Lokungcangcazela kwi niyahiliza, izizathu kunye nezisombululo

Iduma - lo ngumsebenzi injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye clutch disengaged nofakelo ugqithiso ibe cala. Kulo mzekelo, akukho transmission amandla kwenjini torque ukuya umphini, Ndithetha injini iduma (kungoko igama). Njengoko ukusebenza kuboniswe injini sinesiphene akufuneki afake naziphi na iimpawu uphawu ngohlobo lokungcangcazela, pops nendaba, nezandi. Kodwa ukuba kukho lokungcangcazela kwi niyahiliza, oko kuthetha ukuba injini utshintshile, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakhulu umsebenzi wayo Isandla engcono. Ukuze kufikelelwe imali, kufuneka ungalibali ukususwa nandzu. Kwaye loo nto kukho lokungcangcazela yomelele angoongantweni njani le ngxaki iqhubeka, xelela inqaku namhlanje yethu.

Yintoni na le mali eqhelekileyo ngesantya?

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo injini ekusebenzeni njengeqhelekileyo iduma inani revolutions ye crankshaft uvela 800 ukuya 1000 ngomzuzu. Ukuba ixabiso liyi ngezantsi olu phawu, injini zokuthengisela nje. Kodwa kwimeko ophezulu idle ngesantya motor uya ukufunxa amafutha ngakumbi. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iinxalenye kunye amacandelo ICE ukubathwala imithwalo enzima, yaye ngaloo ndlela ubomi inkonzo yabo lifinyele.

izizathu

Kutheni lokungcangcazela kwenzeka kwi iphela ningasebenzi? Kaninzi oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• ezintathu injini. Kule meko umntu akakwazi ukusebenza ukusuka cylinder injini.
• Engafanele injini apha.
• Ezinye izinto. Malunga kwabo siya kuchaza kamva.

MAKING

Ngoko ke, isizathu lokuqala ukumqumbisa lokungcangcazela injini. ezintathu injini - oku unobangela unstability kakhulu anokubakho injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi, ekubeni kukho kungalingani ebalulekileyo kunye nokwabiwa ngokungafanelekanga wolayisho kwi crankshaft ngexesha lombhobho bengasebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, uyakwazi ukubona indlela uphakamisa injini ngapha nangapha. Kwakhona, kukho nini na obonakalayo lokungcangcazela ezintathu steering. Imile zonke ezi mpawu buqapheleke. Ngokuqina shaft kwamaphiko, zisisa lula engaqhelekanga. Kodwa uya kuqaphela njengoko ngemoto ukutsala amafutha ngakumbi kakhulu ukuba alahlekelwe amandla, ingakumbi xa uqhuba "longele".

Isisombululo kule meko, omnye kuphela - ukuze kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza lombhobho non-esebenzayo. Ukuba oku akwenzeki kwenziwe ngexesha, apho kuza kungekudala coking amalungu igeza. Kulo mzekelo, ubomi bebhetri kuya kuncipha kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba zamafutha ungatshiswa egumbini, kodwa uhlamba kuphela lesithambiso.

motor asilungiselelwanga eqhotyoshelwe

Oku kwakhona ngomnye ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuba kukho Intshukumo emzimbeni bengasebenzi. Amaninzi, ingxaki enxulumene kukuwohloka iinyembezi omnye izibophelelo apho injini imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Kwakhona, kokukona umzimba kwi idle kuvela ukusetyenziswa izinto eqwalasele ngqongqo kakhulu. Kodwa zithe zavakaliswa khona ezi ngxaki nto ifihlakeleyo, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka sizilungise. Kakade ke, injini enyusiweyo ngokufanelekileyo akukho nje kuyoyikisa njengoko cylinder ezaphukileyo kuyo. Kodwa ukuze aphephe Abokuhlunguzelelwa rhoqo kunye nesandi kufuneka utshintshe inkxaso, okanye ukulungisa imeko yabo kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Indlela ukufumana zezinto obandayo le injini? Yenza kube lula kakhulu. Ukwenza njalo, vula ukwesona ubize umncedisi kwi Toggle "neytralku" emva phambili nezixhobo. Kwaye ngeli xesha kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo indawo injini isekela. Ngoko ke, nina serially ubuya kuyithula apho iingxowa, koko siphinde sibambe enjinini. Ngotshintsho ngalinye izixhobo ezitsha i-injini ziya baphambuke kumacala ahlukeneyo kwinkalo enye. Ukuba amanye amaqela wacinezela ngakumbi kunesiqhelo, ngoko kule ndawo ufuna ukubuyisela komqamelo.

ezinye izinto

Ukongeza lombhobho bengasebenzi kunye injini fixed ngokuchanekileyo lokungcangcazela kwi ninganqeni, ibe nomsindo eziliqela nezinye izinto. Kakade ke, kukho azixhaphakanga, kodwa sekunjalo kuthathwa njengento ukhetho.

