Kronotsky Lake - le lenani eKamchatka

Kronotsky Lake - ichibi elikhulu endalo ena Territory, endimangazayo unexplored kude kube sekupheleni. igama layo kuthetha ukusuka Itelmen njenge "zasezintabeni". Ingqalelo wenzululwazi, ezi iindawo ezintle kuye kwatsala kutshanje ngemilinganiselo zembali: ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela (1908) aba amaxwebhu yokuqala eziveliswa P. Yu Shmidtom.. Umkhankaso ehamba hambe echibini emacaleni empuma entla, enika inkcazo kulo mzimba emangalisayo amanzi kunye nokongeza kuyo sketch nezobhalo le ndawo. Zonke iingxelo ngaphambili kususela kuphela kwiziphumo ze data efunyenwe abemi zomthonyama kwezi ndawo - Itelmen, kuba bodwa edikeni kunye embi ibe esikhulu elikhusela nxamnye na bangenele. Kuphela ngo 1920 Isazinzulu R. Malles bakwazi ukuya kwezi ndawo, imaphu eneenkcukacha, ecombulula imfihlelo ngokuzalwa echibini.

iimpawu

Eli chibi km² 242, kwaye kwindawo eqokelela amanzi - malunga 2330 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Oku akumangalisi, kuba uwa imilambo emikhulu 10 .: North, Unana, Uzon, larch nabanye asebenze indlela yabo, asakhulayo ukusuka ichibi, umlambo Krodakyg (Kronotsky), enobundlobongela abangenazigqibo, nokoyisa imiqobo emininzi. Kwi zinga leze encomekayo wamanzi (12.4 mitran km) Ichibi yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu kweli mmandla. . Ubunzulu encomekayo Nangona umlinganiselo 58 m, iindawo ezininzi kakhulu ziphawulwe amanani elihloniphekileyo kakhulu - 136 m Ngokuba zonke iparameters ngentla Kronotsky chibi elinesithandathu kuluhlu lwe amachibi inkulu Russian yaye unzulu. Yongeza ukuba, kwaye ibekwe ubuhle eyodwa yalo ndawo idume twisiseka ena wayo.

Zokutya isiziba bemveli - ikhephu nemvula. Ichibi ngumkhenkce ngoDisemba avulwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi. iindawo cover Ice ifikelela imitha olulingana. Inqanaba lamanzi yahluka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye namandla awo of ukuya decimeters ezimbalwa. Inxalenye mpuma chibi ezihonjiswe ziziqithi ezili-11, ezinemithi phezu komhlaba amanzi neemitha 25-50, bonke kuthwala amagama zezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo kunye nabakhenkethi, abathatha inxaxheba ena hambo kwenkulungwane yama-20 ekuqaleni. Komarova, Conradi, Baer et al.

Kronotsky chibi zizakubalulwa ukumila kwayo ezibunxantathu, ngentlonelo kangaka ichibi yendalo. Ichaziwe nakummango kwesithintelo kumgongxo kakhulu kunye nothotho mlilo ebandakanya mlilo 16, 12 kuzo izinto.

Uphi Lake Kronotsky

Oku ngokungafaniyo nayiphi na enye ichibi chibi ibekwe kwi Akumangalisi ngokulinganayo ena entsonkothileyo yendalo - Kronotsky Nature Reserve, kwi iikhilomitha elinesibini ezintathu ukusuka odumileyo Geyser Valley.

Kwelinye icala lasempumalanga,-8 km ukusuka chibi ibekwe mlilo Kronotsky mlilo, ukuya ngasezantsi - 10 km - Krasheninnikov mlilo. Oku kugqiba umfanekiso kwentaba Schmidt nezingaqhelekanga, liphuma mpuma.

Kronotsky lake: Imvelaphi

Kuye kwasekwa echibini abamalunga namawaka-10. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Le ise lo mgodi lo mlilo, yaye ngenxa yoko kwakucingwa ngaphambili ukuba imvelaphi mlilo ngokwendalo. Enyanisweni, icikidwa landulelwe yiloo imbonakalo mlilo ichibi, ekuthiwa namhlanje amagama oosonzululwazi Kronotsky kunye Krasheninnikov. Baye yabangela zidlulela komlambo ukhuko yamandulo iidiphozithi mlilo ngokubanzi kunye namandla. Isiphumo sale ntlekele yaba ichibi entabeni kwintaba ephakame m 372 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle, ibekwe kwenye yeendawo ezininzi ezintle ehlabathini - emazantsi eli kronotsky mlilo.

iimpawu

Eli chibi nomdla nje imvelaphi kodwa ukudaleka isakhiwo eyahlukileyo yendalo ngaphakathi kwimida yayo.

Yayikukuphuphuma yamanzi phesheya koMlambo, isiteshi kwi efikelela kuyo phezu km 12 enemisinga phantse yayigcwele abanamandla, anike amathuba ukuya nesalmon kweli chibi. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa bodwa ixesha elide kwichibi baseka uhlobo ekhethekileyo sockeye salmon (Kokanee) kunye neentlobo ezininzi loach amaqela ngokwasendalweni apha. Loo indlela ukusekwa kweentlobo - into zokufunda ngenxa ichthyologists. Noko ke, umthombo lomlambo nyaka ngamnye ukuze ujungujungu liphuma ngemali encinane komlambo watyhutyha Dolly Varden, wafumanana iimeko ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo, indlela coho salmon.

Biota

Malunga Kronotsky chibi kuzichaza bonke. kuhlala amakoloni ingabangaba wePasifiki. Banikwa umgama eyaneleyo ukusuka elunxwemeni (30-45 km), ezi zokuhlala - a amila. Kuthiwa ebizwa emdaka ungaqubhi siqithi ukutya amaqanda ama.

Kronotsky chibi, ukuba iziko amaqela yendalo, engqongwe ngokwemvelo emangalisayo ezintle. Kukho iisampulu relict kunye neentlobo ezixabisekileyo kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhula kuphela apha ena larch waza wafumana Ayan nespruce.

Le larch isiqina - iindlwane zeentaka enqabileyo (nenkqo, Steller kaThixo eagle ulwandle), kunye iintaba elijikelezileyo ekhaya ukuze njengeyona ookhetshe, amanqe iinkozi.

Kodwa uphawu kule ndawo enhle are weentaka. Ehlotyeni asingabo phantse ezibonakalayo, njengoko elisengqayini ichibi embalwa efanelekileyo yokwakha iindawo. Ngu ekuqaleni kobusika uqala uza onomtsalane ezi ntaka kaHomer.

Oku, Kronotskoye ichibi twi - indawo omlingo kwi ena Peninsula.