Le ndibano ngezilingo; iintlobo, iintlobo, schema, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngawaphi amacandelo? Knotability for "Dummies"

Nodes kwimbali yoluntu yabonakala ekuqaleni kakhulu - endala eyaziwa bafunyanwa Finland kunye lilungu ongasekhoyo Stone Age. Ngophuhliso impucuko nokuphuhlisa iindlela ukunitha, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; zohlulwa ngokwendidi, iintlobo nakubungakanani ukusetyenziswa. Uhlobo inkulu yi inani iinguqulelo - amaqhina.

Indima iindawo kwi kwamasiko nenkolo

Kukho lohlanga ngeendlela ngeentsontelo ezibophelelayo eyaziyo kwiipropati limangalisa, ezisetyenziswa kubomi onke amacandelo oluntu. Kubekho impucuko ukuba babe nazo ndlela aluvumelekanga. Owona mzekelo idumileyo bamva i - yaMandulo Rome: ababingeleli etempileni kaZeyus akuvumelekile ukuba iimpahla node ubuncinane enye.

Iintlanga ezininzi zehlabathi kwakukho zonqulo, iziza ezingcwele: Chinese "kwiqhina ulonwabo", lo ngumfuziselo wesizwe sakwaYuda isebuYudeni, kuqhina nemidzaluka iinwele kunye itayi kuqhina neendevu Arabhu kunye nabanye.

imbali icala

Kwimeko push Big of ukunitha uzinikele kuphuhliso losuka navigation - imfuneko yokuba "isixhobo" ethembekileyo kwaye umsebenzisi-lula wadala yonke ingqokelela ezalathelwe ezintsha. Enye shift ezinkulu kwiinkulungwane XIX-XX kunye nophuhliso lokhenketho.

Ngexesha ngomkhombe ngomkhombe wemka waya ikuba, kunye amaqhina nje ngaphandle yosetyenziso - ngoku kuphononongo Nautical School malunga 38 kuphela amaqhina. Ngelo xesha, "Book of Ashleya nodes", epapashwe ngowe-1944, uchaze 700 iinketho neentsontelo kuqhina kunye ubuninzi eyaziwa inani efikelela 4000. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwafika abakhenkethi, yonke into yatshintsha.

Ukuphuhliswa ezithile iindidi zolonwabo (ukunyuka intaba, uthambisa, ukuloba ezemidlalo) wabukhanyisa ubomi iintlobo ezintsha kulityalwa "ukudala" konxulumano.

Knotability waba uhlobo lwezemidlalo - enye iirekhodi iye ibhalisiwe kwi "Book of Records" Guinness ngo-1977, ukuze uqinisekise ukuba American Clinton R. Bailey uSister wabopha amaqhina ezintandathu kwimizuzwana 6.1.

Baphi iindawo

Umda iquka zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu. Nodes ngokoqobo ukuhamba nathi yonke - ngoncedo lwabo ibotshelelwe iintolo iimbadada, iminqwazi, amaqhina, zokubopha ezenziwe, ngoncedo lwabo ukugcina izilwanyana kwi ngomnxeba kunye unwele esibethweni iinwele. iiyunithi Marine kusekho apha ekuhambeni losuka.

Xa kwemigodi, ezemidlalo yamanzi, uthambisa kunye amaqhina iintaba zonke inyathelo. Bona - yinxalenye ukuloba, ukuzingela, ukudala imihombiso kunye nempahla. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi ngamnye kufuna uhlobo yalo ezalathelwe uphuhliso.

Iintlobo kweziporo zikaloliwe kunye nonxibelelwano

Knotability ulalela nokubafungisa imithetho yethopholoji efanayo - isiseko salo naliphina ibandla olunzima kakhulu na iqhina elula. Ukusuka oku kuza up kudidi lokuqala - nemisipha ilula (esisiseko) kunye ezintsonkothileyo.

