Ishedyuli iseti amandla eziphathekayo: omsebenzi osemqoka, iintlobo, ubuchwepheshe kunye nezalathisi zentsebenzo engundoqo

Enye ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo kakhulu umgangatho eziphathekayo izenzo amandla. Ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno kwemigangatho karhulumente ngokwakho, ukuba unako ukufumana ulwazi malunga amandla ziyahluka ukusuka M50 ukuya 800. Noko ke, elinye iintlobo ithandwayo le eziphathekayo ukusuka M100 ukuya 500.

schedule bapholisa

A nesisombululo ngekhonkrithi ixesha elithile emva ngokugalela uya kufumana iimpawu yokusebenza oyifunayo. Eli xesha lokuphumla ubizwa okuthatha, oko kwenziwa emva kokuba isicelo nwebu olukhuselayo. Ishedyuli ebekwe amandla eziphathekayo ibonisa ixesha apho le nto iya kufika kumanqanaba aphezulu amandla. Ukuba iimeko eziqhelekileyo asindiswe, ngoko kuya kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28.

Iintsuku ezintlanu zokuqala - ixesha apho kuya kubakho ngokunzima lukhuni. Kodwa kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokugqitywa izinto ifikelela 70% amandla. umsebenzi wokwakha Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale emva kokuba amandla olungagungqiyo kwenzeka ntoni emveni kweentsuku 28. Ishedyuli wabeka amandla eziphathekayo ngaphezu kwexesha inokuba nomahluko ngabanye. Ukuze ukumisela ixesha, baqhuba iimvavanyo zesiqhelo kwiisampuli.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi

Ukuba umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwezindlu monolithic eziqhubeka ngexesha efudumeleyo, ukwandisa umxube bafukanywe waza wazuza iimpawu zayo emzimbeni mechanical enkqubo kufuneka ukugcina formwork sokwakha ushiye ukuvuthwa emva ukudilizwa ucingo. Ishedyuli iseti amandla eziphathekayo engqeleni ziya kwahluka. Xa ukuze kuzuzwe amandla kwibakala, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ubushushu ophathekayo zingangenwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaqondo aphantsi negalelo ukubambezela i polymerization.

Ukuze ukuseta amandla lwenzeke msinyane kangangoko, kwaye ngexesha sesichengeni eziphathekayo ukuba liyancipha, oko kuyimfuneko ukongeza izithako peskobeton lowo vodoprotsentnoe mlinganiselo engephi. Ukuba isamente kunye namanzi ezidityaniswe ngendlela umlinganiselo ezine ukuya kwenye, ngoko ke umhla uya kunqunyulwa kwisiqingatha. Ukuze ufumane zawo ekwakhiweni kufuneka kuxhaswa plasticizers. Lo mxube nga uqole ngokukhawuleza ukuba eyenziweyo ukunyusa iqondo layo.

Ukulawulwa ayengawokuphilisa

Ukuze Ukucwangcisa iseti amandla eziphathekayo kwaqondakala, kangangexesha elithile - ukuya kuma kwiveki - kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko abalupheleyo isisombululo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bubushushu, humidify kunye kwizibuko ukufuma kunye nezinto ubushushu-zokwambathisa ezikhoyo.

Ukuze wenze oku, imipu ubushushu zisetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwiingcali bacebisa ilele phezu. Emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 emva kokuba ukulahlwa phantsi kwezi meko, ukuba iqondo lobushushu kokugquma iyakuba ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kwi-30 ° C, uyilo inokufakwa.

ngezigaba concretes

Ukuba isamente isetyenziswa kwinkqubo wokuxuba isisombululo kunye lokubolekwa yemveli zamahlathi, ezivumela ufumana Ukuqamba enzima, umxube data zithetha kumabanga M50-M800. Ukuba phambi kwakho kwibanga eziphathekayo M50-M450, ukulungiselela kwayo fillers misindo asetyenziswa, evumela ukufumana Ukuqamba ukukhanya. Eziphathekayo has a brand ngaphakathi M50, M150, ukuba kulula kakhulu okanye ukukhanya, kwakunye yeselula.

