Island Shumshu: inkcazelo. Yilwa kwi siqithi Shumshu

Kanye phezu ixesha emazantsi kwi ena Peninsula, kwimimandla esezantsi ye Amur, Sakhalin kunye Kuril Islands Ainu wahlala abantu bamandulo. Ezi bendawo belimiwe siqithi kunye Shumshu. Ngowe-1711, kule nto lasemantla le Kuril Islands batyelela ingumhambi eSiberia Ivan Kozyrevsky. Kwecala Cossacks, elikhokelwa nguye kwaye UDanilo Antsyferova, zihlale Shumshu ngenjongo zophuhliso kunye nenani ukulawula Russian ukuya Kuril Islands. Imbeko Ivana Kozyrevskogo kwi Shumshu ogama bay kunye ekapa. Kwaye imbeko Antsyferova kwisifundo siqithi esilandelayo Paramushir, kuthiwa mlilo, intaba kunye Koloni. Ngaphezu koko, igama bakhe banikwa omnye 56 Kuril Islands.

island ownerless

Ngowe-1787, 21 siqithi ehlonyelwe ngokusemthethweni uBukhosi Russian, kuquka siqithi Shumshu. Ekuqaleni, ilizwe eqala ukuhlola Russian. Kwaye ukuba ukhumbule, ukuba nkqu olwandulela iintetho ngo-1792. Hokkaido wayengekho intsimi yaseJapan, yaye Kuril Islands ngokubanzi akangowakhe, kuba nomdla kakhulu kuyaqondakala abantu zoshishino IsiRashiya ukuya zizizathu nabani kwiindawo akwenze. Kodwa onke Romanovs, ukususela uCatherine II, akazange abonise ukuba i-East Far akukho umdla, yaye oku kungqinwe yi intengiso Alaska.

Kwimigomo iziqithi ezilahlekileyo

Emva kokoyiswa eRashiya in Russian-Japanese War ka 1904-1905, i-Kuril Islands kunye nakumazantsi Sakhalin kumka eJapan, nommandla yangoku Sakhalin yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. Ngowe-1945, i-US kunye UK baye babhenela eSoviet Union kunye nesicelo wokungena lwayo imfazwe nxamnye eJapan. USSR wathembisa ukuyenza iinyanga kanye ezintathu kamva kutshintshiselwano yokubuyiswa yoMzantsi Sakhalin kunye Kuril Islands. ilizwe lethu liye waligcina ilizwi layo.

Yaduma

Kwaye ngoko ke kwibala zembali kuza ingathi yimimangaliso Shumshu ngaphambili bahlukaniswa eKamchatka 1st Kuril Strait, ogama ububanzi ngeli nqanaba oziikhilomitha ezili-11. Ukusuka elingummelwane Paramushiro Shumshu esahlula Strait we2 eponymous, ogama ububanzi - km-2 kuphela kude.

Inkcazelo siqithi ingaqala kunye imilinganiso yalo. Ubude bayo ngu-30 km, ububanzi - 20. Oku ophantsi zonke iziqithi 56. It has a imali encinane imizimba ahlaziyayo amanzi, iSebe inkulu leyo kuthiwa Big Lake. Lake and Majachnaja - imilambo ezimbini ayahamba nommandla wayo, indawo ilingana 388 square metres. km. Ingongoma eliphezulu siqithi liphuma ku 189 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, yaye ibizwa ngokuba Mountain High. igama Russian Plain kunye elula. Yintoni na odumileyo? amabutho Soviet wathola umsebenzi owenziwa apha kwinyanga ka-Agasti.

