, nokunyusa ingeniso yesizwe.

ezithunyelwa

ayikwazi ukuba ukukhuphisana kuzo zonke iinkalo zemveliso Akukho karhulumente. Xa zokuthengisela ishishini omnye ukunyusa kunye nezinto neendleko. Oku, ngokufanelekileyo, kuchaphazela kakubi i ziqwempu okungenani kukhuphiswano. Kumaxabiso ezithunyelwa na ukuba sibuqonde lwemali kazwelonke. qhinga Michael Porter sibonisa ukuba ukwanda okuqhelekileyo ezithunyelwa kuya kuba negalelo ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso kwamanye amazwe. Kwezinye mveliso, Kakade, esi sikhundla ziya kulahleka, kodwa abanye bafumane esomelela ngokomelela. Maykl Porter ukholelwa ukuba amanyathelo protectionist uya ayikokunqamla umsebenzi karhulumente kumazwe angaphandle, isantya nokunyuka kwemigangatho yokuphila ekuhambeni kwexesha.

ingxaki luyafezekiswa

urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye notyalo amazwe, Kakade ke, ungakwazi ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa imveliso lwesizwe. Kodwa ke, nabo babe negalelo elibi kuyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuzo zonke sebe ushishino kwinqanaba langoku kunye nokusebenza ngokwenene isalamane. Umzekelo, icandelo okunokutsalela ngayo izibonelelo, kodwa ukuthunyelwa akunakwenzeka. Ishishini ayikho nako ukumelana nokhuphiswano entsimini sokungenisa, ukuba hayi kwinqanaba ngokupheleleyo okhuphiswano.

imikhosi ezintlanu lokhuphiswano Michael Porter

Ukuba icandelo industrial kweli lizwe, ukulahlekelwa umhlaba kumashishini amazwe nemveliso kakhulu kweli lizwe, ukukwazi kwalo okupheleleyo ukubonelela liyancipha imveliso kwalo. Kunjalo kwiinkampani ekuhamba imisebenzi nenzuzo ngakumbi amazwe, ngenxa yokuba kukho imali ngaphantsi neengeniso. theory Michael Porter kaThixo, ngamafutshane, inxibelelanisa izinto ezininzi ezibonakalisa uzinzo lizwe kwimalike zangaphandle. Kuzo zonke zikarhulumente, kukho iindlela ezininzi ukwandisa ukhuphiswano. Kusetyenziswane zesayensi ezisuka kumazwe alishumi, Maykl Porter kuye kwasekwa inkqubo kwezi zilandelayo:

1. iimeko Factor.
2. Sikhonza kunye namashishini anxulumene.
3. imiba kweemfuno zangaphakathi.
4. Strategy kunye nesakhiwo inkampani, ukhuphiswano phakathi kweli shishini.
5. Indima ye-nkqubo yoluntu kunye randomness.

izimo

imodeli Michael Porter sibonisa ukuba kolu didi ziquka:

1. Abasebenzi. Bona luphawulwa ubuchule, indleko, ubungakanani yabasebenzi, ubude kweenguqu zaloo msebenzi. Abasebenzi zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kukho iimfuno zabo kubaqeshwa ezahlukeneyo kushishino ngalunye.
2. amandla Scientific Ulwazi. It is a database entsonkothileyo ukuba nefuthe iinkonzo kunye nempahla. Le amandla buzinze kumaziko ophando, uncwadi, iziseko ulwazi, iiyunivesithi, njalo njalo.
3. imithombo yendalo ngokwasemzimbeni. Bona kumiselwa umgangatho, ixabiso, ukufumaneka, ubungakanani bomhlaba, imithombo yamanzi, izibonelelo izimbiwa, amahlathi kunye njalo njalo. Olu didi ikwaquka iimeko zemozulu kuzo.
4. Capital - mali ingabhekiswa kutyalo-mali. Olu didi ikwaquka kwinqanaba lokonga, ubume kwiimarike yesizwe zemali.
5. Infrastructure. Oku kuquka inothungelwano lwezothutho, inkqubo yonxibelelwano kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, iinkonzo zeposi, iintengiselwano intlawulo phakathi kwamaziko zebhanki kunye nabanye.

