"ISaiga-20". Impawu, ifoto

"I-Saiga-20" iyisibhamu sokuzimela esenziwe yi-Izhevsk isakhiwo sokwakha umatshini. Esi sixhobo saqulunqwa kwisiseko sokuqhuma kwesibhamu saseKalashnikov, senzelwe ukuzingela kwezilwanyana ezincinci nakwizinga eliphezulu, kunye nomdlalo weentloko. Ingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na imeko yemozulu.

Kancinci malunga nesigama

I-Carbine "iSaiga-20" isixhobo esingavamile kakhulu. Kuze kube yimhla, isityalo se-IZHMASH sivelisa ngaphezu kweendlela eziliqela ezihlukeneyo zokuhlaselwa kwezibhamu ze-Saiga, ezibhekiselele ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezizenzekelayo zokuzingela. Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi aluguquli ukubiza lo mfufudu umqhubi wokuzingela kwaye ubeke kwi-IZH-43 okanye kwi-TOZ-87. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iibunithi eziyi-12 kunye nee-20 eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye ne-410 Magnum, ezidibene nokulawulwa komlilo ngokuzenzekelayo, zizinto ezibalulekileyo zobuchwephesha zokuzingela. Nangona kunjalo, njani omnye unokuchaza ukuba izixhobo ze-Saiga (K noC ukuguqulwa) zivumelekile ukuba zithengiswe kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka i-US, njengesixhobo sokulwa? Kwaye oku kungakhathaliseki ukukhululwa kwemithetho yaseMelika. Ukuba ucinga "iSaigu-410K" njengomzekelo, ngoko kwindlela yokujonga kweso sixhobo singacingwa njengomshini othomathiweyo we-AK-74 kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhuba umlilo othe ngqo. Ukulandela ingcamango, abaninzi abazingeli bayibiza ngompu wemishini, kungekhona umpu wokuzingela. I-IZHMASH iphinda ibize i-Saigu i-smoothbore carbine, nangona iingcali ziza kuthethana nale nkcazo, kuba i-carbine ibonisa ubukho bombhobho kunye nokusebenzisa i-cartridge. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambelana neminqweno yomenzi, siza kubiza iSaigu i-carbine.

I sixhobo

Kwi-carabiner "I-cargazine" ye-sigaji-20 "i-cartridges ye-caliber isetshenziswe, ububanzi bombhobho ngu-15.7 mm. Ukuyila kwayo kuvumela ukusebenzisa i-bullet kunye neentlobo zeemfutho eziqhelekileyo, kunye ne-cartridges ze-Magnum kunye ne-76 mm sleeve. Kwimeko yokusebenzisa i-cartridge i-bullet, asifanele sikhohlwe ukuba izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zalo mpu, ngenjongo yokwandisa ukuchaneka kwayo, kunomngcipheko we-barrel bore 0.9 mm. Ngako oko akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihamba phambili ezizenzayo. I-cartridges yeblogi esetyenzisiweyo kunye nale carbine kufuneka idlule isatifikethi sokudubula ngokukhaphazela.

Umsebenzi wokuzenzekelayo uncike kumgaqo wokususwa kweegesi zegesi, kunye ne-stroke emfutshane ye-piston kwaye uvale umgqomo ngenxa yokujikeleza kwe-bolt.

Kutheni "iSaiga" - kungekhona iA-100

Uninzi lweenkcukacha zebhamu likaSaiga-20 zidibene nomfutho wokuhlaselwa kweKalashnikov, nangona icebo liqukethe utshintsho oluthile:

- i-piston yegesi inikezwa ngesimo se-cylindrical element (20x15 mm) esesibhanini segesi ephambili;

- isakhelo sesango sithathwe kumatshini, kodwa inxalenye yayo yangaphambili iyinkqubo yokuhambisa, kungekhona ipiston;

- i-shutter ikwahlula zibe zimbini, zitshintshile kwaye zitshintsha. Oku kuyimfuneko ekusebenziseni iikripriji zeebhasi, eziphindwe kathathu ezinamandla kunokuba zizenzekelayo;

- Ukukhuphela ngaphandle ukuphinda usebenze ngokutsha komlilo, umntu oseshayo-timer uyasuswa kwi-USB.

