Kolka glacier, Karmadon gorge, Republic of North Ossetia. Inkcazelo glacier. Ufelwe ngo 2002

uhlobo Beautiful, neentaba, nekarbhunkolo umlambo, umoya ococekileyo kunye nabantu abanobubele - konke oku North neAsia. Amawaka abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi beze kwezi ndawo bancome uhlobo emangalisayo. Xa enye yeendawo ubangel baba Karmadon Gorge (Republic of North Ossetia). Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba Genaldon. Isihloko yesibini, njengokubizwe emva kokuba umlambo Genaldon, ophuma apha. Yonke into yatshintsha emva sentlekele yoyikekayo ukuba kwenzeka ngo-2002.

udonga

Karmadon Gorge, iifoto apho iminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo wabonakala phezu kumaqweqwe izihloko ezininzi zehlabathi, abaninzi waziwa emva ekuhleni kwayo glacier. Yinxenye ye Greater neAsia. It has yamibini imikrozo namawa brown. Ngaphambili, phakathi kwabo nathi nemiqolomba yantle, bezisesigangeni eGibheyon iziza nkampu, abantu ekhululekile. Ngoku kukho omnyama, ezifana yokulahla sam, ubunzima nomsi-. Kwathi phantsi glacier, ngesiquphe kungcwatywa umntu ikhulu elinamanci mathathu amane.

Ubuhle ezimangalisayo komwonyo ngosuku olunye ngoSeptemba 2002 yatshatyalaliswa intlekele yendalo.

Kolka glacier

Cirque - intlambo glacier, nto leyo ibekwe efikelela kuyo umlambo Genaldon (Pool Terek River). Nguye yinxalenye eCaucasus inkqubo entabeni kwicala langasentla Kazbek-Dzhimarayskogo uluhlu kuthiwa Colca.

Glacier Imilinganiselo mahle emikhulu: ubude - 8.4 km, ummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 7.2. imvelaphi yayo, ethatha a phezulu entabeni (ubude 4780 m), lo glacier kubekwe ezinobude kweemitha 1980. Ukuphakama komda ikhephu (umgca firn) - 3000 mitha.

Kolka glacier bobabo uhlobo ekuthiwa njalo-eliguquguqukayo. Bona ebalasele amaxesha athile esebenzayo maxa wambi engalindelekanga zikwamzimba phambili. ukuqhela ice enjalo (Sergi) zaziye siyabutyaka nokuphuma nobutyobo ice Ukwakheka. Sergi badla ngokuba neziphumo ezibi.

Glacier phambi kokuba ntlekele

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba glacier Kolka phambili izihlandlo ezithathu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini - ngo-1902, 1969 no-2002. Nangona glaciologists, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iinguqu ezahlukeneyo kunye womkhenkce kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Umzekelo, isitshixo i "Classic" okanye "slow" Serge Kolka, ke yabhiyozelwa 1834. Kodwa ke akazange inkathazo enkulu.

Xa Ngenkulungwane XX, ukukhuthazwa glacier kakhulu buhlungu sabhalwa ngoJulayi 1902. Ngeli wehla, kwabulawa abantu mathathu anesithandathu, ngaphezu kokuba intloko amawaka weenkomo. Waza ke wangcwatywa phantsi kwe ice Karmadon okwetyeli edumileyo, yatshabalalisa izakhiwo ezininzi.

inkqubela etshabalalisayo wayehamba mudflow ice-rock. Ngesantya esiphezulu kwaba phezu Genaldon Valley, ngeekhilomitha elithoba. Loo nyaka kwenziwa malunga neemitha asixhenxe anesihlanu million cubic ngumkhenkce kunye rock ezinokuthi kuthelekiswa amagaqa zinamacala angamakhulu amane anantlanu eemitha. Ebekwe kwi ice zanyibilika iminyaka elishumi elinesibini, yaye ngowe-1914 entilini ngezantsi glacier Tyga ndalahla kuye. Ukuthelekisa indlela ziziphatha Kolka glacier ngo-1902, xa izinga ice-yenkitha yokumpompoza kobutyobo wafikelela 150 km / h, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba inkqubela ngo-1902 sifana kakhulu sisihelegu 2002.

