Makhe sithethe ngendlela yokufumana indlela protons, neutron kunye electron

Makhe sithethe ngendlela yokufumana indlela protons, neutron kunye electron. Xa atom kukho iintlobo ezintathu amasuntswana nezakhiwo, kwaye ngalinye isigxina yayo aphantsi, ubunzima.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo isiqalo

Ukuze siqonde ukufumana indlela protons, neutron kunye elektroni, bamele isakhiwo ethile engundoqo. Le yinxalenye enkulu ye atom. Ngaphakathi isiqalo ezi protons amalungiselelo kunye neutron, ekubhekiselelwe nucleons. Ngaphakathi isiqalo, ezi amasuntswana unokuwisa omnye.

Umzekelo, ukufumana protons, neutron kunye electron e hydrogen atom kuyimfuneko ukwazi inani layo ulandelelwano. Ukuba sicinga ukuba lwesi sakhi ikhokelwe inkqubo ngamaxesha athile, yaseburhulumenteni iqulethe Proton enye.

Netoti i ngumongo atom yinxalenye ezilishumi-sewaka ubungakanani atom iyonke. Ijolise isambuku atom. Ngokobunzima olungundoqo mkhulu ngokuphindwe kaliwaka udibaniso lwamaxabiso wonke electron akhoyo kwi-atom.

yamasuntswana kwabalinganiswa

Cinga ukufumana indlela protons, neutron kunye electron e i-atom, uze ufunde malunga neempawu zabo. Proton - is an yamasuntswana samabanga aphantsi, okuhambelana ngumongo atom hydrogen. ubunzima balo lidlula electron ngokuphindwe 1836. Ukuze ubone ngeyunithi nganye yombane edlula umqhubi kunye kwangaphambili cross-candelo, kusetyenziswa i intlawulo sombane.

atom ngalinye inani elithile protons kwi ngumongo lilapha. Elo lixabiso rhoqo, ebonakala ngeempawu yemichiza emzimbeni lwesi sakhi.

Indlela ukufumana protons, neutron kunye elektroni kwi-atom carbon? Inani ukulandelelana umchiza element 6, ngenxa yoko, amathandathu protons equlathwe ngumongo. Ngokutsho imodeli zomhlaba yesakhiwo-atom, yajikeleza umphakathi ihamba omise electron ezintandathu. Ukuze ubone inani neutron kwixabiso usisizalwane ubunzima atom le carbon (12) uthabathe inani protons (6), sinokuyifumana neutron ezintandathu.

inani protons ehambelana ku-26, oko kukuthi, esi sakhi inani 26 kule theyibhile periodic atom yentsimbi.

Neutron yi ngombane yamasuntswana cala, oguquguqukayo ngurhulumente free. Neutron uyakwazi ukuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo ibe Proton kakuhle ityala, idangatya ovela kunye antineutrino oku. I-avareji isiqingatha-ubomi imizuzu-12. inani Mass - ixabiso lilonke inani protons kunye neutron kwi ngumongo atom. Makhe sibone ukuba afumane indlela protons, neutron kunye electron kwi ion? Ukuba atom ngexesha intsebenziswano imichiza nenye into unenxaxheba igcwala karhulumente entle, inani protons kunye neutron khona akawatshintshi loo manqaku, electron kuphela kuba ezincinane.

isiphelo

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ngokuphathelele isakhiwo-atom, kodwa akukho nanye kuzo azinakuphila. Phambi kokuba uguqulelo wadala Rutherford, akukho inkcazelo ethe vetshe malunga indawo ngaphakathi isiqalo protons kunye neutron, kwakunye njengokujikeleza zisuke elijekelezayo lwe electron. Emva kokuba ukubonakala isakhiwo langa e-worldwork theory atom, abaphandi babe nethuba nje ukufumanisa inani amasuntswana nezakhiwo kwi-atom; kodwa ukuqikelela iimpawu zomzimba lwemichiza ikhemikali into ethile.