Isiqhelo se-cholesterol egazini lamadoda. Iimpawu ze-cholesterol egazini

Ngokuqhelekileyo ugqirha weentsapho (okanye ugqirha wesinye i-specialty) ubeka uvavanyo lwegazi nge-cholesterol. Yilo lathisi, kunye nezinga leswekile kwi -serum yegazi, ezichaphazeleka ngokukodwa kwizigulane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, akubona wonke umntu oqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-cholesterol kunye nokuba kutheni emzimbeni. Kule nqaku siza kuzama ukuqonda: yintoni le ngqungquthela, yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-cholesterol egazini.

Yintoni i-cholesterol?

I-cholesterol, okanye, njengoko kuthethwa ngokuchanekileyo, i-cholesterol yi-lipid (inqatha), Oko kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni komzimba. Inendima ebalulekileyo ngenxa yokungena kwayo ekubunjweni kweembrane zeseli. Yilona iqela elisisiseko apho i-steroid kunye ne-hormone yesondo zenziwe. Ukongezelela, indima ebalulekileyo ye-cholesterol ingumntu ongeyena nje ngomzimba womntu, kodwa nakwizilwanyana kunye nezinye izityalo.

Ngokwenene igama leli candelo liqukethe amagama amabini: "i-chole" - bile kunye ne "steros" - iqinile. Eli gama libangelwa ingxube ephezulu yale nkunkuma kwi-bile, kunye nokukwazi ukukwenza lula ukukhawuleza, oko kukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-atherosclerosis.

Ukubaluleka kwe-cholesterol yomzimba

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuphawula indima ebalulekileyo ye-cholesterol njengenxalenye yesakhiwo seembrane zeseli. Iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokukhetha Ukubekwa kwe-membrane yeseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, zombini izinto ezinobungozi nezingozi. I-cholesterol isiseko esisiseko se-steroid kunye ne-hormone yesondo (i-cortisol, i-corticosterone, i-aldosterone, i-testosterone). I-cholesterol yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-bile kwaye ithatha inxaxheba ekuthuthweni kwama-acid acids kwisibindi njengenxalenye yama-chylomicron. Ukubunjwa kwe-vitamin D kuvuselelwa lilanga, kunye nexabiso elaneleyo le-cholesterol egazini. Iimbilini ze-nerve, kwaye ngokukodwa i-compound-sphingomyelin, zenziwe ngokusemgangathweni emzimbeni ngobuninzi obukhoyo phambi kwe-cholesterol.

IiFom zothutho

Ukujikeleza kwe-cholesterol egazini kunokwenziwa njengenxalenye yeentlobo ezintathu zeepoprotein. I-lipoprotein iguqulelwe ngokoqobo ngokuthi "iprotheni enamafutha", yinto ekhethekileyo yezothutho, ehlanganiswa kwisibindi.

Iipoproteins eziphantsi kakhulu (VLDL) zithwala ama-acid acids, i-glycerin, i-cholesterol kwi-adipose tissue kunye nazo zonke izitho. Eli gama libangelwa ipesenteli encinci ye-cholesterol kwiprotheyini yenkampani eneenkampani ezinobuninzi beep lipids nje. Emva kokuba ii-lipoproteins ziye zafikelela ezi zicuksi, i-fatty acids iyatshintshaniswa, kunye nenani elilinganayo le-cholesterol kwi-vector landa. Ngoko ke, kuthiwa yi-low-density lipoprotein (LDL), kuba "inzima" kwisisindo samathambo. Le fomu yingozi kakhulu kwaye ibizwa ngokuba "yi-cholesterol embi". Izinga lokuphuhliswa kwe-atherosclerosis lixhomekeke kwisixa kunye nexesha lokujikeleza kwigazi, nazo zonke iingxaki eziqhubekayo. Iiprotheni ze-antidote ezikhethekileyo zi -lipoproteins eziphezulu (HDL), eziqulethe izixhobo ezithile, ezivumela ukuba zibambe i-cholesterol. Bahlukanisa i-cholesterol kwisibindi, esivela kuso kwi-bile.

Elinye iqela elibalulekileyo yi-triglycerides, okanye i-fatty acids ekhankanywe ngaphambili. Ukuxinwa kwabo, nangona kungathinti kakhulu uphuhliso lwe-atherosclerosis, kodwa kubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwe lipomatosis (lipid dystrophy yezitho zangaphakathi).

Yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-cholesterol egazini

Emva kokuvavanywa kwesigulane, ugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo unikela isikhokelo kwi-lipidogram. Olu phando lubandakanya izikhombisi ezichazwe ngasentla kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ubuncwane kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwe-atherosclerosis.

Isigulane kwisisu esingenalutho sinika ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Isiqhelo se-cholesterol yabasetyhini kunye namadoda siyafana kwaye isuka kwi-3.6 ukuya kwi-6.2 mmol / l. Ngeemeko ezinjalo, amathuba okuphuhlisa i-atherosclerotic plaques ayilona nto. Ukuhlola okuchanekileyo ngakumbi, itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa i-cholesterol egazini, elikuvumela ukuba uqhelanise ukutshintshana okuncinci kwalolu lathisi kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala.

Ukuba izinga le-cholesterol egazini lakho lidlula ubunani be-6.2 mmol / l, ngoko uthetha malunga ne-cholesterol ephakamileyo. Ukuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa i-7.8 mmol / l kunye nokunye-oku kunqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu.

Yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-cholesterol egazini kwizigulane eziye zahlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo? I-European Society yokulwa ne-Atherosclerosis icebisa ukunciphisa umda ophezulu ukuya kwi-5.2 mmol / l.

Izikhombisi ze-Lipidogram zifakwe kuhlalutyo lwe-biochemical kwaye zibonisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini. Isiqhelo se-cholesterol equkethe iiprotheni zokuthutha siboniswe ngezantsi.

Isiqhelo se-cholesterol egazini lamadoda sibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka saziwe kwaye sigcinwe kwimimiselo eyamkelekileyo yokuthintela i-stroke okanye i-myocardial infarction.

Iimbangela ze-cholesterol ephezulu

Ukuphakamisa ibha ye-cholesterol egazini inokubangela izinto ezininzi:

• Ukutya okungenakulinganisela okuqulethe ukutya okunotye kwi-cholesterol (inyama enamafutha, inyama ebomvu, i-cheeses, i-lard, i-confectionery kunye nabanye);
• I-Hypodynamia okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kubangela ukuqokelela kwamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol egazini nasezikhunjini. Umsebenzi okhulayo okanye umsebenzi wokwenyama unceda "ukutshisa" kweenqatha kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinwa kwe-cholesterol;
• Ukugqithisa kakhulu kukukhusela izifo ezininzi kuphela, kodwa kubangele nokuba negalelo lokunyuka kwamaLDL kunye ne-triglycerides egazini;
• Imikhwa emibi (ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala) kubangela ukuba utshintsho kwindonga ye-vascular, oluba lukhuni ngakumbi ekubunzeni i-atherosclerotic plaques;
• Ezinye izifo. Kule qela kufaka isifo sikashukela, isifo sengozi yomsongo, isifo sesifo kunye ne-hypothyroidism;
• I-Genetic predisposition. Utywala uyazi iindlela ezine ze-pathology ye-lipid metabolism, ebizwa ngokuba yi-dyslipoproteinemia. Ngezophulo ezinjalo, akukho ukusetyenziswa okwaneleyo kwe-HDL kunye nokwakheka ngokweqile kwe-LDL, okubangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol;
• Impembelelo yobudala kunye nesondo. Amadoda amaninzi aye aphakamisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol yegazi. Isiqhelo sesalathisi sanda kancinci ngeminyaka.

I-cholesterol eyongeziweyo

Izimpawu ezicacileyo okanye ezicacileyo kwisigulane esinjalo asigcinwa. Ukuqhuba umlinganiselo we-cholesterol egazini, kufuneka unikele ngegazi kwi-vein ukuya kuhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo. Amanqanaba e-blood cholesterol aphakanyisiweyo angabonisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-angina pectoris, ukubonakala kwe-atherosclerosis, ukuvela kweengxaki zeengqondo zengqondo, ukubonakala nokunyuka ngobukhulu be-xanthomas kunye ne-xantelasm, eziyi-deposit ye-fat neutral kwiindawo ezithile zesikhumba.

