Izixhobo zokushisa ngokutsha ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zezindlu

Ingxaki yokufudumala okuphambili kukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba abaqeshi bazama ukuthintela njani indlu yabo, abanakho ukuhlawula imali esetyenzisiweyo yokushisa kwaze kwaba yilapho izixhobo zokutshisa indlu zakhiwo zifakwe . Ngokuncediswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa urhulumente weqondo lokushisa kwindlu, kodwa oku akunakunceda ukunciphisa inani lokuhlawula ukuthengiswa kobushushu. Ngokumalunga nendima yoluntu yokutshisa imitha, iintlobo zazo kunye nezinye izinto ziya kuxutyushwa ngezantsi.

Ubunani bendlu yonke: inzuzo

Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukulungisa ubushushu obuza ngqo kwisakhiwo sezindlu. Ziziphi izinto ezintle analo?

• Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yendlu yokubala yinzuzo yezemali - indleko yeso sixhobo iphakamileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba umnini wendawo yokuhlala, kodwa xa ukufaka ifowuni ngokubanzi ixabiso lihlukaniswe kubo bonke abaqeshi, okungaqinisekiyo, luncedo.
• Izixhobo zokubala izindlu ngokubanzi zikhulisa kakhulu umthwalo wabo bonke abantu abaphilayo ukugcina ukushisa kwisakhiwo, esinceda ukunciphisa umonakalo kwipropati eqhelekileyo, njengomnyango ongenawo umnyango wokungena okanye ifowuni yokwahlukana.

Iingxaki

Kanye nakuyo yonke indawo, kukho ukusilela ekuveliseni izixhobo:

• Umngcipheko ophambili wendawo yemitha eqhelekileyo yindleko ephezulu yezixhobo nokufakela, okuya kuhlawulwa kubanikazi bezindlu.
• Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa imitha kungabikho komyalelo, malunga nokufuneka ukuba kwenziwe ukulungiswa, iindleko zazo ezihlawulwa ngabanikazi.
• Ukuba indlu yendlu yokufudumala imitha ifakwe kwisakhiwo sezindlu, umnini-mhlaba akayi kukwazi ukuyigcina ngokuhlawula ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobushushu. Intlawulo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okushisa isenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwingingqi yendawo eshushu.

Ubaluleka bokubalwa kwemali ngenxa yokushisa kwamandla

Ukusuka ngasentla, sele sele kucacile ukuba nayiphi na inyathelo ejolise ekunciphiseni indleko zokufudumala, kufuneka iqale nge-akhawunti yeendleko zamandla. Imimiselo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo ukuthengiswa kobushushu kwaze kwaba kutshanje, yayifana nayo yonke kwaye isebenze ukususela kumaxesha e-USSR. Umgaqo wabo wokuqala-umthengisi-nkampani uvumele ireyithi yentlawulo ye-square 1. M ukuqwalasela zonke iindleko kunye neenzuzo zoshishino. Ukubalwa kokutshisa kwindlu yesakhiwo semitha kwisakhiwo sezindlu kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba ufumane ulwazi malunga neendleko zokushisa zangempela kwaye wenze iintlawulo ngokuhambelana nolwazi olunikeziwe. Ukuba neyunithi yokwakhiwa kwendlu, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqale ukuhlaziywa kwendlu, njengoko ukuphuculwa kwedatha ye-thermal kuyakuchaphazela ngokungathinteki ukusetyenziswa kobushushu, okuza kuthathwa ingqalelo ngokufakela. Ukongeza, ukuqaliswa kweso sihloko kuya kwenza ukuba kususwe amanethiwekhi amaninzi, okufuneka kwakhona ahlawulwe kwangaphambili, kuba oku kufakwe kwixabiso.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto zokubala ukutshisa kwizakhiwo zezindlu zinika ithuba lokuba abaqeshi basindise ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kuma-40%.

