Isicwangciso inkcazelo lizwe: France. France: Imbali Eli lizwe. France amangcwaba inkcubeko

France - lelinye lamazwe indala ehlabathini, oluthi luqokelelane, kunokuthiwa, xa intliziyo Europe. Ngenxa indawo yayo entle omhlaba imbali bobukho bayo, kuye wakwazi ukuba ufunxe amasiko nezithethe abantu abaninzi baphila nommandla wayo, ezo iintlanga leyo eli lizwe, nabo naye waba ulwalamano lobuhlobo. Ukuze naluphi na umfundi lo ulwazi ngakumbi yaye kulula ukuyiqonda, zama ukuxelela kuni nonke ngayo. Makhe usebenzise elula inkcazo yesicwangciso lizwe. France eziswayo phambi kwethu, ezibiza bayo bokuqala ukuba edibene kwixesha elikude, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe siza kube namhlanje.

Prehistory

Ngaloo mihla, xa kumazantsi amazwe aseYurophu kwatyatyamba inkcubeko yamandulo, ngomhla ummandla kumantla likhaya ngakumbi izizwe zasendle, leyo, nangona indlela yabo yokuphila, kodwa akazange afune wabambesa kuyo bengatshatanga. Ngeli xesha, intsimi yangoku eFransi kwathiwa Iglu UBrittany, njengoko uninzi lwabantu ababehlala Bretons. Kamva, uhlanga yabo ihlanganiswe kunye Celtic, Gauls kunye Iberians, nangoku ingqalelo iminyanya bonke abantu bahlala ngoku eFransi. Imbali eli lizwe ngeli thuba kakhulu kuba cwaka anjengokubhala ngokwawo, ezi izizwe, kwaye zonke izigqibo ezinokwenza ziingcali zale mihla, zisekelwe kuphela kwi monoliths lokukhonza ezikhumbuzo yembali baloo maxesha, kunye nezinto zendlu.

UBrittany utshintsho ukusuka ubuqaba ukuba kudala

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wonke umntu ukuba inxalenye enkulu yaseYurophu de kumaXesha Aphakathi baba singamaqaba. Yaba kungekho ngaphandle kwaye lizwe eFransi, apho ngelo xesha lwe isiseko Western uBukhosi baseRoma wasele unabantu ngokupheleleyo Gauls. Ngokuthe ngcembe, aba bantu eziqhotyoshelwe kwimpucuko ukuba, bevela neenqobo zayo kunye nezimvo, kodwa incopho yawo kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko abafikelele. UMlawuli waseRoma uGayo Yuliy Tsezar, kunye inqwaba yamanye amazwe kunye imimandla, phantsi impembelelo yayo, la mazwe, leyo waziwa ngokuba eGaul. Ukususela ngoko, abantu bomthonyama baqala ukuthetha Latin, nto leyo entle ngamandla kunye zeelwimi zengingqi. Kokuba kucingelwa ukuba ngelo xesha, kwazalwa ulwimi mihla isiFrentshi.

abanemvume

Kukholelwa ukuba lelona xesha emnyama lisibekele kwimbali olungcambu zalo nyaka 486 - ngexesha xa ukuwa Western uBukhosi baseRoma. Ukususela ngoko, ilizwe lethu utshintsha kunye nesicwangciso iinkcazelo. ngoko France yaba phantsi kwegunya i Franks, nezizwe headed KukaClovis. Wabanika amazwe ebizwa ngokuba "karhulumente amakhosi 'yaye yaba ngunozala ngolokuqala Merovingian ubukhosi. Ngokuba lo gama odumileyo ilandelwa yi akukho langutana ni ngaphantsi kumaphepha imbali abantu august - Carolingians. umseki zabo, Pepin i Mfutshane kunye nonyana wakhe Karl Veliky kwadala umbuso onamandla kakhulu, nto leyo wahlala inxalenye enkulu eYurophu kwaye noqoqosho ezibalaseleyo-kusekwa kunye nomkhosi.