Ngowe-1969, i-glacier Kolka aziphathe esithintelweyo kakhulu ngakumbi - inkqubela sele enziwe mpuluswa kwaye zange kube nemiphumela enkulu. movement Ice waqala ngoSeptemba 28, 1969, yaye emva kweveki lo glacier Kolka baboyisa zonke ezilishumi ezilikhulu ubude ukufikelela ekupheleni Maili ulwimi glacier. Ngoko ke, isantya yayo engumndilili-10 m / ngeyure. Ke zithe - ukuya ku-1 m / h, no-10 Januwari (1970) glacier wayeka. Ukutyhubela lonke ixesha le glacier iye yabangela iikhilomitha ezine. Yena ziwile entilini ukuya kwiimitha asixhenxe anamanci asibhozo.

Ngowe-1970, glaciologists baye baqinisekiswa ukuba ukunyibilika le glacier ihamba sisondela kuya kuthatha iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha.

Akukho kuluthethelele inkathazo

Bendawo ebesoloko ingqalelo glacier Kolka kuyingozi kakhulu. Le mass omkhulu ice eyayijinga ngaphezu gorge, ukubethelela abantu ukumoyika ezayo intlekele, kodwa glaciologists (iingcali, ebukele zomkhenkce) zazikhona pretty nethemba. Ukongeza, abantu bendawo Upper Karmadon imbali yazo elide ukuba ukukhumbula ezinye iimpawu ixhala ngakwicala ummelwane lakhe elinamandla. Akukho nto kwakufanekisela intlekele ezayo.

Intlekele Karmadon kwaba isimanga ngokupheleleyo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba - kuba Sergei Bodrov iqela balapho, iinkonzo zohlangulo. Abantu cwaka inxaxheba kwimicimbi ngemihla, kwaye qela akugqiba badubula S. Bodrov. Ngokwesicwangciso kufaneleke ukuba iqale kusasa, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo wafuduselwa emva kwemini. Around 19,00, njengoko ezintabeni ekuqaleni kakhulu ebumnyameni, abantu baqala ukubuthana. Ngelo xesha, efikelela kuyo komwonyo baqalisa ukutshintsha, okukhokelela iziganeko ukuba akakho umntu abe ephupha kwi zajika.

Ufelwe ngo 2002

Abantu basoloko bezilibala ngaphambili. Last nokwehla ezinkulu Kolka glacier kwenzeka iminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo. Ngokwendalo, okuzibonela ezo ziganeko ayisekho, kwaye Republic of North Ossetia ligcinwa kwinkumbulo ingapasiswa kuphela ukusuka wazala unyana amabali abantu abadala. Noko ke, ngo-1902 kwakukho nkcazelo ambalwa iziphumo zonyaka sentlekele. Benza oosonzululwazi Russian abaye batyelela Karmadon ntili nje emva kokuwa glacier.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngendlela eyoyikekayo ntlekele baqala ukuncipha engawajonganga, naphezu amabhodlo iilali glacier abantu baqalisa ukwakha ezintsha.

Ngamaxesha amabini (Septemba 20) ebhedini le glacier iphumile Genaldon e Karmadon gorge. ubude balo iikhilomitha ezintlanu, ubukhulu - ukususela kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuya kwi-100 kunye ububanzi neemitha ezingaphezulu kwama-200. Umlinganiselo womkhenkce mass - million 21 cubic metres.

Ngexesha ukuhanjiswa ezakhiwa sel kweekhilomitha elinanye elide, ngeli ububanzi baso abangama-50 leemitha, nezinyuko - weemitha ezili-10, umthamo - million elinambini cubic metres. Uye zigqityiwe aye neekhilomitha ezilishumi emazantsi kwidolophana Giselle.

