Izilwanyana zentlango ye-arctic. Izityalo zeentlango zaseArctic zaseRashiya

Inkqantosi yaseArctic yindawo enesimo sezulu esibuhlungu, apho kuphela abameleli bexesha elide kunye nezilwanyana ezinokuphila. Kwiqhwa kunye neqhwa, umntu kufuneka alungiselele kwiimeko ezimbi. Ngoko ke, izityalo zeentlango ze- arctic ziyahlukahluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwabanye. Banobukeka obukhethekileyo kunye nokunyuka ukulungelelanisa.

Ziziphi iimpawu - izityalo ze-arctic?

Njengomthetho, kwiimeko ze-desert mosses, i-lichens kunye neengca ziphila. Ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kwekhephu kunye neqhwa kukho i-oases zangempela kunye neentyantyambo. Nangona kunjalo, azininzi kakhulu kubo - ngaphezu kwemashumi anesithandathu, kwaye zisasazwa kwisiqingatha sommandla we-Arctic. Yonke inxalenye yintsimi engenamhlaba kunye neziqhekeza zamatye, apho zikhula khona kuphela. Kwiindawo ezinomhlaba ohluphekileyo zikhula okusanhlamvu, i-sedge ne-moss. I-algae e-microscopic ehlala kwiqhwa elingapheli lifanelwe ukukhankanywa okhethekileyo, kwaye zonke iintwasahlobo ziyipenda ngobuso obuhlaza. Kwiindawo ezifudumele kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo, nokuba i-roses iqhakazile, ngokwenene, iintlobo ezikhethekileyo, iintlobo ze-arctic, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ice swirl entsha. Kwaye kwinqanaba elingasemntla ungakwazi ukudibana neentyantyambo ze-polar poppy.

Iimpawu zendalo kwiArtictic

Izilwanyana zentlango ye-arctic zibonakaliswe yi-photosynthesis enamandla kumaqondo aphantsi aphantsi-kwiqabunga ukuya kuma-degrees amahlanu awalungiselela isiqingatha se-carbon dioxide kwaye iyaqhubeka yenza njalo nangobushushu obushushu. Eyona mpu melelo kakhulu yi-cladonia loserogaya kunye ne-stereo alpine cassette, ejongene namaqondo ashushu angaphantsi kwama-degrees Celsius. Ngoko i-lichens iphile nakwiibhanti ezinzima kakhulu kwi-tundra. Enye yeempawu zabo eziyingqayizivele yindlela ehamba ngayo emilanjeni, isakhiwo esinesibhakabhaka, apho izityalo zixhomekeke kulo mhlaba. Ehlabathini, ukushisa komoya kuphezulu kunokuba ubude beemitha eziliqela, ngoko kulula ukuhlala apho. Ehlathini kukho amaqabunga afileyo kunye namahlumela abamba iqhwa, ekhusela iindawo eziphilayo ezivela kwiikristali zeqhwa ezithwala umoya. Ukongezelela, izityalo ezininzi kwiintlango ze-arctic zaseRashiya nakweminye imimandla zibonakaliswa ngumbala ogqithisayo owenza ininzi ukugcina ubushushu - ngaphakathi kweempawu, ubushushu buba ngamazinga aphezulu ngaphezulu.

Ihlathi elingaqhelekanga elitshabeni

Izityalo ezininzi ze-tundra ziyi-shrub. Kodwa i-siksa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-crow, ikhethekileyo-amasebe ayo afana nemithi ye-coniferous kwaye ihlanganiswe ngamagqabi amancinci afana neenaliti. Kodwa kusekho isityalo esineentyantyambo kwaye eqinisweni amaqabunga ayo awayiyo yonke inaliti. Ngomane nje zimela amancinci angacinyiweyo, angagcinwanga ama-tubom nge-stomata - isakhiwo esinjalo sincitshisa ukuphuma kwamanzi kwiqabunga. Ngamahlumela ayo amade isihlwele siwa kude emhlabathini, sigcine imbonakalo yayo yonke unyaka, kunye namaqabunga kuphela ashintsha umbala kwi-violet-black. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iqhwa lidibanise entwasahlobo, i-shyksha ibhola yeentyantyambo kwiintyatyambo ezincinci, kwaye ekupheleni kweeriteji ezinkulu ezimnyama ezihlaza kunye nejusi ebomvu ngaphakathi zibonakala kwindawo yazo. Ziyidliwayo, kodwa ingenangqiqo kwinqabileyo, ngenxa yento abahlali bakubiza ngayo "isityalo." Emazantsi aseNyakatho, amajikijolo axutywe kunye nesityiwa enamafutha kunye neentlanzi ezomileyo kwisitya kunye negama elinyayo.

