Kwimpucuko - it ... kwimpucuko zobuciko. abameli kwimpucuko

Kwimpucuko - intshukumo kwimizobo iphawulwa Utyeshelo lomqathango kumava zembali zobugcisa ukuya lwangaphambili kukukhanyela yayo epheleleyo. Kwimpucuko kwavela kwenkulungwane ye-19, kodwa ngexesha layo beza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ukuphuhliswa kwimpucuko sakhatshwa ebalulekileyo notshintsho kuncwadi, i-Visual Arts and bokwakha. NeNkcubeko kunye nobugcisa akusoloko ezizenzekelayo utshintsho, kodwa imfuneko kwimpucuko njengendlela zotshintsho ekuqaleni yama-20 ekhulwini sele kwakungcono. Ngokusisiseko, inkqubo olungisayo sizinzile, kodwa maxa wambi wathabatha iintlobo silwe kwimpucuko, njengoko kwakunjalo wegcisa oselula Salvador Dali, wayezama ukwakha kwemiYalezo ubugcisa ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Noko ke, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa bayakwazi ngexesha elililo, ukuze kungabikho namnye ningakhawulezisa icothe phantsi kwinkqubo.

Evolution of the kwimpucuko

Le wenguqulo ye kwimpucuko iye ebhudla kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, kodwa ke umnqweno ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kwimizobo aqalisa ukwehla, kwaye "nouveau ubugcisa" French, isiJamani "Art Nouveau" yaye "Russian mihla" kwimpucuko eyandulela njengoko kwizimanga wokuvukela, wathabatha uhlobo ekhululekile .

Kwimpucuko kubugcisa okanye ubuchule kwimpucuko?

Qonda phambili ezi nemixube yaba ababhali, amagcisa nabayili yehlabathi lonke ephucukile. Ezinye abameli wezikhanyiso okhokelayo kwicandelo lobugcisa wayekholelwa ukuba kwimpucuko - utshintsho elide ilindelwe, kwaye kufuneka ibe phambili uphuhliso ngakumbi impucuko, kweliya isebe of ukulungiswa indima kwimpucuko kweendawo ngamnye kwinkalo zobugcisa kunye nto ngakumbi. Impikiswano waqhubeka ukuza nobungqina obuvakalayo kwityala wabo akukho muntu. Noko ke, kwimpucuko kwimizobo weza, yaye oku yaba negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kuwo onke amacala. Utshintsho abazange oqaphelekayo nangoko luchaphazela inertia yoluntu, njengoko njengesiqhelo, ndaqalisa ukufunda iindlela ezintsha, umntu utshintsho, umntu ababamkeli. Emva koko ziza wenza abalawuli zobugcisa kwimpucuko, ababhali edumileyo, iimvumi, nabo bonke owacinga inkqubela, waqala ukukhuthaza izinto ezintsha, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kwimpucuko awubona.

Kwimpucuko kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo

Eyona ndlela ephambili kwimpucuko ngokupheleleyo-isikali umzobo, ifoto umzobo, ukukrola kunye nezinye iintlobo zobugcisa olubonakalayo zavela kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Isiseko esisekwe-1863, xa eParis enikezela ebizwa ngokuba 'Salon des benqaba ", imbutho-avngardisty amagcisa ntetho ngomsebenzi wabo. salon igama uthetha ukuba ngokwayo, uluntu akazange ukwamkela i umzobo nje, yena bawucekisile. Noko ke, ukubonakala nje "Salon des benqaba" wathi art modernist ulindele ingqalelo.

ndlela kwimpucuko

Kungekudala iintsingiselo modernist wathabatha ubume eziphathekayo, iintsingiselo zilandelayo kwi art:

• expressionism Abstract - indlela ekhethekileyo yokudweba apho igcisa uchitha bokuyila imali yakhe ubuncinane kwexesha, kuphosa ipeyinti kwi ngelaphu, bemchukumisa ingalawuleki ukuya iibhrashi ukupeyinta, ngokungakhethiyo ebangela kwamalungu omzimba.
• Dada - imisebenzi yobugcisa ikholaji-isimbo enkulu yemizobo embalwa ngamaqhekeza zendaba. Images zidla benamandla ingcamango kuphika, indlela wokugxeka nesihloko. Wavuka kwangoko Style emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi waza waba umboniso nokuphelelwa ithemba, okukhoyo kuluntu.
• Cubism - ngokwazo amalungiselelo nani yemigca. Indlela ngokwayo kukuthi kakhulu obugcisa, yoqobo yobuciko isimbo cubism wadala Pablo Pikasso. Indlela ngandlel ezahlukileyo kumsebenzi wegcisa Pol Sezann - imizobo yakhe kwakhona zibandakanyiwe ebuncwaneni yobugcisa yehlabathi.
• Post-Impressionism - ukwaliwa elibonakalayo ubunyani nokutshintshwa real imifanekiso zokuhombisa stylization. Style enamandla kakhulu, kodwa kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela Vincent van Gogh kunye Pol Gogen.