Imiphumo yentlekele

Ukuhlanganiswa Kolka glacier watshabalalisa kwilali Upper Karmadon kunye bonke ngelo xesha komwonyo. Yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zokuhlala isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu kwisibhedlele "Karmadon" zokuzonwabisa ngalisayo Ministry of Justice and University Ossetian, neekhilomitha ngaphezu kwesinye kunye nesiqingatha imigca amandla, amaqula kunye ukufakwa kwamanzi sisityalo unyango amdaka.

Elalini Karmadon phantsi umkhenkce izindlu ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Ukuhlanganiswa Kolka glacier ukumqumbisa umkhukula yomeleleyo emlanjeni Gizeldon.

wancipha yabantu

Isiphumo esibi kunazo ngumkhenkce uthi shwaka ukufa. Le gorge unalo iqela S. Bodrov, batole ezi iindawo ezintle ifilimu "The Messenger" ngexesha le ntlekele. Kwamasebe Commission wagqiba ukuba emva imbutho nako ukuphila apha nabani na. Kunjalo, kuba ixesha elide bendisekeleze ithemba lokuba umntu unako asindiswe. izihlobo ekhathazeka yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo umsebenzi nokuhlangula, nangona iingcali babeqinisekile ukuba nokuhlangula sele ezithile.

imisebenzi yohlangulo

nyaka ubumde kwaye ibuhlungu enesiqingatha baba umsebenzi yokukhangela nokuhlangula kweli gorge. Okubuhlungu kukuba, imizamo yokuphepha, izazinzulu, amavolontiya ziwe phantsi. Phantsi ubunzima lomkhenkce kufunyenwe izidumbu elinesixhenxe kuphela. Phantsi ubunzima imitha-ikhulu ngumkhenkce ayikwazanga ukufumana na efile, Uyaphila kangako. Unyaka kunye abahlanguli yobungcali kunye nabancedisi zabo ivolontiya nezihlobo amaxhoba waphila. Kubo, ithemba lokugqibela waqhubeka saa ice itonela apho, ngokutsho kwezinye iinguqulelo, kusithela abantu.

itonela

Iingcali bathi ingcamango kwitonela kungekho elizayo, akukho namnye unako kusinda. Noko ke, akukho namnye unako ukuthi izalamane amaxhoba, awayemi ngelithi kwitonela ezisukwe amaqula. Phantsi umaleko enkulu ice nabancedi ixesha elide ukufumana owayesakuba etoneleni. Elinethoba kugrunjwa. Ikhulu umzamo yimpumelelo. Kwetonela, nokuba kukweliphi 69 phantsi iefa umngxuma leemitha. Njengoko kulindelekile, ingenamntu. Emva nezalamane zakhe ezininzi ukuba ngubani de kutshanje yakholwa imimangaliso, kodwa wavuma ukufa kwabantwana babo ababathandayo.

Ngexesha ukusebenza yokhangelo yafunyanwa izidumbu elinesixhenxe. One anamanci elinesixhenxe abantu wayengekho. Le kumisiwe ngoMeyi 7, 2004.

Izizathu glacier shwaka

Yintoni isizathu sokuba glacier shwaka ngo-2002? Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ntlekele. Kodwa abaphengululi abaninzi oyikholelwayo ukuba esona sizathu yaba ezikhutshwayo esisi ukusuka mlilo Kazbek (ukulala).

Oku kungqinwe ngo-2007 kwingqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe, eyayibanjelwe e North Ossetia. Yena komhlaba yaveza uphando lweminyaka emihlanu. ezibangela le ngozi ziye ogama Karmadon gorge.

Oosonzuluwazi baqaphela ukuba namhlanje yeyona inkulu ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo izinto ihamba intlekele glacier. Massa wehla ngumkhenkce, amatye, amanzi sele kudlule iikhilomitha elinesixhenxe phesheya kwentlambo, ebumba edamini elikhulu, ubude amakhulu eekhilomitha ezine.

