Izibonelelo zabantu abasemhlala-phantsi eMoscow: ukuhamba kwamahhala, unyango olukhethekileyo lwezonyango, iingenelo zenkonzo

Namhlanje sifuna ukufumana ukuba zeziphi iingeniso zabantu abahlala phantsi eMoscow bathembele eRashiya ngo-2017. Le ngxaki ixhalaba bonke abantu abakhulileyo kunye nabadala. Yonke inxaso karhulumente inokwahlukana kwiindidi ezi-2 - zommandla kunye nezomanyano. Ubuninzi beenzuzo abufunanga ukubhaliswa. Kodwa amanye amalungelo afuneka ashiwo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke abanokuthi bafumane umhlala-phantsi waseMoscow?

Iintlobo zoncedo kubantu

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqonda ukuba zeziphi abantu abadala asebekhulile. Akusiyo imfihlo kunabani abafumana umhlalaphantsi abafumana uncedo oluphakade kwiRussian Federation. Kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, banikezelwa uncedo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu.

Abemi banokulindela inkxaso karhulumente:

• ZeMali;
• Rhafu;
• ZeZindlu;
• Izinto;
• Zothutho;
• Unyango;
• LweNtlalo;
• Sebenza.

Ukuqhubela phambili kulu hlobo, umntu unokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ngokuqhelekileyo zonke iinkalo zobomi bendoda zanamhlanje zibonelela ngoncedo kubantu abaphantsi kwempesheni. Emva koko, siza kuthetha malunga nabantu abadala aseRussia.

Imirhumo

Masiqale ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu - inkxaso yerhafu kubemi. Ziziphi iingenelo kubantu abanemhlala-phantsi eMoscow ezibekwe kulo okanye kunjalo?

Ngo-2017, umntu omdala unakho ibango:

• Ukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwerhafu yepropati (uhlobo olulodwa lwezinto zerhafu kwicandelo ngalinye);
• Ukungabikho kwerhafu yezothutho kwisithuthi esinye;
• Ukuxolelwa kwiirhafu zomhlaba.

Zonke ezi ngenelo zinikezelwa kwisicelo somntu ngamnye umhlalaphantsi kwiinkonzo zerhafu zithili .

Yerhafu yengeniso

Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa irhafu yengeniso. Abantu basebekhulile abasebenzisanga irhafu. Kodwa izibonelelo kubantu abahlala umhlala-phantsi eMoscow malunga nale ntlawulo ziyanikwa.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhamba kwemali elandelayo kukhululekile kwerhafu yengeniso:

• Umhlalaphantsi (naliphi);
• Iinkonzo zonyango;
• Uncedo lwezezimali kumqeshi (akukho ngaphaya kwe-4 000 ngonyaka);
• Inkxaso kunye neentlawulo zikaRhulumente;
• Inkxaso yenkxaso evela kwimeko yokufumana umhlalaphantsi ophantsi.

Imali engenayo yommi kufuneka ibhatale irhafu yengeniso. Ngoko ke, abahwebi abahlala phantsi abakwazi ukukhulula amashishini abo kwiirhafu ngokupheleleyo.

IiNkonzo zezindlu kunye noluntu

Kodwa akukho konke. Izinzuzo zezindlu kunye neenkonzo zonxibelelwano kubantu abaphantsi kwemali kwiingxowa-mali kunye nakwezinye izixeko zibonelelwa kwakhona. Kwanele ukufaka isicelo kunye nesicelo esifanelekileyo kwinkampani yolawulo. Emva koko ummi uya kunikwa uhlobo oluthile lwenkxaso.

Ziziphi iingeniso zabaxhasi baseMoscow abathembele kwicandelo leenkonzo zezindlu kunye noluntu? Phakathi kwazo:

• Imbuyekezo yokusetyenziswa kwefoni yomnxeba (ii-ruble 190);
• Ukuxolelwa kwiintlawulo zokulahlwa kwelahla;
• Isaphulelo sezindlu kunye neenkonzo zentlalo (50% yemali kubalindi);
• Uncedo lokupheliswa komzimba;
• Ukuhlawulelwa komabonwakude (50%);
• Ukufakwa kwefowuni (ekhaya) ngaphandle kokujika.

Ziziphi izaxhaswa zabelwe abaxhasi? Kunokwenzeka ukukhupha uncedo lwezindlu, ukuba inani lezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu luvela kwi-3 kuya kwi-10% (kwezinye iimeko - i-20%) yengeniso yenyanga yentsapho. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka usebenzise kwiziko leenkxaso-mali zezindlu . Izinzuzo ze-HCS zempesheni zinikezelwa kuyo yonke imimandla yaseRussia Federation. Okuqhelekileyo.

Ubuncinane bokuhlala

Umhlalaphantsi ongasebenziyo eMoscow unelungelo lokufumana inzuzo yoluntu eyongezelelweyo. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba ummi ubonwa njengabantu abadinga.

Urhulumente uya kuqesha inkokhelo eyongezelelweyo kwingxowa-mali, eqinisekisa ukufumana umvuzo wokuphila kummandla. Kodwa akukho nto. Ngoko ke, akubona bonke abahlala phantsi abanokusebenzisa le lungelo.