Inyathelo lokuqala uqaphele iziqalelo amafutha nkqubo. Ukuba zimdaka kakhulu, umxube umoya-fuel akayi azitshise ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwanda isantya sokuqukuqela, kwabakho isandi esingaqhelekanga (mhlawumbi okona kuqhwaba) kunye ukungcangcazela. Okubi, ukuba amanzi ingena ipetroli. Kulo mzekelo, ingozi coking cylinder kwenzeka ukongeza iindleko ezinkulu amafutha. Ngenxa yoko, i-injini ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo amafutha kusichukumisa oyile injini ke uthuthu, nto leyo nayo kakubi kuchaphazela lemijikelo lwangaphakathi omlilo injini.

Isizathu sesibini - iindawo ezahlukeneyo ubunzima iqela cylinder-piston. Ukusebenza emotweni, ingakumbi ukuba iqhutywa ngaphezulu kwama-200 ophosa, kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo injini, kwaye maxa wambi ukubuyisela iinxalenye kulo. Nokuba umahluko encinane ubunzima inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza injini kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye kumayelana zonke iinxalenye injini, nokuba uswazi piston okanye isondo.

On emotweni ethile encinci nge electronic yolawulo umcephe inkqubo cabin lokungcangcazela kwi idle inokuba ngenxa umthwalo olwandileyo le generator. Ngakumbi rhoqo kwenzeka ebusika, xa imoto ngaxeshanye ukusebenza izibane, imbawula, ndikufuna, izihlalo nezibuko. Amaxesha amaninzi kwezi iimoto lokungcangcazela kwenzeka ngexesha engetelekeke. Xa umqhubi ukhupha enyovwayo namafutha, kwi-ibhodi khompyutha inika umqondiso kwi wokuvala vana bangenzi lutho, yaye umthwalo weenjini ukusuka wenkunkuma kubonakala - kwa kule mzuzu kukho imoto eyomeleleyo ukungcangcazela. Idla liyalahleka emva kwemizuzwana 3-5. lokungcangcazela ezifana ingasebenzi iimoto ezincinci, ingakumbi transmission oluzenzekelayo, yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ingasombululwa usebenzisa i aphezulu amafutha ezikumgangatho kunye nokutshintsha zezulu lokucoca ulwelo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba injini behlunguzela nga kwenzeka xa ibhanti ixesha kufakwa, ingakumbi kwimeko apho shaft gear balancer yokubolekisana kunye iinxalenye isusiwe. Emva kokuba icala akunakwenzeka ukuba bawele kwindawo yayo yoqobo. Ngoko ke, xa ingena luqhwemesha kufuneka ukuvula shaft gear ngeminwe yakho, ngaphandle kokuba ufuna ukuvavanya imeko iibheringi. Kodwa apha simele silumke kakhulu icocekile kwaye ikhuselekile. Naluphi na ukubana kwamalungu kunokuba abe nethala ukungcangcazela, ukudala nobunzima rhoqo wena abakhweli zakho.

crankshaft balancing

Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba lokungcangcazela kwi idle kuvela emva kokutshintsha crankshaft. Into yokuba le nkalo njengoko ivili eqhelekileyo phambi ufakelo kufuneka kudlule inkqubo Ukulinganiswa. Oku kulinganiswa othini lwaso kunye flywheel kunye nengobozi clutch. Xa oku inkosi uqheliso ngaphandle kwakuwo ukusuka kumphezulu. Ukuba le nkqubo sele akwenziwanga, kwaye crankshaft efakwe ngaphandle ekulinganisweni kwangaphambili, linda kuba Abokuhlunguzelelwa enogonyamelo.

Yiyiphi imiphumo nesiphumo idle eliphantsi?

Isindululo kunye nokusebenza lenjini ngesantya asezantsi kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uzama kunisasaza, kunokukhokelela yokonakala ngokukhawuleza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Piston injini (ibhloko injini itshabalele).
• Ifaka crankshaft.
• Bamba.
• Flywheel.
• iibheringi yokudlulisa.
• Ixesha chain. Ngesantya esisezantsi, nesikhondo usasolulile nje.
• Imikhumbi njengesilinda. Ngenxa uthuthu lweziko konakele iindonga zabo.