KwemiYalezo, omnye iinqaba eziphambili kwimpucuko

KwemiYalezo - iphupha leyinene, ubuchule oyinyaniso, sibonakalisa umqondo obiza wegcisa. Zabazobi ezigqamileyo surrealist baba Salvador Dali, Ernst Fuchs kunye Arno Breker, leyo kunye kubumba "Golden Triangle of kwemiYalezo".

Painting style ngokundibamba kakhulu

Fauvism - indlela ethile, ebangela nemvo uthando namandla, luphawulwa ukuphakanyiswa imibala kunye nemibala novakalelo "zasendle". Ngesakhiwo kukuthi kwakhona emininzi iimeko ukuya kwindawo eyingozi. Iinkokeli oku baba Henri Matisse kunye André Derain.

Imveliso zomgquba, kwimizobo

Futurism - Ukuhlangana kweziphilayo ngobungcibi imigaqo Cubism fomizma, isaqunge imibala, ugalelwe ioli unxulumano imigca ethe ngqo, oonxantathu engile. Image Dynamics iyi sonke-ukutya komlinganiswa mfanekiso yonke into esiyibonayo, namandla bunokubonwa zonke iinkcukacha.

Isimbo artist Georgian Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism - umfanekiso ubugcisa kwi indlela a lula abazi yaye ngabom, nto leyo ngokomfuziselo efana ubuchule abangekaphuhli womntwana okanye imizobo udonga emiqolombeni zezizwe kwakudala. Primitive style painting akuthethi ukunciphisa izinga layo obugcisa, ukuba ukutsalwa igcisa lokwenyaniso. A ummeli ebalulekileyo primitivism yaba Niko Pirosmani.

kwimpucuko zoncwadi

kwimpucuko zoncwadi ithatha indawo emisiwe izimiso classical yokubalisa. Abunjwe kwinkulungwane yama-20, indlela kweenoveli ukubhala amabali ngcembe waqalisa ukubonisa iimpawu zazimi ngxi ndaweninye, kwakukho usenza intw elithile iintlobo ntetho. Emva koko abalobi waqala ukuba bajike baye thixweni, ebikade isetyenziswa ngaphambili utoliko wobuciko isisu. Kubafundi ziye zalungiselelwa iingqiqo ngokwasengqondweni nentanda-bulumko. Ngoko kwakukho isimbo ukuba ufumana inkcazelo "umsinga osezingqondweni" isekelwe ingqiqo enzulu kwi kwingcingane yabalinganiswa. Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo kwimpucuko kwiincwadi kuyinto inoveli umbhali American William Faulkner ebizwa ngokuba "Sound kunye Fury."

Nganye abalinganiswa yenoveli kuhlalutywa ngemigaqo ebalulekileyo, iimpawu zayo yokuziphatha kunye neminqweno. ndlela Faulkner kaThixo uyagwetyelwa, ekubeni kungenxa uhlalutyo okhutheleyo yaye zinzulu yohlobo umlinganiswa abe ibali umdla. Ngophando Uilyam Folkner ukubhala style wayo yinxalenye "egolide amahlanu" US ababhali, kwakunye nabanye ababhali ezimbini - Dzhon Steynbek kunye Skott Fittsdzherald, ngubani na umsebenzi wakhe bezama ukulandela ulawulo olunzulu zohlalutyo.

abameli kwimpucuko kwiincwadi:

• Uolt Uitmen, owaziwa kakhulu yokuqokelela yakhe yemibongo "Amagqabi of Grass."
• Sharl Bodler - ingqokelela yemibongo, "Iintyatyambo Embi".
• Arthur Rambo - isihobe "Illuminations", "Enye ehlotyeni esihogweni."
• Fyodor Dostoevsky kunye imisebenzi "Abazalwana Karamazov" kunye "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" i kwimpucuko Russian zoncwadi.

Indima imikhosi esiyua sikhokelo oluchaphazela ababhali - abaseki kwimpucuko, wathwala zobulumko Henri Bergson, Uilyam Dzheyms, Fridrih Nitsshe, kunye nabanye. Andifuni ukuhlala bucala kunye uSigmund Freud.

Ngenxa kwimpucuko kule minyaka yokuqala amathathu iintlobo zoncwadi kwinkulungwane yama-20 zaye ngokupheleleyo zatshintsha.

Ixesha of kwimpucuko, ababhali kunye iimbongi?

Phakathi xesha ngongcono owaziwayo ababhali kwimpucuko ezi ababhali zilandelayo kunye iimbongi