Isigaba sokugcina weSoviet-Japanese War

Kweli siqithi, kwaqhambuka imfazwe yokugqibela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, apho amatanki bathathe inxaxheba yaye unzima kakhulu. Yilwa siqithi Shumshu wangena umsebenzi kokwehla Kuril, eyathatha ngomhla we-18 ukuya kuSeptemba 1st. Injongo yalo msebenzi - lokufakwa Kuril Islands. Waye wachitha amabutho 2 Far Eastern Front, umthetho yi Jikelele Wezomkhosi M. A. Purkaev kunye Pacific Fleet, elikhokelwa Admiral I. S. Yumashev. Kuye sele kuqhutywa umsebenzi onempumelelo naseManchuria, leyo satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo , i-Kwantung Army. Zalisa wenkululeko yaseMzantsi Sakhalin yaphela i ekhubekisayo kwelo cala. Ezi inkqubela udale i iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kokuxolelwa Kuril Islands Japanese.

Le kwemikhosi ye kwiziqithi

Kwisiqithi osemantla Shumshu yaba isiseko inkulu aselwandle eJapan Kataoka, nethumele iinqanawa Japanese ukufaka Pearl Harbor. Ngaba apha nokuntinga indiza ezithe alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu, kwaye nkqu 90 kwenkulungwane lokugqibela kwakukho igqampe ezisuka Elizovo (ena)-moya L-410 - isihlalo-19 iwele-injini aviamashiny ngenxa iindiza zasekuhlaleni.

imikhosi Soviet lathembela yokuhlaselwa, injongo leyo Shumshu isiqithi - wabongamela kubo, kunye nokusekwa i sokufezekisa wabagagamela ngakumbi Paramushiro, Onekotanom kunye nezinye iziqithi, iyileyo nabaphumi Japanese. Kuye yayigxile kwi-80 amawaka amajoni, wakha zokuchopha 9 ingathatha malunga 600 moya.

inqaba obungenakuphikiswa

Ngqo kwi siqithi Shumshu waba amatanki 60, 11 engeka Panzer kwithala 100 zokusebenza, yaye amawaka lenqaba wababala 8.5. Man. yonke siqithi sisixokelelwano enqatyisiweyo enkulu Uyalwa enye. Izitora, izibhedlele, izityalo amandla kunye namaziko nonxibelelwano bangcwatyelwa kubunzulu yeemitha 50-70. Uninzi imipu zaye efihliweyo kakuhle, kwaye umyalelo eSoviet babengenayo nayiphi na ingcamango ngayo, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi zobuxoki. komhlaba kuphela eziphathekayo siqithi yakhiwa iiyunithi 300, izakhiwo zokhuselo anti-emoyeni zakhiwa kunxweme ukuya 3-4 km emhlabeni.

Le ngokukhawuleza ukutshutshiswa yimfuneko ngenxa yokuba eli xesha eSoviet Union nangona sele kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano ne-United States phezu imbuyekezo epheleleyo Kuril Islands nakumazantsi Sakhalin, kodwa ukulibaziseka encinane ukukhuthaza ukuqeshwa nasiphi na isiqithi amabutho yaseMelika. Ingakumbi ukuba Hirohito, umlawuli Japanese, sekunjalo Agasti 15 wayalela abantu ukuba ukulungiselela uzinikele ikakhulu baseMelika. Le ngokukhawuleza ngayo uhlaselo, iqulunqwe kwi intliziyo imisebenzi eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet, ngokubanzi, wabagwebelayo, ngaphandle, kwakhona, amajoni eSoviet babulawa ngexesha lokufakwa siqithi wasentla.