ITundra Blueberry

Nabo baziyo yonke into malunga neentaba ze-arctic, ngamanye amaxesha bayazibuza ukuba i-blueberry ikhula apho. Oku kuyinyaniso - iifesi ezinamaqabunga ebluhlaza zinokufumaneka lula kwi-tundra. Ubume kunye nobukhulu beqabunga zifana ne-cowberry, kodwa ngokungafani nayo, kumacembe e-blueberry awela ekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo, ikhupha iintyatyambo ezimhlophe okanye ezipinkiweyo ubukhulu obungaphantsi kwepea, ifomu elikhumbuza iigu. Iintlobo zifana ne-blueberries ezinkulu, kodwa inyama inemibala eluhlaza. Amajikijolo amnandi, anokuqulethe ngaphezu kweesithandathu kwipesenti, ngoko ke abantu basekhaya basebenzisa i-blueberries kwijellies, pie kunye ne-jam. Ekupheleni kwehlobo ezinye iinxalenye ze-tundra zijika zibe zihlaza okomhlaza kwi-berries, zininzi ziyakhula.

Grasshopper Grass

Ukubala izityalo zeentaba ze-arctic, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukusila, okanye i-ptarmigan. Le ndawo isityalo esineziqhamo ezinomthi oqinileyo obonakala u-shaggy, kwaye amaqabunga ayo afana namacembe e-oki, kuphela nje kuphela kumdlalo. Ziyimvula eluhlaza kwaye ziluhlaza, kwaye ziqhubeka zisebusika, ezingapheliyo rhoqo kwizityalo kwiindawo eziqithi ze-Arctic. Ingxoxo yomilelo ayiyi kuzaliswa ngaphandle kwebali malunga neentyantyambo zayo - zinkulu kunye ezimhlophe, ngee-pedicels ezide kunye neepalali ezivulekile. Wonke umntu obona i-partridge okokuqala, uyamangalisa ngokuhlukileyo ngobukhulu besityalo ngokwawo kunye nemibala yayo. Ngendlela, igama lesibini le-dryad ngenxa yokuba amaqabunga ayo adla ngokutya i-partridges, ngokukhethekileyo ebusika, xa enye imifuno emitsha kwi-tundra ayifumaneki. Ikakhulukazi i-ptarmigan enyakatho ye-tundra. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe njengesityalo sokutshiza kwaye ityalwe kwiidladi ze-alpine.

I-Polar Poppy

Kuyamangalisa ukuba kwindawo enzima njengentlango yase-Arctic, iziqhamo zezityalo ziintyatyambo. Into eqhelekileyo yazo zonke iintyatyambo yi-polar poppy, ebonakala kwi-tundra ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphantsi kwengqungquthela yomoya othabathayo, iintyatyambo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zivela emhlabeni, zisaphila nakwezinye izityalo zeentlango ze-arctic ziyafa kwaye kuphela i-moss ihlala. Ngamanye amaxesha ama-polar poppies afaka iipatethi ezipheleleyo zombala wegolide. Ukubonakala kwayo kuyahluke ngokucacileyo kunye neentlanzi zesitampu nezincinci. Isiqu sinokufikelela ubude ukuya kwiisentimitha ezilishumi elinesibini, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo sisasazeka emhlabathini, sinyuka kuphela kwientyatyambo. Njengazo ezinye izityalo eziqhaqhakazileyo zentlango ye-arctic, oku kubonakaliswa ngamagqabi ahlukileyo, okwangoku, angabonakali ngaphezu kweentyatyambo eziqhelekileyo ze-poppy. I-polar poppy ikhula kule mimandla yaseRussia njenge-Vaigach Island, i- penimula yaseTaimyr, i-Urals, i-Yakutia, iMagadan kunye ne-New Land archipelago. Inokufumaneka kuwo wonke amabhanti ase- Arctic eNyakatho yeNtlabathi - e-Iceland, eSweden, eNorway, kwiiIt Faroe nase-Alaska.