Nawuphi node nabanako ukwahlulelana idibanise izinto ezimbini - ekudaleni egosogoso iimilo intambo (ulwakhiwo), kunye nokusekwa olongezelelweyo ngexesha ucutheko kujikwa (bokwakha).

Abenze kukhokelela ucinezelo, deformation nentambo kwisiza adhesion. Ngenxa yoko - ngentambo itayi amandla asezantsi kwi lekhefu kunokuba ngaphandle kwayo. Oku kukhokelela enye indlela yokuhlelwa - kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kukuthembeka.

"Practical" bokuhombisa

Ngaba angahlangani enye Ukuhlelwa jikelele - ukwahlulwa iintlobo leeyunithi ezisebenzayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kwiindawo bohlulwa babe zisetyenziselwa nawuphi na umsebenzi kunye pops up.

egqibeleleyo lwakutsha izipho uhombiso, iintyatyambo, impahla umhombiso ezintle, indalo izacholo. Phakathi kwazo indawo mizuhiki ekhethekileyo: ukuba zingasetyenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi yobugcisa zonke iimilo kunye neenjongo - ukusuka izivatho ngokohlobo amabhabhathane kunye milenge, ukuya ephambuka izityebi zokuhomba impahla.

Kukho okunye ukuhlelwa - ngokutsho nento yokuba into ubophelela khona, njalo njalo ..

Ukuhlelwa units, iintlobo

Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo kwiindawo ezikude:

• ngokuba ziyabophelela iintambo kunye;
• ukuba liyenze intambo inkxaso;
• loop;
• nezincedisi (kuba inkxaso, weighting, ukugcinwa intambo loop jiko, etc ...);
• Necktie;
• zokuhombisa.

Yangaphambili, nazo, lungohlulwa lube: iindawo ngokuba iintsontelo ubukhulu enye, enobubanzi ezahlukeneyo, isebenza siyabophelela (kuba nisondelelane Mhise kunye kwezahlulo intambo efanayo), umqhubi kunye ezizodwa.

Oku, nangona kunjalo, impendulo yalo mbuzo, yintoni na amacandelo ayikho kangako. kwiiyunithi zayo ezikhethekileyo apho iintaba nokuloba, kubandakanywa zokuhombisa kwaye kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto iikhompawundi.

site marine ezintathu ezinkulu

Enyanisweni, kukho ezininzi iziza "nonxweme", iintlobo kuzo kuyimfuneko kwaye ethandwa nangemihla iinqanawa, kodwa baye balahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwazo kweli xesha lethu. A isixa esibonakalayo nemisipha zisetyenziswa ayisendim, kodwa kukho ezintathu ezisisiseko, ezisetyenziswa phantse naphi na, nanini na. Le i "bowline", "clove" yaye "ezisibhozo".

"Bowline" umkhosi, ngubani na naye bowline, eyaziwa ngokuba "ngukumkani amaqhina" - akukho kulibala nokuba phantsi ukuzolula ngamandla, kulula ukuba ilingane, compact, non-isiliphu, ngaba umonakalo intambo ngokwayo alulibaziseki kwaye ngokulula likhululwe. Oku - ngukumkani yokwenene, inawo onke iimpawu eziyimfuneko HIV kwaye hayi kuba phantse akukho ziphene. Lendawo lisetyenziswa inshorensi xa lisanyuka ummango okanye longele phezu ecaleni, kwaye nokufuya yokudibanisa ntsontelo ezimbini ngobubanzi alinganayo okanye ezahlukeneyo izinto.

"Clove" ibandla Kulula kakhulu ukuba zizincamathisele intambo ngokulalisa imiphezulu, ezifana imasti okanye pgg. Edibana ngayo ngumfuziselo iindawo, iintlobo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle koloyiko zengxaki etshebelezayo okanye samorazvyazyvaniem. Igama kuvela kwinyaniso yokuba kudala nto zibambene nayo guys ratlin (amacandelo intambo ezinetha ezisetyenziswayo ukuba sizi- imasti). Kule ndawo kukho ethile - zifanelekile kuphela phantsi kwesimo rhoqo. Ishishini emanzini lisetyenziswa ngesini, kuqhina izikhephe ukuya imfumba.

