Izinxibo zeMveli kwizizwana kummandla iVolga. Amadoda kunye kwabasetyhini iingubo kwizizwana kummandla iVolga

izinxibo yemveli yabantu yommandla iVolga, ngokunjalo zonke iimpahla yesizwe ibonisa zommandla yesazisi intlalo kunye nophuhliso yoluntu. IVolga - lo mlambo mde, yaye njengoko ezinambuzelayo emideni yawo inokubonwa lwenzeke umahluko eneenkontsho yesizwe.

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Imbonakalo izinxibo kazwelonke kwabangela ikakhulu amasiko nezithethe kwizizwana kummandla iVolga, eziye kwasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu. Eyona uphawu ngalunye kwezi costume yesizwe ke ekugqibeleni. Njengezivatho, enemvelaphi yayo ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, hayi ngaphandle kwesizathu ebizwa ukubhalwa elidlulileyo. Ukukholelwa kookhokho sibhalwe amakhubalo wadala iipateni ezila kuphela ukuba wesizwe okanye uhlanga, wamnikela ndehla kwekhulu leminyaka. Ngoko kukho uyilo isetyenziswayo, sikhonza oyimfakamfele kunye oboya, izincedisi yesinxibo original onefuthe abantu abathile. Kodwa njengokuba lo mlambo mde eYurophu inxulumanisa zonke izizwe kummandla iVolga, yaye inxalenye ephambili yale costume wesizwe - ihempe (ingakumbi abafazi) - icandelo okuqhelekileyo uphawu zonke nesinxibo yesizwe yabantu le mimandla.

Common bonke

Ngenxa yoko, iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga unayo enye into efanayo. umembi eSoviet kunye ethnographer Boris Alekseevich Kuftin yathi "cut ingubo": shirt kuzo zonke iintlanga bommandla iVolga akukho ezivuzayo egxalabeni. Kakade ke, kwezinye iintlanga, ezifana amaRoma amandulo okanye yaseJapan, akukho ezivuzayo amagxa. Isizathu soku ikakhulu iimeko zamandulo apho kwafuneka ukupeyinta okanye ukupeyinta iimpahla, okanye into ethile eyenye, kodwa musa ukhankanye ukuba oku eqhelekileyo zonke iimpahla iinkcukacha apho, ukuba akanakuba nako umahluko ilokhwe yesizwe. Efanayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwakukho izinto sikhe apho - benemfuyo neflakisi. Kokuba bagqibe ekubeni perile amanzi kunye unina pearl bamoya isicelo owoyifumana ezweni lonke iikhosityum iVolga. Ngokomthetho iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga: Mordovia, i Chuvash, Tatar kwizizwe zeli kuMbindi iVolga kunye Samara - kwahluka enye kwenye.

Erzya and Moksha

Thelekisa, makhe siqale siqwalasele Mordovia isuti. esizweni ngasinye, imvelaphi yayo, eli bali zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Mordvinians, subethnos nokwahlula (Moksha kunye Erzya, kunye ngeelwimi zabo), yi Finno-Ugric a izizwe. Kuphela elinye kwisithathu bahlala Mordovia, kwaye abanye - kwiindawo ezikufuphi kwaye kulo lonke Russia. Abathi ubukhulu becala Orthodox, kodwa Molokans apho kwaye amaLuthere. Kwaye konke oku kangangeenkulungwane wabumba ilokhwe kazwelonke lwabonakala kuzo. Kufuneka ke ukuba misele bezisoloko iindlela zorhwebo kuphela unxulumanisa abamelwane. Ukunxibelelana omnye nomnye, nezizwe iVolga abolekwe izithethe zomnye, amasiko, iiresiphi, Cuisine yesizwe, ndaze eqhelene izithethe, wathabatha phezu izinto impahla nezacholo.

