Izixhobo mbo ezineentambo: inkcazelo iqela

Isiseko ye Symphony Orchestra liqela ibekwe kweli ziko, kanye phambi abaphulaphuli umqhubi. Oku imirhubhe waqubuda. umthombo epholileyo umtya ehlokomayo. Classification Hornbostelya Sachs-imirhubhe baguqa ngokuba chordophones. Xa violin ezimbini, Purple kunye cello badlale kunye, unalo abacula umtya. Le umculo string gumbi ezineentambo.

ezazingaphambi

Kabini basses, cellos, violas kunye violin bade baba hayi yokuqala, oko Yayikhokelwe Purple, leyo zaye zasasazeka kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu. Isandi kubo ibithambile kunye nokuthantamisa, ngoko ngokukhawuleza baba darling kuzo zonke okhestra. Ezineentambo Waqubuda zomculo, njengoko enjalo, bavele kudala phambi violas, kodwa sekunjalo abancinane kakhulu ukukhiwa izixhobo.

Isaphetha lwasungulwa Indiya, nokuba wayengazi amaGrike amandulo ngayo. Arabhu, namaPersi, Afrika idlule ukususela kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwenye njengoko ikhuni, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe (ngenkulungwane yesibhozo), isaphetha waya eYurophu. Akubunjwanga imirhubhe waguqa, leyo, ukutshintsha, wazala Purple kuqala, ivayolin waza emva koko.

Purple

Purple baba zobukhulu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukusuka phezulu ezahlukeneyo namazwi, ezinye emi phakathi ngamadolo akhe, omnye - ngamadolo akhe, kunye nabanye - ezinkulu - wema phezu kwesitulo kwaye kwafuneka ukuba badlale emi. Bekukho Purple encinane, nto leyo yabanjwa njengoko violin emagxeni. Purple da Gamba lisekhona emculweni, waba ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ezintle "ivoti." Yena victoriously yayikhona kuze ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, ngoko ixesha cello sacula iqela lakhe. Kuphela ngo 1905 i Purple da Gamba emculweni wabuya. Nangomrhubhe waqubuda izixhobo zomculo natyetyiswa kakhulu isandi yabo ababuyi.

Ngokubanzi, i-Purple ixesha elide baba basebukhosini ezamkelekileyo ngakumbi: befumana olugqibeleleyo, njenge isandi umfutho, umculo izandi ngokulungelelanisiweyo nekhandlela, xa iimvumi bevathe velvet kunye intsi olungumgubo. violin folk yokuqala iphumelele, ngoko ke amabhotwe zokuzilungisa kwabo okude akavumelekanga ukuba angene, kukho ngukumkani nomrhubhe kunye Ngoweentambo ezilishumi.

umculo Purple kaThixo ezenziwe ngayo izinto ezixabisekileyo yaye ke yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo, iintloko babedla ngobugcisa oqingqiweyo ngohlobo iintyatyambo, iintloko izilwanyana okanye ngabantu.

iinkosi

Ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu, kunye nesiqalo nokufika violin, Ngoweentambo ezilishumi kunye violovye iingcibi baqalisa zokubaqeqesha ukuba izixhobo zomculo womthonyama njengoko Fairground indawo begazi endala; kuba amathuba amaninzi ndikhuphe isandi, ekhululekile nezakhono enyanisweni. E Cremona, waseka isikolo edume Andrea Amati, owaba amafa. umzukulwana wakhe waba nako ukwenza violin ngeenzame zabo engaqhelekanga isandi nobushushu, ukuthamba kunye iindidi ilizwi igcinwe.

Violin waba nako konke: ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabantu nkqu baxelise imvakalozwi le lilizwi lomntu. Kwinkulungwane kamva, enye inkosi - Antonio Stradivari, umfundi Nicolo Amati, wavula ucweyo lwakhe kwaye kananjalo wenza kakuhle. Kwakhona woku umninindlu Dzhuzeppe Gvarneri, kunye uyilo yevayolin omtsha, ugqibeleleyo ababesiza. Zonke ezi zikolo babe nosapho, ityala waqhubeka, kunye nabantwana, kunye nabazukulwana. Zavelisa nje kunefidyoli, kodwa onke amanye izixhobo abagobileyo ezineentambo.