"Abasibhozo" - kumise ibandla bha elinesihlanu ngaphezulu embodiments ezintsonkothileyo. Kucingwa Classic, yaye inzuzo yalo inkulu kukuba nkqu ahlabe esomeleleyo yena ezonakalisa intambo kunye ngokulula likhululwe. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, yindlela elungileyo nokubopha intambo ukuya emele handle ukuya ebusika somntwana, imitya ukuya violin Colca, mandolins, iziginkci kunye like.

Ngaphezu koko, iintlobo amaqhina zingahlukaniswa abangabancedani intambo yokudibanisa omnye nomnye kunye nokukhusela intambo ngenkxaso.

ngeekhomponenti asisiseko kwi iintaba

Le midlalo ntaba asebenzise iintlobo efanayo matings. Nangona ezinye yabo ivela elwandle aziwayo kangangeminyaka emininzi, yaye babo "yakhe", ezenzelwe kwaye omashini abakhenkethi kunye midlalo. Le yanyukela bungabonakala 17 ukufuya ezinkulu:

• Line (ukudibanisa iintambo kunye izintya ubungakanani efanayo. Qiniseka ukusebenzisa iiyunithi yolawulo. Phantsi umthwalo, walibala kakhulu, "njengezinambuzane").
• Ngomdiliya (ukusuka iintlobo esiludumbo udidi okusetyenziselwa ziyabophelela iintsontelo efanayo kunye ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo).
• Bramshkotovy (isebenza sokuwubopha iintambo ubudeki ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze ekufuneka ukuluka kwindawo control).
• Explorer (application - nokubopha intambo kwinto lula yanamathela naliphi na icandelo intambo kwalibaziseka kakhulu phantsi komthwalo kunye "aqala" ..).
• -Umqhubi anesibhozo (hayi wokubopha kono "ezinambuzelayo" kungekhona kakhulu kwalibaziseka phantsi komthwalo. Isetyenziselwe apho imfuneko loop enokuthenjwa).
• "Ezindlebeni uMvundla" (scope -. Naphi na apho ufuna ndzhendzheleko elungileyo esiqinileyo akukho "ukukhasa", walibala kakhulu phantsi komthwalo).
• Bowline (isetyenziselwa kuqhotyoshelwe intambo amakhonkco ehlabathini inkxaso ukulungiswa. Le indibano elungileyo, ilula kwaye zithembekile, nto leyo ngokunamandla kwimali phantsi komthwalo, kodwa "aqala 'ukuba umthwalo iyaguquguquka).
• Loop Garda (isetyenziselwa inshorensi, bawurhuqa intambo wayaphula. Isebenza kakuhle intambo kwixesha lolayisho, elungele ukusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko yayo).
• Prusik esiphezulu (asetyenziselwa yenkomo Asibhekiswa waqhubeka ngeentsontelo ezinomkhence nokubi - .. A nzima Le ibandla ihambisa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye kwimali kunye zibotshiwe, ukususwa kwaso emva ngocwangcisa ngaphandle kobunzima).
• Clove ( "lwela." Ezilungileyo nokubopha intambo naliphi na inani isekela, ezifana imithi. Phantsi umthwalo alulibaziseki kwaye rhoqo kakhulu uthembeke).
• Austria unit ebambe (ngokuba tensioning intambo xa bewela umbutho. Oshukunyiswa ekhoyo kwimali phantsi komthwalo kunye ubuyele endaweni yaso yesiqhelo emva ukususwa. Omnye kwiindawo inokuthenjwa. Iintlobo okunjalo ongulo iklatshi kunye nemisipha athandwa kakhulu phakathi oomatiloshe, phakathi speleologists).
• Samorazvyazyvayuschiysya (indibano nto ezinithiweyo ukusuka engundoqo intambo ubude kwaye kusetyenziswa ukuphepha ngabom ukunqumla ukukhulula emoyeni. Oku decoupled kakuhle nokuba phantsi komthwalo ophezulu kwaye zithembekile ngokwaneleyo. Ukusebenzisa iqhina ulwalwa okanye mbutho).
• ngentambo zokumakisha (ngendlela elula kakhulu kwaye lula ukugcina intambo ukuze. iingubo kuyo nayiphi na intambo skein, iribhoni, umtya wokuloba, njalo njalo. d.).
• Vala ISS (indlela neenkqubo wayibopha inshorensi. Kukho iinketho ezininzi).
• Control - sliding, abangevayo, Carbines (iiyunithi ezisisiseko kuyo nayiphi inkalo enxulumene nokusetyenziswa ngeentsontelo ngaphandle neendleko zolawulo kuphela na bebandakanyiwe eswele kwiindawo umsebenzi wabo - .. Ikhusela ukukhulula yezizwe indibano engundoqo ukusebenzisa ulawulo kuyimfuneko ezithile ziindawo ekudityanwa kuzo .. jikelele, ukuba asetyenziswa xa kukho amathandabuzo ukuthembeka undoqo, ingakumbi ukuba ebotshelelwe limanzi, ibe buthelezi, aqumbe, ezinodaka kunye m. p. intambo).