Kubalulekile ukufakwa kweemitha zokushisa

Umba wukuthi ukususela ehlobo lika-2012 ukufakela ukushisa iimitha kuye kwaba yinto enyanzelekileyo kwimimandla yeRussia Federation, nangona kunjalo, inani lokuhlawula liya kuba linciphile kuphela emva kwemisebenzi enjenge:

• Ukukhutshwa komgangatho wesakhiwo.
• Ukuqhawula ngokugcwele ekhaya.
• Ukutshintshwa kweefestile zokhuni ngeensimbi zeplastiki.
• Ukufudumala kwesiqwenga sendlu "ngengubo" eyenziwe ngeboyile yamaminerali okanye i-polystyrene.

Abahlali abasebenzisa iinkonzo zokufudumala zesithili kufuneka baqonde ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba baqwalasela ukufakwa kweemitha ezixhamlekileyo okanye akunjalo, oku akuchaphazeli imfuno yokufakela kwabo, kuba ngokuhambelana noMthetho we-Federal No. 261 izakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala kufuneka zixhotywe ngamamitha Umyalelo onyanzelekileyo. Lo mthetho wamukelwa ngezizathu ezininzi:

• Qinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuchanileyo nokufanelekileyo kwexabiso lokuhlawula.
• Ukukhuthaza abanikazi bezindlu ukuba bathathe indlela engakumbi yokonga ukushisa. Umlinganiselo wezezimali uphumelele ngakumbi kunokukholisa. Xa umntu eyazi ukuba umnyango wangaphambili ovulekileyo okanye iglasi ephukileyo ewindini lokungena liza kubonakalisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, uya kuba nolumkelekileyo malunga nepropati eqhelekileyo yabaqeshi.

Ngoku, ukukhathazeka malunga nemeko yendlu kunye nezingene zawela kumahlombe wabanikazi bezindlu, kwaye kungekhona kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, njengangaphambili.

Ngubani ofaka i-counter

Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa kuphela emva kokufunda izenzo zomthetho ngokusebenza kwimeko ethile. Ukuba sithetha ngentsimi yaseRashiya, ukufakwa kwamacandelo okubamba ingxelo kuyimfuneko, kwaye abaninzi banemibuzo engokwemvelo malunga nokuba ngubani onokubeka indlu yokufudumeza imitha. Umbutho ohambisa ubushushu kwizindlu zokuhlala kufuneka ufezekise umsebenzi, kunye neembopheleleko zabo ekusebenzeni nasekuqinisekiseni iimitha zokufudumala kude kube ngabaqeshi baququzelela umbutho wabo wabanini-mlingani.

Kubalulekile! Inhlangano ihlawula ubuninzi beendleko zezixhobo kunye nokufakela kwayo, nangona ngekamva ezi ndleko ziya kuhlawulwa ngokuqokelela imali eyongezelelweyo kubemi iminyaka emininzi.

Ukufakwa kwendawo yokutshisa imitha

Unokufumana ulwazi malunga nokufaka iimitha kwiinkampani zakho zolawulo okanye kwi-desktop design. Kodwa kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba ukufakela kwezixhobo ezinxulumene nesisombululo sexesha lolawulo - abanini bezinye iindawo zokuhlala banokungafuni izindleko ezongeziweyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, izindlu zokufudumala izindlu zifakwe kwi-control jikelele malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okushisa phambi kobukhulu bezinto zokubala kwigumbi ngalinye. Kule meko, abahlali bahlawula kwiibalati zombini kunye neendawo zoluntu (umzekelo, emnyango).