Izingozi ze-cholesterol ephezulu

Umngcipheko omkhulu unxulumene nesimo senhliziyo. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini adala ukubunjwa kwee-atherosclerotic plaques kummandla wangaphakathi weempahla. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezo zakhiwo zikhuphuka ngobukhulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukugqithisa i-lumen yeempahla. Emva koko kukho umfanekiso weklinikhi we-atherosclerosis, eyona nto ihlala ichaphazela udonga lweemibhobho zeengalo ezisezantsi, ingqondo kunye nentliziyo. Ngokuphelisa izifo ngokuhlala kwindawo esezantsi, izigulane ziphawula ukukhawuleza kunye nokunyaniseka kweenyawo, ukuhla kwexesha lokuhamba, ukubonakala kweenguqu zesikhumba se-trophic. Isimo esilondoloziweyo se-cholesterol egazini lamadoda livimbela ukuvela kwesi sifo. Ukuba intliziyo ichaphazelekayo, i-angina iqala kuqala, kwaye emva koko i-myocardial infarction ingenzeka. Xa izitya ze-cerebral zonakaliswe , umngcipheko wokwanda kwe-stroke ukwanda, okunzima ukuwuphatha.

Siphatha i-cholesterol ephezulu

Iyeza zemveli zikwahlula amaqela amaninzi eziyobisi ezijoliswe ekuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokwenziwa kwe-cholesterol. La machiza awona amaninzi. Ezi zixhobo zivimba i-enzyme ekhethekileyo-i-HMG-CoA iyanciphisa, edlala indima enkulu ekufakweni kwe-cholesterol. Ukulungiselela kungathengwa kuyo Nayiphi na ikhemisi kunye namaxabiso ahlukeneyo, encike kumenzi. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziyi-simvastatin kunye ne-atorvastatin. I-Aspirin kwi dose ye-75-100 mg inamandla okutyhafa igazi kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amathuba okubunjwa kwamacwecwe. Ukulungiselela ukunciphisa i-triglycerides kuhloswe ukuvimbela ukuxutywa kwamafutha emathunjini okanye ukuququzelela ukuphuma kwawo emzimbeni. Ayisebenzise kangangoko kuneemimiselo, kwaye zisetyenziswe njengee-agents ezongezelelweyo (i-fibrate, i-acid acid). I-Niacin (okanye elinye igama layo i-vitamin B3) liya kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-LDL egazini kunye nokuphucula i-tilecular t tone.

Iziyobisi ukwenzela unyango lwexinzelelo lwengqondo zidlala indima yesibini kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-detached of plaques kunye nokuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezinzulu-ukuphazamiseka kunye nokubetha, okubaluleke kakhulu kwisiqingatha esisisiseko sabantu. Isiqhelo se-cholesterol egazini kumadoda siya kunceda ukukhusela ukuvela kwezi ngxaki ezingentla.

Ukutya

Kwizigulane ezinjalo, ugqirha ugunyazisa ukutya uNombolo 10c wePevzner. Ilungiselela ukuhla kweyomxholo we-carbohydrate engcolileyo kunye namafutha emfuyo, ayinqanda ukusebenzisa Ityuwa kunye ne-nitrogen extractives. Kunconywa ukuba kucebise ukutya kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lipotropic compounds kunye ne-fatty acid acids, fiber, kunye neemveliso zaselwandle. Ukutya kuthathwa amaxesha ama-5-6 ngosuku. Kubalulekile ukuba ungabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo iimveliso ezenziwe kwi-pastry, amaqebelengwane, inyama enamafutha, i-sausages, ukutya okusemathinini, iimveliso zokutshaya. Kwakhona azinqwenelekayo iintlanzi ezinamanqatha, amaqanda eqanda, ilayisi, i-legumes kunye nama-broths. Abathandi bamnandi kufuneka banciphise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso kwi-creams, i-ice cream, ityhokolethi.

Izityalo zokulwa ne-cholesterol

Umsebenzi omkhulu kunxamnye ne "cholesterol embi" yi- dioscorea yaseCaucasian. Isilwanyana ngesiseko sayo - "i-Polispanin" inceda ukulungelelanisa i- lipid iindidi zegazi ngelixa lidliwayo. Nciphise i-cholesterol egazini lomntu unakho: umdala omnyama, isilivere yesilivere, isigxina kunye ne-goose, elecampane, hawthorn, motherwort, ithole. Iilungiselelo ezisekelwe kwigalic nazo zineempembelelo ezichasene ne-atherogenic. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-pharmacy ufumana "i-Alistat", ethatha ithebhulethi eli-1 kabini ngosuku. Isiqhelo se-cholesterol egazini lamadoda singagcinwa ngokulandela ukutya kunye nokulungiswa komzimba omnye okanye ezimbini ezinomthelela ochasene ne-atherogenic.