Explained

Maykl Porter ubonisa ukuba iimeko eziphambili into akaqhotyoshelwanga ilifa, kodwa wadala yi lizwe ngokwayo. Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso akukho ukufumaneka, kwaye izinga mechanism lwabo ukubunjwa nokuphuculwa. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba lokuhlela zinto kuphuhliso kunye esisiseko, ezizodwa kunye jikelele. Kulo kulandela ukuba uzinzo karhulumente kwimarike langaphandle, kusekelwe phezu kweemeko ngentla, womelele ngokwaneleyo, nangona ethe elifutshane elide. Ukuziqhelisa, kukho intabalala yobungqina ukuxhasa imodeli Michael Porter. Umzekelo - Sweden. Kusilungele, ukuba ukusebenzisa iidipozithi zabo inkulu ephantsi sulphur yentsimbi de de ayitshintshanga kwimarike yaseYurophu inkqubo ikakhulu Western metallurgical. Ngenxa yoko, umgangatho esikrwada wayeka ukuhlawula iindleko eziphezulu kwemveliso yawo. Xa inani lwamashishini eliphezulu-zokwakha iimeko ezithile ezisisiseko (umzekelo, izibonelelo yabasebenzi cheap kunye nobutyebi kwezibonelelo zendalo) ukuze unganikeli na iingenelo. Ukuphucula ukusebenza, kufuneka ezilungiselelwe mveliso namashishini athile. Kokuba abasebenzi ezizodwa ekusetyenzweni amashishini mveliso, nto leyo yenze kwenye yingxaki.

nokubuyisela

imodeli Michael Porter xa uthatha ukuba ukunqongophala iimeko ezithile ezingundoqo abanokusebenza nomelele, yokukhuthaza inkampani ukuphucula nokuphuhlisa. Ngokomzekelo, eJapan, kukho ukunqongophala komhlaba. Ukungabikho kwale nto ibalulekileyo ukwenza njengesiseko sophuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi compact zeteknoloji kunye neenkqubo nto leyo, zithandwa kakhulu kwimarike yehlabathi. Ukunqongophala imiqathango ethile kufuneka mababuyekezwe nezinye iingenelo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ezintsha kufuneka abelwe abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

inkqubo State

theory Michael Porter akuthethi cinga phakathi imiba esisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, i inkcazo ekusetyenzwa phantsi kwazo zinefuthe uzinzo lizwe kwimarike angaphandle, urhulumente unendima ekhethekileyo. Maykl Porter ikholelwa ukuba kufuneka usebenze nje kuvala. Ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wayo, urhulumente asebenze ngayo zoonke nkqubo. Le ukusebenza kuba yingenelo, kunye navumelanayo. Kule nkalo, kubalulekile icacise eziphambili nkqubo karhulumente. Nemikhombandlela jikelele uNojaji ukukhuthaza uphuhliso, ushukumisa ezintsha, ukwandisa ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zasekhaya.

Yemfundiso yemfundiso karhulumente

On izalathi si zokunikwa imibandela yemveliso babe mali nempembelelo, umgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo, iimarike zemali kunye nabanye. URhulumente umisela imigangatho lwangaphakathi kunye nemigangatho ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezithile, ngokwemiyalelo ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kwabathengi. Urhulumente rhoqo enze njengomthengi elikhulu iimveliso ezahlukeneyo (izithuthi impahla, emkhosini, imfundo, unxibelelwano, ukhathalelo lwempilo, njalo njalo). Urhulumente unako ukudala iimeko zokuphuhliswa kwamashishini ngokusekwa ulawulo lithetha zentengiso, ukulawula ukusebenza kwezibonelelo. nkqubo kaRhulumente kwilizwe lomsebenzi isakhiwo, isicwangciso, ingakumbi kumashishini ukhuphiswano ngokusebenzisa iindlela irhafu, amalungiselelo omthetho. ifuthe karhulumente kwinqanaba yelizwe okhuphiswano mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kunjalo kuyinxenye kuphela.

isiphelo

elements inkqubo libeka abaphikisana karhulumente, ivumela ukuba ukujonga umgangatho wophuhliso lwawo, isakhiwo kuqoqosho. Ukuhlelwa amazwe ngamanye lwaqhutywa ngexesha lekhefu elithile. Ngenxa yoko sele inikezelwe zigaba 4 zophuhliso ngokungqinelana kunye nemikhosi ezine eziphambili: imiba yemveliso, ubutyebi, intuthuko, utyalo-mali. Kwisigaba ngasinye luphawulwa iseti yaso kwamashishini kunye nemisebenzi amashishini abo. Ukuqhela izigaba ivumela ukubonisa inkqubo yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ukuchonga iingxaki nazo ziinkampani.