Mayeza

Kwabadala, iyeza liba yindawo ebalulekileyo ebomini. Izibonelelo zabantu abahlala phantsi eMoscow zifakwa kule ndawo. Njengomthetho, ahluke kwiibhonasi ze-Federal ezikhulile.

Abantu abadala kwiinkunzi ezinkulu banokuthi:

• Ukubonelelwa ngokukhululekileyo kwezidakamizwa zemithi ;
• Unyango kwi-sanatoria kunye neendawo zokungcebeleka zempilo kwikhowudi (ngaphandle kwentlawulo);
• Unonophelo lwonyango luphelile.

Abantu banikwa kwakhona ngeprofetics yamahhala. Abaxhasi baseMoscow, eli lungelo lenzeke. Abantu abadala bakwazi ukufumana amazinyo omdaka. Kwaye abantu abanokukhubazeka bancedwa ngokufumana imali yokuthutha.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba asebekhulile baye kutyelela echibini? Abantu abafumana umhlalaphantsi ngaphandle kwemali eMoscow njengelungelo eliyilwe. Okokuthi, abadala basezikhutsheni zezizathu zonyango banelungelo lokutyelela amachibi aseburhulumenteni ngokwemigaqo yokukhetha. Ukuhlawula ezi nkonzo akuyimfuneko.

Abahlala phantsi

Ubudala bokuhlala phantsi kweRussian Federation phakathi kwabasetyhini buya kwiminyaka engama-55, kwaye phakathi kwamadoda angama-60. Ngeli xesha, abemi abaninzi basesebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, baqhubeka besebenza. Eli qiniso lisusa ithuba lokubhaliswa kweenzuzo ezithile (ezihambelana nomqathango wesidingo), kodwa unika ezinye iinkxaso zombuso.

Abasebenzisa umhlalaphantsi eMoscow nakweminye imimandla banelungelo loku:

• Ukubhaliswa kweehlomelo zerhafu yengeniso;
• Iholide ngexesha elifanelekileyo (kubahlali abaqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini) ngeendleko zabo;
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala / uphuhliso lwezakhono kwiindleko zomqeshi;
• Ukuhlaziywa kwempesheni (ngonyaka);
• Ukufakwa kweengongoma zomhlalaphantsi (ukuba ummi wenqaba ukuhlala phantsi);
• Ubhaliso lwekhefu lokunyamekela umntwana (umzukulu).

Kwakhona kwinqununu, iikhosi zeempesheni ngamanye amaxesha zibanjwe. Wonke umntu angaya eMoscow mahhala. Kodwa inkxaso enjalo yelizwe ayikho imfuneko enkulu. Kunoko, abaqeshi bathumela abaphantsi kwabo abahlala phantsi ukuya kuqeqesho olukhethekileyo ngesiseko samahhala. Akukho mthethweni ukufuna imali kumntu osekhulile malunga nesinyathelo esinjalo. Ngako oko, abahlala phantsi kufuneka baqeqeshe emsebenzini emsebenzini wamahhala phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.

Iingxaki zezindlu

Ziziphi izaxhaswa zabelwe abaxhasi? Na ma lungelo? Phakathi kwezona zinto ziqhelekileyo, kodwa iibhonasi ezixhamlayo zihlala zibonelelwa ngamalungiselelo abantu abanempesheni kunye nezindlu. Lo mqathango usebenza kuphela kwabanye abantu asebekhulile. Ayenzeki nje kuphela eMoscow, kodwa nakweminye imimandla yaseRashiya Federation.

Ukuze ufumane indlu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ibonwa njengabantu abasweleyo. Ngaphandle koko, ayiyi kusebenza kumgca. Emva kokubona abahlwempu, umhlalaphantsi kufuneka afake isicelo kwisilawuli sedolophu ngesicelo esifanelekileyo kwaye ulindele ukuvunyelwa. Emva kwexesha elithile, umntu okhulile uya kuthatyathwa ngezindlu ezingenamakhaya.

Njengoko kunzima ukuqiqa, akusiyo yonke i-pensioner eya kukwazi ukuxhamla le bhonasi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iyafumaneka kubantu abangaphange basebenze ngaphandle kwepropati.

Ezinye iintlawulo

EMoscow, i-pool yamahhala yabanikazi bempesheni inikwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo le bhonasi ingasetyenziselwa izizathu zempilo. Kodwa oku akukupheli ukuba kwenzeke inkunzi yaseRashiya.

Ingongoma kukuba ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezichazwe ngasentla, kukho abanye. Baxhomekeke kubaxhasi bemali kunye nemimiselo ekhethekileyo. Ziquka:

• SeMpi;
• Abantu abakhubazekileyo;
• Oomkhosi;
• Heroes;
• Abahlolokazi bamaqhawe namaqhawe.

Ngokomzekelo, umkhosi kunye nabakhubazekile, njengazo zonke iindawo ezikhankanywe ngentla, bafumana ipensheni ephezulu. Banelungelo lokufumana isongezelelo, isixa esisoloko siguqulayo. Unokubango kwakhona ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwindlela yokuthutha kwendawo yasemadeni kunye nokuthengwa kwamathikiti ekuphumeni. Yiyo le mivuzo yabanikazi bempesheni eMoscow ebekwe namhlanje.