Design grade ikhonkrithi kufuneka imiselwe kwi nqanaba ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa into. Olu phawu unikwa, ngokusekelwe kwinkcaso ucinezelo yezihlunu ku-iityhubhu iisampulu. Kwakuyilwa lolwakhiwo i uqine uhlobo yezihlunu zesamente ngoko kumiselwa phezu kwalo.

Iqela amandla eziphathekayo (ixesha elimisiweyo schedule kwempixano) iza kuhlala ixesha elide xa uhlobo nokunyuka kwamandla compressive. Kodwa kwimeko ukukhula izinto eziphakamileyo uqine amandla kuyehla. Kuxhomekeke ukwakhiwa umxube kunye ilizwe ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ndizimisele amandla yeklasi brand.

Mathiriyeli kunazo zonke zithathwa kunye brand zilandelayo:

• M50.
• M75.
• M100.

Zisetyenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo. Xa ezakhiwe sakhiwe nezakhiwo efuna amandla aphezulu eziphathekayo isetyenziswa M300 kraca. Kodwa nokuhlaziya ngokutsa screed kuhle ukusebenzisa yinxalenye brand M200. Uninzi bomelele ukuqinisa brand eqala nge M500.

Ukuxhomekeka kwi lobushushu ephilisa

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa i isisombululo ngokwakha, kufuneka wazi licebo iseti amandla eziphathekayo lobushushu. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isimo sentlalo kwenzeka ebudeni kwiintsuku zokuqala eziliqela emva ukuxuba isisombululo. Kodwa kokugqitywa inyathelo lokuqala kuya kufuneka ixesha apho iimpembelelo lobushushu voice.

Ngokomzekelo, xa amaqondo obushushu kugcinwa kwi-20 ° C okanye ngaphezulu kwaye sicwangciso sithatha iyure. Le nkqubo iqala ngo-2 iiyure emva kokuba umxube ilungisiwe, yaye yagqitywa ngowe-3 h. Ixesha kunye nokuzaliswa inqanaba kwi snap ebandayo kuya kwenza ukuba isimo sentlalo kuya kufuneka ngaphezulu ngemini. Xa ithemometha igcinwa zero, inkqubo iqale iiyure ezingaphezu 6-10 emva ukulungiselela yesisombululo, kwaye ihlala ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20 emva kokuba bephosa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ngakumbi nokunciphisa viscosity. Xa njengenyathelo lokuqala, isisombululo kuhlala enokususwa. Ngeli xesha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ekuphembeleleni inyathelo oomatshini, enika uyilo imilo oyifunayo. inyathelo setting kunokongezwa ngokusebenzisa thixotropy indlela, ofaka inyathelo mechanical kwi mxube. Kokugxojwagxojwa isisombululo kule Umxhubi eziphathekayo inika ulwandiso isigaba sokuqala.

Ipesenti amandla obubambekayo ndiziphethe kuxhomekeke lobushushu kunye nexesha

abakhi Starter ngokuqhelekileyo ishedyuli abanomdla ebekwe concrete amandla B25 ° C. Kulo mzekelo, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka grade kwexesha eziphathekayo kunye lukhuni. Ukuba kusetyenziswa xa kuxutywa Portland isamente ngaphakathi M 400 ukuya 500, ekugqibeleni kuba nako ukufumana M200-300 eziphathekayo. Emva kosuku kwi lobushushu ipesenti yayo amandla compressive bebakala ukubunjwa 23. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini, ezintathu, eli nani liya kwanda ukuya ku-40 no-50%, ngokulandelelana.