Umahluko iisuti, nangaphakathi yobuhlanga efanayo

Kwaye kwasekwa iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga. Mordovia entsonkothileyo female isinxibo, namadoda - lula futhi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba yesinxibo yesizwe mokshanki inxitywa rhoqo kwaye erzyanki - kuphela nangeeholide. Kwaye akukho umahluko kuphela, nkqu costume yesizwe wesizwe omnye. Jikelele kunye ngokupheleleyo kuba kuzo umbala ngelaphu omhlophe, eso basinqumla ihempe yakhe, ubukho amaso iingqekembe izacholo kunye oonokrwece, kwakunye iilokhwe nangobugcisa ngombala. Clothing amadoda ayinzima kunye efana kakhulu costume Russian - ihempe untucked, ibhulukwe lakhe Mfuleni leggings. Panhard kunye ponkst (ihempe kunye nebrukhwe) ngosuku ngalunye zazenziwe hemp, iholide - iflakisi.

ezithile ezifunekayo

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo costume yaba umbhinqo, okanye Karksi, osoloko belted yabipa. ukubaluleka mkhulu iqhotyoshelwe apha. Oku kwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngethwathwa waba ukuyona elula njengokuba umsesane okanye zinokuhonjiswa ngamandla. It lanqunyanyiswa ibhanti okanye izixhobo, okanye izixhobo, xa nibhinqe okulwa ezikhethekileyo. Kule shirt ehlotyeni amadoda Mordovia babenxiba emhlophe usana ukukhanya kaThixo undershirt (mushkas - at Moksha rutsya - at Erza), ebusika - caftan-ezifana ingubo Russian kaThixo, cut ngqo, enemikhono emide, incasa enkulu kunye yomqala ububanzi, okanye eshunqulweyo kwi idyasi esinqeni lwegusha. Ngesigqubuthelo sentloko uninzi lwazo felted iminqwazi (mhlophe okanye lube mnyama) amasimi amancinane, yaye kamva, njengoko in Russian, iminqwazi mveliso, yasebusika - uboya ikepusi okanye uMalaki. Ezinyaweni zakhe neembadada ngonyawo ndibopha okanye leggings, ngeeholide - izihlangu. Easy and elula. Kodwa ukuze banxibe Mordovia umfazi iiyure eziliqela, kunye nabancedisi ezimbini okanye ezintathu.

iimpawu ezizodwa

ihembe Traditional emhlophe, umsebenzi oyimfakamfele, Moksha ziye elifutshane, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ngokuyimfuneko iblukhwe longeziwe. ibhanti ngokobutyebi emfakamfele Erzyas endaweni Pulayya - hip yomhombiso amaso, sequins, amaso, nezidanga. Intombazana erzyanka Okokuqala walinxiba ngomhla ubudala ayarhoxiswa phambi umhlala-phantsi. Iiholide enkulu phezulu konke oku kwambatha ebhantini amaso kunye iintshinga ezibomvu, phantsi apho emacaleni siqoshelise iitawuli ezinkulu. Yayibizwa ngokuba selge pulogay. Kwaye Moksha abafazi ibhanti ngezihombo kwakukho Kesko rutsyat, inxitywa nje lamaqhosha ezimbalwa kwaye zazihonjiswe kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo nangaphakathi uhlanga efanayo. Kunye ukubonakala kwazo indlela zokuguga nako ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo ubudala uqikelelo yomfazi, ubume ekuhlaleni kunye nobuzwe.

outerwear

On top of bonke uhlobo ngasentla amabhinqa Mordovia babenxiba sundress - kafton-krda. Ngamanye amaxesha enxibe iimpahla rutsyu ukujinga ubude inka- kusikhumbuza entla kwamadolo. Kwaye sika umbala amaqela sub-yobuhlanga zahlukile, ngokunjalo leggings. Iminqwazi baba izakhiwo entsonkothileyo ezibonisa ubudala, yomtshato kunye nesimo ekuhlaleni. Kubo, khange sizilibazise izacholo. impahla Demi-lonyaka yaba Sumann, kwakunye namadoda. Ebusika abafazi ayenxiba iingubo lwegusha ezininzi ruffles phantsi esinqeni ahlabayo. Shoes ezivela babantu kakhulu ezahlukene. Kakade ke, abafazi ayenxiba izacholo, mokshanki amakhonkco zemveli, amaso, izacholo wongezelela iibhibhi. Enye dibanisa ukuba kwinkulungwane XIX kwi Mordovia yesinxibo yabasetyhini iye ifakwe kwi ifaskoti. Ngomhla umzekelo costume yesizwe isizwe ibonisa ukuba izizwe iVolga impahla nemazi kwinani izinto, nezo kunye nokwahluka kwezihombo kunye nezongezelelo ngaphezulu kakhulu isuti zomntu, kunye nesinxibo ababhinqileyo bezinye iintlanga kulula kakhulu Mordovia.