Formation of imida mihla kunye kukarhulumente

Ngenkulungwane ye-10, urhulumente ibekwe kwinxalenye esentshona Yurophu, ngokusesikweni wafumana igama France. zesikhumbuzo enkcubeko kwakhiwa - amabandla amaninzi kunye iinqaba kwi indlela Romanesque. Nkqu iindawo zokuhlala, izitalato Obumbe imizi emikhulu (Paris, Orleans), kwakhiwe izindlu encinane Romanized ngokupheleleyo ezinophahla etsobhileyo kunye nezinyuko ngqo. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi indlela ukuveza icawa kunye nenkcubeko yehlabathi eli lizwe, yaye yabamba iimfazwe ezininzi. France wangena yongquzulwano ngezixhobo kunye eItali, eJamani kunye eNgilani, kodwa edume kakhulu kwimbali ayo ahlale zoMnqamlezo. imvelaphi yazo, izinto zonke ezifihlakeleyo, ukuba ahlangana indlela kartel sobukhalipha ndithethe iminyaka. Kodwa siphawula ngokufutshane imbali yeli xesha, siphawula ukuba umongo imfazwe elukholweni lamaKristu, ezenza kwakhona kwaye kwakhona ubungqina de obekwe kwi wonke umntu on Earth.

Education and neNguquko

Kwiminyaka elandelayo urhulumente kuye kwenzeka iziganeko ezininzi umdla, ezithe azachaphazela onke amacandelo zobomi. Ngoko ke, yonke imihla ngezantsi, sinikeza emfutshane, ukuqokelela kuphela nje inkcazelo isicwangciso lizwe. France ukususela 1598 kuphunyeziwe amakhosi ezininzi, abameli apho balwa njengoko igazi kummandla okhoyo, nangenxa oyise. Ngoko ke, wehla waya yokuba ka1789 kwakukho French Revolution nemiphumo kwayo kwaba ekwahlulweni yeeNgwevu. Emva kwale bukhosi yokuqala intloko wajika uNapoleon enziwe. Emva yoyiswa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kwakunye eYiputa, wadibana ukoyiswa eRashiya ngowe-1812, yaye ubukhosi bakhe yaphela. Ukususela ngo-1814 ukuya 1830 eli lizwe kuye kwaqatshelwa yi ukumkani ezimbini, wabaseki eyaba Lyudovik xviii noCharles X. Noko ke, ukususela ngoko urhulumente uyekile ukuba eziphumela iimfazwe, ukuvukelwa nezinye kwisimangalo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba afumane mihla inkqubo obuqhelekileyo.

Izizwe of France namhlanje

Namhlanje, inani labantu abahlala elizwekazi yephondo eFransi, umlinganiselo 65 million. Phakathi imizi emikhulu ingqalelo kakhulu zasedolophini Paris, Lyon kunye Marseille. Ingakumbi esinomdla isihloko yinxalenye yabantu French, ngenxa yokuba akukho nto ezifana "zesizwe" okanye "imvelaphi yobuhlanga" kweli lizwe akwenze. Kwenza ukukholelwa ukuba 90 ekhulwini labantu abahlala kweli lizwe - na uhlanga French. I-10% ukuba amaYuda Armenian kunye Breton, Catalan, Alsatians, Corsicans kunye Flemings ahlala.

Inkolo kunye nolwimi umba

Ngoku zama ukwenza ngokusekelwe nokuqulunqwa nobuhlanga ulwimi, kwakunye ilizwe yonqulo echaza icebo. France - urhulumente yentando yesininzi nesizwe esikhululekileyo, apho akhuselwe nayiphi na impembelelo kwicala ecaweni okanye neminye imibutho. Uhlobo yehlabathi ejijekileyo kunye nokusilela imithetho engqongqo ngoko yaba sisiseko ukuvela neyethu ezithi eluntwini, kwaye maxa wambi ukhona. Sekunjalo, 31% of France baqinisekisa ukuba basakholelwa kuThixo, okanye ubuncinane emandleni aphezulu. Ngokumalunga ulwimi likarhulumente, inkoliso yabantu ithetha French. Kwiingingqi ezisemaphandleni kunye namaphondo abantu basebenzisa iziyelelane, ngokusekelwe isiJamani, Corsican kunye Italian.