5, 7 no-14 iintsuku ipesenti amandla lingcono ilingana 65, 75 no-90%, ngokulandelelana. Ishedyuli ebekwe amandla eziphathekayo utshintsho B30 ° C noko. Emva kosuku olunye, kunye namandla ezimbini iza kuba-35 ne-55% ngokulandelelana kwazo uphawu. Emva kweentsuku ezintathu, ezintlanu nesixhenxe amandla ilingana 65, 80 no-90%, ngokulandelelana. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukhuseleko regulatory xesha kulingana nama-50%, lo gama umsebenzi kungaqala kuphela xa amandla eziphathekayo lifikelele uphawu 72% yexabiso kraca.

Amandla ebalulekileyo ngekhonkrithi, kuxhomekeke brand: ngokutsha

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba bathele isisombululo abaphumelela amandla ngenxa ngezizukulwana ubushushu, kodwa emva kokuba inkqubo ebandayo amanzi oyekayo. Ukuba umsebenzi kulindeleke ukwenza ebusika okanye ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ngesisombululo umxube nokubanda. Emva ukubeka isamente aluminous likhupha ubushushu amaxesha 7 kwe ePortland lwesamente eziqhelekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba umxube uzilungiselele ngenxa yayo baya kufumana amandla kwiqondo lobushushu yehlise.

Ngesantya le nkqubo iphenjelelwa kunye nophawu. Kunokuba lingaphantsi kwenani ngasentla kuba ngamandla kakhulu. Ishedyuli ukucwangcisa amandla eziphathekayo, isishwankathelo oboniswe kweli nqaku ibonisa ukuba amandla ebaluleke amabakala eziphathekayo kwe M15 150 yi-50%. Kuba izakhiwo ezenziwe lophawu prestressed eziphathekayo ukusuka M200 ukuya 300, eli xabiso yi-40% of uphawu. izitampu eziphathekayo ukusuka M400 ukuya 500 ithe amandla abalulekile-30%.

Lukhuni kwe ikhonkrithi kwixesha elide

Ishedyuli ebekwe amandla eziphathekayo (SNP 52-01-2003) akupheleli ngenyanga. Ukugqibezela inkqubo ephilisa kungathatha iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa uyakwazi ukuchaza uphawu eziphathekayo emva kweeveki ezi-4. uyilo iyahlala uya bagaye ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi ngokunzima le nqubo wabe kwiveki yokuqala. Emva kweenyanga ezi-3, ukunyuka amandla nge-20%, emva kokuba le nkqubo kuhlile noko, kodwa wayeka. Figure akwazi kabini kwiminyaka emithathu, iya kuchaphazela le nkqubo:

• ixesha;
• ukufuma;
• ubushushu;
• grade eziphathekayo.

Lidla abakhi abo basandula kuqalisa ukuba emangalisiwe koko ishedyuli undwendwe ebekwe amandla eziphathekayo inokufumaneka. Ukuba ujonga e GOST 18105-2010, unako ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha okungakumbi ngalo. Kula maxwebhu kukhankanywa ukuba ubushushu echaphazela ngqo ixesha lenkqubo. Umzekelo, kwi-40 ° C ixabiso kweediliya ekufikelelwe kuso phakathi evekini. Ngoko ke, ayikhuthazwa tu ukwenza umsebenzi ebusika. Emva zilifudumeza i eziphathekayo yayo yingxaki, kuba oku kufuneka usebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye pre-wayeqhelene ngeteknoloji. Kodwa umxube eshushubeziwe ngaphezulu kwama-90 ° C kwaye akwamkelekanga kwaphela.

isiphelo

Emva kokuhlolisisa le shedyuli ukunyanga, unako ukuqonda ukuba zabo lwenzeka xa inqaba isakhiwo ngaphezu kwama-50% yexabiso kraca. Noko ke, ukuba iqondo lobushushu kokugquma lehla ngezantsi-10 ° C, ixabiso ukuvunwa sifikelelwe emva kweeveki-2. Ezi iimeko zemozulu bacebisa imfuno ngokushushubeza isisombululo cast.