Ngenxa yoko, kunye lokungcangcazela rhoqo kwenzeka wear ngokukhawuleza ungamalungu injini. Noko ke, ukukhuthazwa yakhe ikhutshwa phandle kwacotha, kunye Crankshaft gasket kutshatyalaliswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko ukuvuza oyile ibonakala.

Izithetha ngabom yeenguqu

Abanye abaqhubi abantu ngabom oko bangenzi lutho isantya baba ngezantsi eqhelekileyo. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo ngenxa uqoqosho amafutha. Noko ke, amava aye abonisa ukuba esi sisombululo ayikho oluchanekileyo. Khumbula ukuba ukulungiswa kunye ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezigugileyo liphuma injini enokubadla imali eninzi kakhulu, kunye namacwecwe amaxesha. Ngoko ke musa ngabom understate isantya injini, sicinga ukuba oku kuya kongela sisipaji sakho.

Indlela ukulungisa injini?

Ngoko ke, saba lokungcangcazela kwi bengasebenzi. Yintoni zilungiswe? Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo inani amacandelo kunye neendibano ifakiwe kwindlela amafutha. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo sithuthi amandla kusenokuba isiBeki, i injector, kunye nobunzima boluvo ezahlukeneyo elektroniki mechanical, utshintsho ezimotweni mihla inani babe inqwaba. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto na adjustable kunye nempompo amafutha.

Ngokwenza i hlengahlengiso, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inani revolutions ixhomekeke iqondo ucinezelo ye ivelufa umcephe wokunyusa, elawula ukuhamba umoya lombhobho, kwakunye iduma, umsebenzi vana, ezisa ioksijini ngokuzimeleyo inxalenye yokuqala. Ukwandisa eli xabiso senziwa esebenzisa namafutha namafutha. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulungelelanisa ongasithemba amaxabiso 800-1000 neziphithiphithi / min.

Indlela ukusindisa ubomi iinxalenye injini kwi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukusebenza?

Ukuze bandise nokuphila motor, kuyimfuneko nje iliso isixa eqhelekileyo ujikelezo crankshaft. Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba akwazi ukusebenza njani imoto, ukukhetha uluhlu ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi. Iingcali Siyaleza benze utshintsho ukuya izixhobo ephakamileyo kuluhlu isantya injini phakathi torque incopho namandla ubuninzi. Enanikade ngexesha intshukumo phantsi komthwalo eliphezulu (umzekelo, xa eqhuba phezu kwentaba) akukho mfuneko yokuba avumele ukuwa shaft torque kumaxabiso kufutshane esigangeni. Kwathi kamsinya nje uzive zisisa uphawu i-mafutha kakhulu, ngoko nangoko switsha a izixhobo asezantsi. Kungenjalo, iinxalenye injini phantsi layisha phezulu. Oku kunokubangela ukusilela lonke iqela cylinder-piston. Khumbula ukuba injini ophezulu-revving (ingakumbi ipetroli) ayikho nje kuyoyikisa njengezinga. Ukuba unayo imoto yepetroli, utshintshe indlela zakho lokuqhuba ukuze isantya injini xa uqhuba akehla aye ukuya kwizigidi ezi-2 okanye ngaphantsi. Kuvumelekile ukuba ukuphakamisa iinqobo crankshaft 6000-8000 Rev / min. Xa uziva ukuba imoto yakho wayeka okuwisa kwaye nje malunga eza kubugqiba, switsha izixhobo esezantsi, kwaye nayiphi na imeko musa ukuvumela ukuncitshiswa nesantya ukuya intlokoma, ingakumbi xa uhamba longele. ukusebenza isithuthi kulo imo uya kubasindisa izinto ukusuka ukuguga kwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, hayi ukuba avele "vysokooborotisty" indlela yokuqhuba nangayiphi na indlela ukwandisa amafutha.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba kutheni kukho lokungcangcazela kwi idle kunokuba oko kubizwa kwaye ukulungisa njani. Ngenxa yoko, injini anti-benqumla idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni umsebenzi ekhuselekileyo, ethembekileyo kunye ithuba elide kwezi moto amakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha. Nawuphi lokungcangcazela, kuquka iduma, yingozi kakhulu imoto. Oku hayi ubuhlungu kuwe noomatiloshe bakho, kodwa ubukhulu becala yingozi enjinini. Imeko banganyuka nezitshixo ziba engagunyaziswanga namandongomane. Kakade, le iziphene kungakhokelela ngemiphumo kakhulu engalindelekanga.