Ilungu butho Soviet

Ngelo emhlabeni, nto leyo kuhla eso siqithi Shumshu, wawuquka phantse yonke into balihlutha indawo ngoyaba of eKamchatka. iqela kwango yayiba amawaka 8.3. sekhe Military kunye mortars babalwayo isixa iiyunithi 118, ukukhanya kunye imipu umatshini enzima kwakuthathwa iziqwenga malunga 500. iqela emanzini ngokwalo yahlulwe yaba yi-Vanguard kunye izahlulo ezibini zemikhosi eziphambili. Ukongeza, 64 enqanaweni kunye inqanawa, eyayiquka sweepers, umaleko zam, ibhetri phenyane, iimpahla izithuthi, izikhephe besikolo kunye neenqanawa, inomzimba izikhephe kunye kokwehla yobugcisa, baba ukuxhasa uhlaselo. Le armada naye yahlulwe-4 - iqembu inkxaso zokudubula, iqela yezothutho ngezigaba emanzini efunyenwe kunye gada. Ezixhaswayo lohlaselo division umoya eSoviet exube 78 moya-130 mm ibhetri lonxweme ibekwe kwi Cape Lopatka. Shumshu Island (kwimaphu, eboniswe ngezantsi, bubonakala ngokucacileyo) lisondele kakhulu ingongoma kwi m. Nefolokhwe.

Marine nxamnye kwamatanki

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amajoni akazange ugxothwe yaye akazange inxaxheba ekulweni, kwaye hayi ukuba imikhosi ukusuka ngaphambili wasentshona ziyakhawuleziswa ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi engqongqo wedwa. Force wayengekho ngokwaneleyo, yaye ngosuku lokuqala iqela le nqanawa elilahlekileyo iinqanawa ezilithoba, kwaye 8 bonzakala. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho iqela kwangaphambili ekukho kuyo 1.3 amawaka. Man, wakwazi lomhlaba ukuze bafumane wazazi apho. Kwezi oonomathotholo 22 kwi ibhanki enye kuphela. Uthathe matiloshe yakhe GV Musorin waya phantsi kwamanzi, ephethe umthwalo esixabisekileyo ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle. Ngokubanzi, njengesiqhelo, amajoni Russian noomatiloshe babonisa nemimangaliso inkalipho - ababini kubo waphinda feat A. Matrosov. Enyanisweni, lo vanguard leyo olova kuphela bexhobile nxamnye matanki Japanese. Sturm Shumshu waba isiganeko isigqibo ngexesha lonke umsebenzi kokwehla, isiqalo esitsha lokuqonda uloyiso awalithabathayo imikhosi Soviet, waye wabongamela kwindawo eliphezulu siqithi - Intaba High. Kunye Russian iphumelele.

Neziphumo zemisebenzi

NgoAgasti 20 iinqanawa Soviet baye babuza Kataoka ukwamkela ukuphuma, kodwa wadibana ngomlilo. Njengoko sisiya igqampe umyalelo Japanese wavuma ukuba anikezele ixesha ngalinye, kodwa watsala nzima sotyikityo actual. August 22, Fusako tsutsuma, owayalela imikhosi yaseJapan, wathabatha yonke imiqathango ukuphuma, kwaye ibanjwa yanikezela 20,000 umkhosi Japanese: 12 - on siqithi Shumshu no-8 - on Paramushir. Nje phezu northern kwiziqithi ibanjwa kwiNgxowa-30 amawaka abantu.

iziphumo buhlungu lo msebenzi ukuba sisale ubunzima ecaleni yiSoviet. abantu 1567 zalahleka, apho babulala - 416, ilahlekile (mhlawumbi batshoniswe) - 123 balimala - 1028. Japanese island ekampini ezilahlekileyo abantu 1018 abali-300.

siqithi yethu

Ukuze ilizwe lethu ekupheleni kwemfazwe safudukela ngokupheleleyo zonke Kurile Islands, kunye nommandla Sakhalin ngokutsha Wabathabatha kumalungu ayo. Japan ziyaqhubeka yaseMzantsi Kuril Islands, embiza nabo Territories Northern.

Uthethwano phezu ubunini kwezi ziqithi, Othe ngaye wasivelela umso ilizwe ilanga akukho malungelo ukuba olule kude. Japan inqweneleka kakhulu, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, kuya kunceda US ukuba abele zizityebi esixabisekileyo, kuquka iintsimbi asanda kuvulwa oluLula Southern Kuril Islands. mhlawumbi Japan kunye eRussia yokuziphatha ngqiqweni lomyolelo yokuqala soze uyavuma.