iinkcukacha elikhanyayo

abantu eTurkey (yesibini ngobukhulu Russia) AmaTatar zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu ethno-indawo, enye yazo iVolga-phambene. Bonke bephela zahlukile enye kwenye, kuquka ilokhwe yesizwe. Ukuthelekisa iikhosityum yemveli yabantu yommandla iVolga, i-Tatar zibe nokwaziwa ngoko nangoko. Unawo iminqwazi ezitsolo phezulu elirhangqiweyo, ibhulukhwe ngokubanzi kunye beshmets inyathelo ebanzi kunye nezihlangu ezintle kakhulu ngethwathwa elikroliweyo okanye velvet esilukiweyo. Lubonakala ububanzi shirt, kwiblawuzi kunye iibhatyi apha esinqeni. zangaphantsi ngqo enemikhono aluhlaza, ndiwanqumle emagxeni, okanye Chekmenev, sifunda impahla yamandulo eTurkey. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo lwezincedisi yoluntu, nto leyo ke costume yemveli, emva kokuba indlela elide kuphuhliso yezembali, uye walilondoloza inkumbulo yiminyanya.

A phawu uphawu costume

Into eqhelekileyo zonke iimpahla AmaTatar ingqalelo imilo yakhe trapezoidal (ngasemva kusoloko pritalivalas) kunye ubukho apha la madoda kunye ihempe wabafazi costume (kulmek) kunye nebrukhwe (yshtan). shirt Women yahlukile kuphela ubude - ngamanye amaxesha zifike kwamaqatha. Tatar shirt eyahlukileyo kwezinye izikipa ingubo iqukwe zonke iikhosityum yemveli yabantu yommandla iVolga, ububanzi nobude (emadodeni zifike amadolo) kunye stand-up ikhola. Xa abafazi phantsi ihempe yakhe, apho, njengokuba umthetho, yaba cut nzulu, ndisoloko kwaba ebhatyini. Rich Tatar waba ihempe eyenziwe amalaphu amazwe yonyuke. Iblukhwe azakubalulwa yinto yokuba amadoda zazenziwe ilaphu esinemigca (pestryad), kuba namankazana - neArabha.

lula

Outerwear: Cossack, ihempe kunye chekmen - yaba Zapashnyy, form-kwakufanelekile kunye umva ezifunekayo. Xa abantu, kananjalo kwabakho caftan ukutyelela mosque. uphawu olugunyazisiweyo i ibhanti. Nempahla abafazi eliphezulu yahlukile lwemenu iinkunzi kuphela, ezisebenzisa uboya, qhina, nezimfakamfele kunye kwiteksti nokuhombisa. Ukuqwalasela iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga (Tatar, umzekelo), sinako ukuzoba kwisigqibo ilandelayo: bobabini indoda kunye nesinxibo basethyini ingabo nto inzima kakhulu, oko akumenzi ngaphantsi ezintle. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye iinkcukacha zokuhombisa kunye ihempe, nto leyo kwezinye iimeko kufana kunokuba a sinxibe flounces. Eyona iphambili ilokhwe lesizwe naliphi iqela uhlanga kukuba ngokusondeleyo enxulumene aba bantu ebomini, oko kwaqala ukutyhubela iinkulungwane waza wadala lonke uluntu ngokobuhlanga.

Evumelana indawo Samara iVolga

Samara iVolga abantu impahla yesizwe amahlwempu kunye enye isisityebi yaye enye. Eyahluke kubuchwepheshe, izixhobo, ubuhle, dearness lokubhalela. E Samara, ngaphandle Russian, Ukraine ubomi Chuvash kunye AmaTatar iqashiso. Ngoko ke, izinxibo zemveli kunye nabemi bommandla Samara iVolga ayahluki kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kulmek ihempe abafazi jikelele emva costume yesizwe Samara Tatar, zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu. Eyokuqala kuzo iyafana njengoko ihempe ngentla - ngokubanzi, ngqo, ezifana ebantwini. It has a panel enkulu ngqo kunye icala ezimbini, lokudlabhuka, ngqo, isikhumba amaribhili liqatywe esifubeni. Enemikhono gqibezela uhanjiso, emqukumbelweni wengubo kwaba shuttlecock. Bonke kulmeki kade. Xa uhlobo yesibini flounces yabipa akhwela esinqeni, esinqeni, maxa wambi ukuya esifubeni sakhe. Kulmek uhlobo sesithathu ngakumbi ngathi ilokhwe idyokhwe.