amacandelo Key ku uvumele

Iintlobo amaqhina intambo kusetyenziswa speleotourists, efana kakhulu "iintaba", nangona ngokuxhomekeka ikomiti kunye nenqununu yesikolo iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukusukelwa ingase ibhaliswe. Noko ke, kuya kuba yimpazamo ukubiza phakathi basic, kunyanzelekile ukuba isifundo bonke abo bafuna ukuba ukuzibandakanya uthambisa, ezi zilandelayo: ngqo, bowline, "ezisibhozo" (a yokutshixa, a kabini kunye counter), ezisithoba umqhubi Austria.

Bonke bephela kabini "ezisibhozo" - phantse kakhulu walisebenzisa uvumele ebomini. Xa kahle, oko likhululwe kakuhle emva umthambo. Isetyenziswa phezu zokulawula iiseyile, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi.

ngqo

node ngqo, okwabizwa ngokuba uMofokeng, iqulathe semi-attachments ezimbini, lenzeka ngokulandelelana enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla kumacala ahlukeneyo. Le ndlela uqhagamshelo into efanelekileyo kuphela enye iintambo ubukhulu - iinyembezi ngenye ibhityile zamafu phantsi komthwalo. Xa intambo okanye ngentambo kwixesha lolayisho, oku loop othambekele samorazvyazyvaniyu.

Kunjalo ukuba intambo liba manzi - node kungaba ukukhasa. Sebenzisa kuyimfuneko, kunye nolawulo. iintambo Synthetic zisebenze, kodwa xa isetyenziswa kakuhle, ubhetyebhetye kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuba lo wezihlangu zakhe.

Afana kodwa ayithembekanga iinketho: Teschin kunye nomakhulu kwiqhina. Kwakhona ingqalelo ezinxulumene Admiralty ngqo kunye neeyunithi yotyando.

"Eight"

Enye amabandla elula yokuvala, zinezibonelelo ezininzi zingenakuphikwa: kulula ukunitha, kubonakala intle, ngokuzimeleyo ilibele, hayi kakhulu usona intambo. Ukusebenzisa umthwalo ingena kakubi, njengokuba kulo mzekelo, walibala kakhulu yaye ngenxa yoko kunzima lo wezihlangu zakhe.

"Ezisibhozo", njengoko kono kuqaqa, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kukho ndzhendzheleko efanayo kulo enegama elifanayo, nto leyo esetyenziswa iintaba ikakhulu ukuzuza carabiner phezu kwentambo main.

Zintoni zisekelwe units "ezisibhozo"? Ngokubanzi, ukuba ukhonza elementi lwezibophelelo ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo, umzekelo, ikhawuntala kunye kabini "ezisibhozo".