Amagama kwizixhobo ze-okhestra

Irejista liphezulu bomtya isaphetha unalo violin, kwaye iphantsi - bass. Kufuphi isandi yomculo - ngezantsi nje - izandi Alto, nokuba ephantsi - cello. ukwakheka kwalo zonke izixhobo baguqa ezineentambo ziyindawo umzobo yabantu, kodwa abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo.

violin Housing uye ube ezimbini - eliphezulu nolusezantsi, owokuqala wenziwe maple kunye nezinye besitya. Loo ukulungiselela unoxanduva umgangatho kunye namandla nesandi. Elise slot lokuvala top - f-emingxunyeni, yaye ingathi ileta "f". Ukuba umzimba entanyeni eqhotyoshelweyo (apho i "aphilileyo 'iminwe violin), yenziwe nemisimbithi, kwaye ngaphezu kwakhe ololulele umtya - abane kubo. Bona iiphegi eziqhotyoshelweyo, izibhija yaye etsala phezu kwabo. Yiloo nto ke ukuphakama ukuqina isandi uxhomekeke violin zeengoma, ifidyoli, basonta ukuqhekeka.

Indlela ukuze udlale nabo

Alt violin enkulu, nangona akayeki egxalabeni lakhe. Cello elikhulu, ukudlala ngayo ehleli esitulweni ngu zokusingatha isixhobo phantsi phakathi kweenyawo zakhe. Bass ubukhulu kakhulu ngakumbi cello, bass usoloko ludlala emi phezulu, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, uhlala esitulweni phezulu.

Bow - ngenduku iinkuni, nto leyo wolula zamafu iinwele ihashe, ngoko leyo lubricated rosin - pine nentlaka. Emva koko kuqubuda kancinane unamathela umtya, udilize njani oku. I umtya eshukuma ngayo yaye ngoba izandi. Zonke izixhobo mbo ezineentambo Symphony Orchestra asebenza kulo mgaqo. Xa kufunwa yi ngamanqaku, kuba umtya isaphetha angasusa isandi ngokukha (pizzicato), kwaye nkqu wabetha inxalenye ngamaplanga yesaphetha.

Alto

Purple oluyeleleneyo kakhulu kunefidyoli, yena nje ngokubanzi kancinci yaye elide, kodwa ngamazwi ezikhethekileyo bakhe, isandi aphantsi kunye ziyatyeba. Ayizizo zonke violin udlale Purple kunye kwityala ngokweesentimitha mane anesithandathu elide, ewe, kunye nentamo. Iminwe kufuneka Yomelela elide, ibhrashi ebanzi kunye namandla kakhulu. Kwaye, Kakade, Kufuneka uvakalelo ekhethekileyo. Zonke ezi mpawu kunye kakhulu ezinqabileyo.

Nangona abaqambi Purple ayikho popular njengabanye zelo qela ezineentambo waguqa, nto isabalulekile kakhulu kwi okhestra yesimfoni. Xa udlala solo, umzekelo, Yuriy Bashmet, ixabiso isixhobo ngokukhethekileyo ngayo.

cello

Akukho isixhobo ingaguqulwa ngakumbi ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezifana intlungu, intlungu, usizi, nokuba lithemba. Cello ngelizwi ihlaba umphefumlo ubume bokuhlala, akukho esinye isixhobo akayithandi. Aleksandr wagqabhuka kuthelekiswa "Ebomvu Iiseyile 'ulinde yayo intombi enyulu egama Assol kunye cello - kunye ndiyazingca Carmen. Eneneni, cello ukuba ayidlulisele enzulu kakhulu iimvakalelo ezinamandla kunye nesimilo ecacileyo.