Enye inguqulo ethandwayo, le ntlekele yemvelo ukuba zabangelwa landslides ezininzi ngamatye womkhenkce inxalenye elingasemva glacier.

gorge namhlanje

mfanekiso mbi Karmadon Gorge namhlanje: elide kunye azabi "isikhumba" imigudu abamnyama, wonqanyulwa, Njengesitshetshe sokuguya, lomlambo kunye neentaba zomhlaba.

Vladikavkaz kunye, Kakade ke, kwisayithi ye ntlekele, ezi ezikhumbuzo kunye namagama abo bonke abo bafayo baza yaduka ngaloo mini sibi ngoSeptemba 2002.

Ekupheleni Oktobha 2002, umnyango ukuya gorge Karmadon yasekwa kwinkumbulo onke amaxhoba esityeni lenkumbulo.

Emva konyaka (2003) sisikhumbuzo zokubhiyizela yavulwa. Yena a ngemfano yendoda umfana, engumkhenkce kwibloko lomkhenkce. Le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe ethafeni, kufuphi kwilali Giselle. Ithi apha kwafikelelwa glacier.

Ngo-2004, kuloo ndawo apho kukho inkampu searchers ntliziyo e Karmadon efakiweyo memory "mama", wadala kwi ngeminikelo yokuzithandela. Lo engama--ilitye ezintlanu, wazisa yi glacier, kwaye ekufutshane - ngemfano umfazi buhlungu, elindele ukuba unyana wakhe.

Izalamane abayazi indlela zinyibilike i Kolka glacier, kodwa belindele ukuba kwenzeke, yaye baya kuba nako ukufumana iintsalela ababathandayo. Ingxaki siyifumana yokuba nyaka ngamnye ukunyibilika ehla - olwandayo kuqweqwe udaka phezu komhlaba, nto leyo imenza kwinkqubo.

Kolka glacier ngaphambi nasemva nentlekele

Xa photos Karmadon gorge apho ubona kweli nqaku, kwaba indawo njengecebo elihle. Kwakunzima kakhulu intle kufikelela aphezulu. kufutshane kakhulu glacier zinokubonakala "Glade Shelestenko" kunye kwindlu yokuhlala. A Tyga glacier obusezantsi kancinci ibekwe Verhnekarmadonskie yimithombo thermal. Captivates nembono wawo GROTTO ngolwimi Tyga, icefall, i Kazbek ithafa.

Colca Glacier ngaphambi nasemva kokuba Intlekele yingozi enkulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwakhona wakha up kwinginginya ngumkhenkce. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, le ndibano elandelayo enokulindelwa kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ngoko ke, ngoku swi ingqalelo abaphandi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba glacier Kolka Zanyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku iingcali bhalisa izikhukhula Koban Gorge - ukuba "isekelwe" ukungcwatywa 2002 Karmadon Gorge. Ngomhla umzimba glacier kwakhiwa chibi, amanzi okuyingozi kwidolophana Saniba. Amanzi kusongela kwiidolophana esezantsi ezininzi ezinkulu, ezo ezingqinelana Gizeldon River.

Iingcali iqekelela ukuba ukunyibilika i glacier Kolka akwazi tsala amashumi eminyaka. Kunzima ukuba ebudeni yonke le minyaka, uya kuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba abantu abahlala apha.

Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Karmadon ntaba ntlambo nentlambo kwafuneka ukuba kuthiwe kwintsimi wawuyingozi gqira ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, emva ngenkqubela Kolka glacier. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, abantu baqala ukulibala ngawo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

uphando uyaqhubeka

Izazinzulu nangoku ukufunda Kolka glacier. Kutsha nje, kwafika gorge Karmadon eziphambili glaciologist kwilizwe lethu uNikolay Osokin. Wachitha iprojekthi yophando enkulu phezu kwisiza nokwehla glacier. Ehlobo elilandelayo kwezi ndawo kubambisa izazinzulu uhambo ummeli. Ndingathanda ukukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wabo uya kunceda ukuthintela imiphumo ebuhlungu lomnye nokwehla glacier. Kwaye ukuba uya kuze yenzeke, akukho kwamathandabuzo.