Ukuhamba ngezothutho

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo namhlanje kulo lonke elaseRashiya liyahlawulwa ukuhamba ngezothutho loluntu. Yintoni enokuthiwa ngolu hlobo?

Ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwabathatha umhlala-phantsi eMoscow kupheliswe. Namhlanje, abantu abadala kufuneka bahlawule ukusetyenziswa kweebhasi zedolophu kunye nee-trolleybuses. Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza kulo lonke ilizwe. Kuphela kwezinye iindawo, abantu abadala bayakukhwela kwiindawo zothutho zasezidolophini.

Sekunjalo, abahlaziyi-pensioners abanesiseko banelungelo lokuhlawulela ukuhamba kumaziko ezonyango. Ubungakanani obukhulu bayo buyi-ruble 400. Akuninzi kakhulu, kodwa kungcono kunanto.

Umyalelo wokubhaliswa

Ndingabhalisa njani zonke ezi lungelo? Iinkqubo kule nkqubo okanye loo meko iya kuhluka. Le nto kukuba iintlawulo zentlalo zamkelwe kumasipala okanye iinkonzo zentlalo, iinkonzo zikamasipala zikwinkampani yolawulo, izindlu - ekulawuleni kwedolophu, kunye nerhafu - kwi-Federal Tax Service kwindawo yokubhaliswa kommi. Zonke izibonelelo ezibekwe kubasebenzi beempesheni, kufuneka ufune umqeshi.

Ngaphandle koko, inqubo iyancitshiswa ukuqokelela amaxwebhu nokuthumela isicelo esifanayo nesicelo sokubonelela ibhonasi. Ngommi uya kufuneka ukuba eze:

• Ikhadi loLwazi;
• Iinkcukacha ezibonisa ukubhaliswa;
• Isitifiketi sePensheni;
• SNILS;
• INN;
• Iingxelo zengeniso;
• Amaphepha-siseko okufumana izibonelelo ezithile;
• Izatifikethi zobunini (ubuninzi ngokubhekiselele kwiintlawulo zerhafu);
• Iinkcukacha zeakhawunti yebhanki;
• Ukuhlolwa kunye neerisi zokuhlawula iinkonzo ezithile (ukwenzela ukutsalwa).

Kwakhona, umhlala phantsi angacela isatifikethi sokwakheka kwentsapho, amaxwebhu okukhubazeka okanye izatifikethi ezibonisa ukufaneleka. Akukho nto inzima okanye ikhethekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqokelela amaphepha afanelekileyo. Ngako oko, akunzima ukwenza izibonelelo zabanikazi bempesheni eMoscow nakweminye imimandla.

Iziphumo kunye nezigqibo

E-Rashiya, kubantu abadala, kukho inkqubo enokuguquguqukayo kwinkxaso karhulumente. Iingcebiso zomthetho zamahhala zomhlalaphantsi eMoscow, njengakweminye imimandla yaseRashiya Federation, inikwe ngokungekho konke. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ayinakusetyenziswa.

Kwi-capital yaseRashiya, abantu abadala bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuba amaninzi. Phakathi kwabo kuyavunyelwa ukunikezela ngezinga eliphezulu:

• Izinzuzo zerhafu;
• Izibonelelo zezindlu kunye noluntu;
• Iintlawulo zempesheni.

Enyanisweni, iibhonasi zabahlala phantsi kwilizwe ziyahluka konyaka. Le ngcaciso kufuneka ihlolwe ngenyameko. Ngaphandle koko, unokulindela ngaphezu koko kuthethwa ngoko. Ngokomzekelo, abanye bakholelwa ukuba eMoscow, abahlala phantsi bangasebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke mahhala, kodwa oku akunjalo. Iingcebiso zomthetho zamahhala zomhlalaphantsi eMoscow ziyinyani. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke kuya kufuneka ukuhlawule.

Uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwezinzuzo kubantu asebekhulile eMoscow naseMoscow kunconywa ukuba kucaciswe ekulawuleni ummandla. Baya kunceda ukuba bangaqondi kuphela into enokuyilindela umhlalaphantsi, kodwa godu xelele ngomyalelo wokubhaliswa kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo.

ERashiya, bonke abafumana umhlalaphantsi abaneminyaka engama-80 banokulindela ukuzinyamekela. Nabani na umntu-isihlobo okanye ayikho - unokunyamekela ummi. Kule meko, umnakekeli akanako ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa iintlawulo zeenyanga eziyi-1,200 zinikezelwa kuye, kunye nenkonzo yempesheni. Eli lungelo lifumaneka kwi-FIU. Isetyenziswe kwindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngaba ufuna ukuya kwiinkqubo zabanikazi bempesheni eMoscow mahhala? Emva koko kucetyiswa ukuba kucaciswe ukulawulwa kweedolophu zeziphi iiklasi ezinikezwa ngokwemigaqo ekhethekileyo.