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - Imbongi Russian kunye ukufa kabuhlungu, waphulukana nentsapho yakhe iminyaka repressions Stalin kaThixo. Yombhali kweziliqela ingqokelela yemibongo, ngokunjalo kwakunye-eyaziwayo umbongo "Requiem".
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) - ngumbhali impikiswano kakhulu Austria ogama babegqalwa ngqiqweni imisebenzi. Ngexesha ubomi umbhali kweenoveli bakhe abazange ashicilelwe. Emva kokufa Kafka yonke imisebenzi yakhe ziye zapapashwa, nangona yena wala ngamandla kule nasebudeni ubomi conjured belifa bakhe aqhumisele iinoveli nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe. Qhuba kutshabalalisa umbhali-ngqangi ayaba nako, bakubon 'ukuba bayahamba izandla zize zizibuyisele umbhali, namnye abayithandayo lakhe ukuba.
• UWilliam Faulkner (1898-1962) - Nobel Prize for Leencwadi ngowe-1949, owaba waduma ngokuba udale kwisiphaluka elibuntsomi kwi ezidume American, ekuthiwa Yoknapatawpha, peopled kunye nabalinganiswa waza waqalisa ukuba bachaze ubomi babo. imisebenzi Faulkner kaThixo indalo kakhulu entsonkothileyo lwezakhiwo, kodwa ukuba umfundi uyasilela ukuqonda intambo yengxelo, ngoko uyisuse ukusuka inoveli, ibali okanye ibali umbhali odumileyo American akusekho kunokwenzeka.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) - ibingomnye wabalandeli abaninzi abathembekileyo kwimpucuko kwiincwadi. Iinoveli amabali bagwayimbile ngayo amandla abo. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, umbhali bawacaphukisayo abasemagunyeni US, yayindikhathaza urhano etyeni, iindlela ezazisetyenziswa yi CIA ukuzisa Hemingway ecaleni lakhe, baba ezitenxileyo. Kuyo yonke iphela a luvo ucazululo umbhali ezexeshana ukufakwa sabagula ngengqondo esibhedlele. Umbhali unalo uthando omnye kuphela ebomini bakhe - umpu wakhe wokuzingela. NgoJulayi 2, 1961 Hemingway wazibulala sokudubula yedwa umpu kulo.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - German umbhali, umbhali, omnye ababhali kwezopolitiko kakhulu yaseJamani. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe igcwele kwiipolitiki, kodwa ke ixabiso layo obugcisa, bangaphulukani kulo. Mann mntu wasemzini ukuba ubuchule kunye ubuhule, umzekelo oku - ". Ukholo kaFeliks Krull" kwinoveli Ophambili yi imisebenzi umlinganiswa ka Oscar Wilde, UDorian Grey. Iimpawu ze kwimpucuko ngemisebenzi uThomas Mann ezicacileyo.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Umbhali French, umbhali we imisebenzi volume-esixhenxe "Ukufuna Lost Ixesha", egqalwa enye iisampulu ezininzi kakhulu zeencwadi kwenkulungwane yama-20. Proust ngumlandeli azinikele of kwimpucuko njengoko ndlela nathembisayo zophuhliso zoncwadi.
• Virdzhiniya Vulf (1882-1942) - Umbhali IsiNgesi, uthathwa tekaka kakhulu ezizizo of "umsinga lokuqonda". Kwimpucuko waba ngumbhali intsingiselo yobomi bakhe, ukongeza kwiinoveli emininzi Virginia Woolf kwi asethi ezincwadini eziliqela emisebenzini yabo.

Kwimpucuko yoncwadi iye yaba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo umsebenzi ababhali kunye iimbongi ngokwemiqathango ukuphuculwa kunye nophuhliso.

izakhiwo lwangoku

Ibinzana elithi "kwimpucuko bokwakha" libhekisela elithi "izakhiwo mihla" kuba ukhuphela uqhagamshelwano enengqondo. Kodwa ke ingqikelelo kwimpucuko ayikho asisoloko sithetha "mihla" kukuthi ofanelekayo elithi "namhlanje." Art Nouveau and kwimpucuko - amagama ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Ulwakhiwo Modernist kuthetha ekuqaleni oovulindlela creative izakhiwo mihla kunye nokusebenza kwabo kangangexesha elithile, kunye bit-20 ze-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. izakhiwo Modern lalisele likho amanani zakutshanje. Uphawu iminyaka emashumi mahlanu kukho ixesha kwimpucuko bokwakha, ngoxa ukuvela iindlela ezintsha.

Imizila bokwakha lwangoku

izakhiwo Modern - ezi iindawo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo, ezifana nokwakhiwa yaseYurophu yomsebenzi 1920-30 okanye ukungaguquleki rationalism lwezakhiwo Russian le eko, xa izindlu kwakhiwa amawaka project enye. Oku isiJamani "Bauhaus", "Art Deco" eFransi, i-international isimbo, organic, brutalism zokwakha. Konke oku kungentla ke amasebe zomthi - bokwakha mihla.

Prestavitelyami kwimpucuko bokwakha zezi: Le Korbyuze, Oscar Niemeyer, uRichard Neutra, uWalter Gropius, Frenk Lloyd Rayt kunye nabanye.

Kwimpucuko lomculo

Kwimpucuko - indlela replacement kulo mgaqo, kodwa utshintsho umculo zixhomekeke ikakhulu phezu imiyalelo jikelele inkcubeko ngenkcazo ye eluntwini. iindlela Progressive yoluntu kwiindawo zenkcubeko ke ekugqibeleni sikhatshwe utshintshwano ehlabathini somculo. Modernity yenza zayo neemeko zomculo amaziko emfundo zafikelela kuluntu. Noko ke, inkcubeko kwimpucuko ayihambelani ukutshintsha iifom zomculo zakudala.