cello Iveliswe violin ngexesha elinye kufuneka siziinkosi yokuqala, kodwa saphelela yi Antonio Stradivari. Esi sixhobo ixesha elide abazange isaziso kwi okhestra, zimshiya inkxaso iqela, kodwa xa ilizwi ngokwenene weva eninzi abaqambi ziye solo kunye kwigumbi umculo zabhalelwa cello kunye beqonga ngakumbi ukuphucula ubuchule ukudlala lo sixhobo.

contrabass

Esi sixhobo iphantsi-ezineentambo baguqa phezu kwirejista. Form on ganga ulinde efana kakhulu: umzimba izidanga, emagxeni akhe tyaba ngokuchasene wesibeleko. Isandi lakhe elinamandla, izityebi, amahlwempu, kwaye okhestra lithe lalila okulungileyo ngaphandle bass, bass kabini ngoko kukho nje ezinye endaweni yazo. Koko, asinde phantse nasiphi okhestra - nkqu Jazz. Kuyinto lwenkonzo.

Ukuba uthelekise amanqaku okhestra kunye umzimba womntu, bass - kuba amathambo apho, ngokulandelelanayo, "inyama" - ihambisana harmonic kunye nomgca emnandi - "isikhumba", kucacile kubo bonke. Ukuba simele sicinge ukuba amathambo umzimba sele isusiwe, kwenzeka ntoni? Ewe, yisaka shapeless. Nantso iimfuno ezifanayo kwaye bass ngayo nangoku ibamba. Yintoni umtya & isaphetha izixhobo ziya kukwazi ukugcina kwisingqi yonke orchestra? Kuphela basses.

violin

Ezineentambo waqubuda izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo kuyo ukumkanikazi xa ivayolin uyacula, abanye ukucula kuphela kunye. Isandi kuthathwa indlela banobuqhophololo, yintoni akukho esinye isixhobo kweli qela akazi njani. Thoba ne nzima, rough, horsehair erhabaxa, rosin ya - phantse ukufaka kuba rosin eyomeleleyo watshiza powder. Xa isaphetha kufika entanjeni, yeentsasa, ngoko nangoko enyele umtya, wobeka phi Kwanele luthambe, kwaye ke kuza off, ukunamathela ngokukhawuleza kwakhona. Nantsi ke intshukumo bomtya - kwanaxa isiginci isaphetha, kunye sinusoidal kwi imbuyekezo - kwaye uvelisa besandi ekhethekileyo.

Ngaphezulu kwaye ebalalanisa: kwezinye izixhobo, isiginci, umzekelo, ekubetheni ziya kwenziwa kwi-Ungqameko nzima ngesinyithi, ngoxa ivayolin bethembela kweenkuni, saso kunokuba ekubekwe ekukho kunye umdlalo macala omabini, yaye ezi ukuhla nokunyuka idlulisela zonke imitya, nokuba le yokuba isaphetha akukho abachaphazelekayo. Ngoko ke umfanekiso jikelele izandi ezincinane ayifiki perceptible ezongezelelwayo ukuze ngakumbi elicebisa isandi eso sixhobo.

isixhobo amathuba

Imvakalozwi inkululeko violin isandi nje emininzi. Alinako nje ingoma kodwa ukuba umlozi, kwaye asekelwe ucango waziva neentaka ntsholo imnandi. Kwaye kanye kumabonakude wabonisa Epreli Msweli Humorina apho violin umdla abaphulaphuli ngokuthi uwulinganise umdlalo ezinganxulumananga ngokupheleleyo umculo. Umzekelo, umphathi ilizwi engabonakaliyo kwisikhululo: bezishumayela ukufika kukaloliwe. Igama elithi "pavtaryaaaayu" yevayolin bakhuze ziphum '. Ukuyazi le sixhobo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho ukuva esiLawulayo, kunye noqeqesho kufuneka ibe elide. Akulolize, abantwana beqala ukufunda kwangethuba emithathu okanye emine iminyaka ukuze ufumane result enesidima.