Ukufakwa komyalelo

Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuba ubambe intlanganiso yabaqeshi, apho kukhethwe umntu onoxanduva, ofuna:

• Fumana imvume kumbutho onikezela ukushisa.
• Ngena kwisivumelwano kunye nenkampani enelayisensi yomsebenzi wokuyila.
• Ngokusekelwe kwiprojekthi, misela iindleko zezixhobo kunye nokufakwa kwayo.
• Ukuqokelela imali.
• Ukulungelelanisa iprojekthi kunye nenkampani yokubonelela ngoshushu.
• Ukufumana izixhobo kwaye uthabathe ikhontrakta ukufakela kwayo.
• Thatha ifowuni ukuba isebenze.

I-Accounting Device

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi iindidi ze-flowmeter units, umgaqo wabo wokusebenza ufana kwaye ukhangeleka ngale ndlela: i-calculator ye-elektroniki iqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo emibini-i-flowmeter eyenziwe kwipayipi yokubonelela, kunye nakubunjinga bokushisa. Ngenxa yesiseko sedatha efunyenweyo, i-calculator ibala ukushisa okudliwayo, emva koko iimpawu zendlu yokufudumala imitha ziboniswa. Ekubeni kunamacandelo amaninzi, imithombo emibini kunye ne-sensor yexinzelelo zisetyenziswa.

Iintlobo eziphambili zokubala ziyabelwe, zintathu zazo:

1. I-Turbine (tachometric). Bayiqingqa inani lempahla yokuthuthwa kweshushu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuchithwa kwemishini equlethwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi.
2. Ultrasound. Imilinganiselo yentsebenzo yokushisa isekelwe kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi nge-ultrasound.
3. I-Electromagnetic. Inkcitho yombane wokushisa igqityiwe ngenguqu kwi-magnetic field, eyakhiwa kufuphi necandelo lokulinganisa.

Izixhobo zokuxilonga i-Turbine zona ziqoqosho kakhulu, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo zinika unobulungisa obukhulu. Ukongezelela, bafuna ukucoca rhoqo ngezihlunu kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo. Olu hlobo lwe-flowmeter lubucayi kakhulu phambi kobunqamlezo obunqunyanyisiweyo kwi-coolant, ludala ukuxhatshazwa kwamanzi, ngoko ke kusetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga njengemitha yokushisa.

Iimitha ze-ultrasonic zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zithembeke ekusebenzeni kwaye zichane ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba. Isixhobo asinakufuna ukugcinwa rhoqo, asiyi kukhangela, kodwa sidinga isikhala esithile (icandelo elichanekileyo lobungakanani obude phambi nangemva kwayo). Ukuba umbhobho awuhlambulukanga ngokupheleleyo amanzi, iphutha lokulinganisa landa.

Iimitha ze-electromagnetic ziphendula kwakhona kumgangatho wamanzi anikezelweyo, kodwa kuphela nje, akudingeki ukuba zilinganiswe ngokuthe ngqo. Izixhobo ezinjalo zengxelo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezininzi zeeyunithi njengeziqokelelwane.

Ukuxhuma kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemitha

Ukuze uqonde ukuba kungenelwe ukufaka imitha yokushisa, kufuneka ukwazi iindleko ezichanekileyo zezixhobo kunye nazo zonke iindleko ezihambelanayo. Ixabiso le sixhobo lixhomekeke kuhlobo lokuhamba kwemitha. Iindleko zokugqibela ziquka:

• Isixhobo.
• Izixhobo kuyo.
• Iindleko zofakelo.

Kuphela inhlangano eneemvume ezifunekayo ukwenza ukufakwa kweemitha ezigunyazisiweyo. Emva kokupheliswa kwezenzo zonke ekufakweni komqeshwa weenkampani, uyisigxina. Ukongezelela kubalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe isixhobo rhoqo kwiminyaka emine. Inkonzo ihlawulwa. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zokufaka imitha yentsholongwane zikhuphuke kakhulu, kodwa iindleko zihlawulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokugcina imali kwi-billing.