Ubuqili iikhosityum kummandla iVolga

ubulungu elisisinyanzelo ngasese obhinqileyo yaba camisole, nto leyo kunxitywe phezu kulmeka kunye shilsya ngemisonto enzima. Uphawu lisahlulayo ulwalamano olusondeleyo esifubeni-entanyeni izivatho ngesigqubuthelo. abasetyhini abadala enxibe uhlobo, Beje nangengqongqo nezimfakamfele headscarf - orpek. Indlela unxibe headscarf owayenokugqiba ekubeni yeyiphi iqela anawo umfazi Tatar: ukuya Samara okanye Kazan nangezinto. Samara isuti madoda yayahluke kancinane ukusuka elunxwemeni iimpahla zabanye abantu kummandla iVolga. Ingaba ukuba ezintweni kulmeka ezisecaleni ebanzi, kangangokuba yayifana Cossacks yokunxiba. Kule ihempe atyabukile ingubo kunokuba elifutshane enemikhono elifutshane, le yokugqibela yaba Cossack. Kule ndawo amadoda Muslim unxibe skullcaps ezimfakamfele ngokobutyebi kunye amaso, ukuba isityalo zokuhomba.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo iikhosityum Middle iVolga

izinxibo kaZwelonke kwizizwana kuMbindi iVolga okudibeneyo wayenxiba ngasentla, ngenxa yokuba behlala apha Russian, Chuvash, Mordovian kunye Tatar. Ngokuba impahla yabafazi luphawulwa ngayo ihempe efanayo. I walinxiba kunye sundresses aqingqiweyo ezahlukeneyo okanye ponovoy - isondo lengubo yoboya kunye emqukumbelweni Beje. Into yokugqibela yaba Shugay - ibhatyi mfutshane eshushu. Indima ye-iibhatyi, zinxitywa phezu ihempe, bakhonza navershnik ngoxa kude, shulpan okanye imikhono. Le yesinxibo wesilisa ezilula ngoko kulula ukuyisebenzisa: ihempe kunye nombhinqo, amazibuko ezinemizila Mfuleni izihlangu. Winter - Ingubo free.

Ukungabikho lweeyantlukwano eziwela

Saba akukho mahluko ngokumangalisayo izinxibo yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga. Chuvash naye kakhulu ezahlukene, ngaphandle ukuba amagama amalungu. Zonke shirt enye isambatho Chuvash wayebizwa CCEE kunye ibhulukwe inyathelo ngokubanzi - Yem. Women CCEE, ezihonjiswe oyimfakamfele ezintle, ezigugileyo kunye ukungqubana esinqeni, waza wayibeka phezu ifaskoti (ifaskoti) ngaphezulu ihempe. Yaba umhombiso uphawu iibheji intsimbi kunye zemali. Tuhya, ngesigqubuthelo sentloko amantombazana, nto abayinqobo: ifomu waba cone-ezimilise, zincediswa uphawu wayo (ukuhomba, esihla phezu ebunzi) head ezineeribhoni. Neengubo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele Tatar Middle iVolga ebizwa tuttar. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi ngesigqubuthelo, ingakumbi kumabhinqa, azakubalulwa iikhosityum yemveli yabantu kummandla iVolga. Chuvash eyindoda isuti ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye becala nebrukhwe umbala: kusoloko babemhlophe, nezimfakamfele ibhodle ecaleni cut kusenokuba ntathu imilo. appliqués Outerwear nezimfakamfele. Isivatho Yayihonjiswe esifubeni, waye ivumba kunye umqukumbelo. White pryamospinny shupar iilokhwe waba imikhono elimxinwa kakhulu.