Ngubani ohlola imitha

Isixhobo esitsha sele sivivinywe, siqinisekisa ubungqina kwibhloko, kwaye ulwazi luphindwe kabili kwiimviwo ezihamba kunye. Ulungelelwano oluphambili luqhutyelwa kumveliso. Ngethuba lokuqalisa kwexesha lokuqinisekisa, umnini-zixhobo unokuqhagamshelana nale mibutho elandelayo:

• Kwinqanaba, elibeka iibhokisi zokushisa indlu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isivumelwano sokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo senziwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abasebenzi beenkampani bathatha yonke into yokuqinisekisa.
• Kwisebe lendawo yeziko lombuso, eliqhuba isatifikethi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa.
• Kwisiko senkonzo yomenzi weemitha.

Ukubalwa kokutshisa kwiplati kunye nomlinganiselo wezindlu

Kule meko, iziphumo zenzeke ngesiseko sokufundwa kwi-device efakwe kwixesha elikhankanyiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenyanga.

Kwixabiso elipheleleyo lokushisa kwamandla, inxalenye ebhaliweyo yendawo yokuhlala yakho ibalwa, ngoko yanda ngexabiso elimiselweyo. Ifomula yokubala ukushisa ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wendlu-mitha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

P = Q ubuninzi * S / S inani * T, apho:

• Ingqikithi ye-Q - inani lokushisa okudliwe ngokufundwa kweyunithi yeGcal.
• Inani elipheleleyo - indawo yendawo yokuhlala, indawo yamahhala kunye neofisi endlwini kwesikwere. M.
• Indawo efudumeleyo kwi-sq. M. M.Ayibandakanyi iibhalkoni, i-loggias, iitrasi kunye neerandas.
• T - ixabiso lokufudumala kummandla.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukulungiswa kokufudumala ngemitha yokumisela indlu kufuneka kuqhutywe naluphi na imeko ngokusekelwe kumgangatho wokushisa oqhelekileyo kwixesha lokufudumala. Emva koko, ekupheleni kwabaqeshi, inxalenye yemali ibuyiselwa njengentlawulo yokuqala yeenkonzo ezizayo okanye i-facsi ikhutshwe ngenkokhelo eyongezelelweyo.

Intlawulo yokutshisa ngexesha lehlobo

Ngokuhambelana nomthetho weRussian Federation, kuvunyelwe ukuhlawula iindleko zokufudumala unyaka wonke, oko kukuthi, iinyanga ezili-12, zombini ebusika nasehlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthotyelwa kwale mithetho kuxhomekeke kuphela kumagunya asekuhlaleni anamandla okubagxininisa ngesigqibo sabo. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yaseRussian Federation kukho izikhombiso ezimbini ngexesha elifanayo - uNombolo 307 kunye no-354. Owona myalelo uqala ukuba wenze ama-accruals rhoqo, kunye neyesibini-kuphela ngexesha lefudumala.

Ukuphumeza indlela yokuqala ilula kakhulu - iifomula ezifanayo zisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa izikhombisi zazo zifakwe endaweni ngokuhambelana nomnyaka wokugqibela, zazisasazwa iinyanga ezili-12. Emva koko, kukho ukulungiswa kwakhona nokulungiswa kwemigangatho eya kusetyenziswa kunyaka ozayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intlawulo ehlobo iyanciphisa inani lentlawulo yenyanga, kwaye kwenye - yenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye zingacaciswanga yonke inkqubo yokufaka imali.

Isiphelo

Abaninzi abemi bezakhiwo zezindlu baqhelana neziphene ezahlukeneyo okanye ngokungaqondakaliyo ukusuka apho kubonakala khona inani elibonakalayo kwiintlawulo zeenkonzo. Namhlanje, xa ezi mali zinomdla kakhulu, ukuqonda ngale nto kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ngoku uyazi indlela yokuqwalasela indlu yokushisa imitha. Ukongezelela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ababoneleli bokubonelela ukushisa bafumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwiirhafu kunye neerhafu ukwenzela ukuba baqinisekise ukuchaneka kweetyala.