Ekupheleni kwegumbi legesi, abaqulunqi bafake umlawuli wegesi. Unamalungiselelo amabini: kwiimpawu zeMagnum kunye neendibano eziqhelekileyo. Kwakhona utshintshe ukuyila kwezixhobo ezithile zezixhobo.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-carbine

Kuze kube yiminyaka, kukho ukuguqulwa okubalulekileyo kwe-Saiga carbine yechungechunge lwemashumi amabini:

- "I-Saiga-20" isisixhobo esikhawulezileyo esinomda obunzima kunye ne-classic butt ("uhlobo lwesibhamu");

- "I-Saiga-20S" - oku kuguqulwa ifakwe kwisitokiso sokunyumba, esenziwe nge-polyamide egcwele iglasi, efana ne-AK-100;

- "I-Saiga-20K" - le carbine nayo iveliswa ngesitokisi sokunyusa kwaye inesiqu esifutshane (430 mm). Kule nkalo, indlela yokwenza ishintshi, yile: yongeza iskhiyi esikhethekileyo, engakuvumeli ukuba ulandele umgca wokubangela ukuqala. Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-carbine iyahambelana nemimiselo yomthetho waseRashiya (isikhali sokudubula kufuneka sibe nobude ubuncinane ubuncinane be-800 mm).

Izixhobo ezongezelelweyo

Naluphi na ukuguqulwa kweemoto ezinokuthi zongezwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nebar ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, ephakamileyo kwisihlalo seendlela zokujonga izinto eziqhelekileyo. Iimodeli ezixhotywe ngolu bhali zinemifanekiso ehambelanayo: isibhamu se-RPK se-Saiga-20, i-20K RPK kunye ne-20C RPK. Izibhamu ezincinci ziveliswe izibhamu ezixhotywe ngeesethi zombhobho ezinokususwa (ezifana ne-410 series). Ngaloo ndlela, kumzekelo "we-20K", ubude bombhobho onjalo ukongezwa ngu-330 mm. Iimoto "I-Saiga Tactics-20" kunye ne "20C" kwicala lasekhohlo lommkeli unomgangatho ophezulu wokujonga amehlo (umgangatho we-AK-100). Kodwa ukuguqulwa kwe "20K" akunalo ukukhawuleza, nangona kunjalo, ukufakela kwayo akuyona inkqubo enzima. Inokuveliswa ngisho nasekhaya.

Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-1998, yonke imodeli ixhotywe ngoluhlobo olutsha, olulungele ngakumbi lwebunzi. Inemilinganiselo emininzi emininzi, imilinganiselo encinci kunye nesimo esingaphezulu. Kwakhona kwimodeli emitsha kwakukho ikhethini emngxeni, apho i-sleeve ikhutshwe ngaphandle. "I-20K" iinqwelo zatshintshile inkqubo yokukhiya, leyo leyo, xa isitokisi sihlanjwe, ayikuvumeli ukuba ucinezele nje kuphela i-trigger, kodwa isuse isikhali kwi-fuse.

Ukuthenga

Zonke izitya zixhotywe ngeebhokisi zeefowuni zeebhokisi ezimbini zeefowuni: kwimikhono engu-70 no-76 mm. Phantse zonke iikharriji ezinezityalo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa kwiivenkile eziyi-76 mm. Uhlobo lwesibini lusetyenziswe nge-cartridge engama-70 mm, ephethe "inkwenkwezi". Ngamanye amaxesha xa kuthengiswa unokufumana iziqulatho ngomthamo we-cartouges 8-9, zenziwe ngabenzi bezakhono ezithile abangenxulumene nesityalo se-IZHMASH. Iimveliso ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukwahlukaniswa "ngeengubo" zokugubungulwa kweendonga kunye nokuthembeka okuphantsi. Izitolo ezithembekileyo ezinokwenza izinto ezi-8 ezijikelezayo, zineendonga ezirhoxayo kunye negosa lomenzi.

Izixhobo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-"Saiga" eyi-20 gauge isebenza ngokuthe ngqo, ayikho ingxaki yokubuyisela (kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lweempahla). Ubungakanani bokusebenzisa iimpawu ze-Magnum zikhuphula iimpawu zokulwa kwe-carbine. Enyanisweni, i-caliber yamashumi amabini iyahluka ukusuka kweyeshumi elinesibini kuphela kumbane omncinci wamandla kunye nefuthe elincinci eliphambili kwi-munition. Ngenxa yoko, amandla angenayo kunye nokuchaneka kwanda. Kodwa ngokusetyenziswa kweenqweloji ze-"Tandem" (uhlobo lwe-tandem), i-reciprocity eyancipha, ngokuqinisekileyo intuthuzelo kunye nomlilo ozenzekelayo ovela kwi-carbine "iSaiga-20" iyanda. Iimpawu zale ngozi ziyakumelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuhlawula isibhamu "Strela Magnum", ephethe amandla ka-300-3500 J, sifumana isikhali esibi kakhulu esinempembelelo enamandla, ukugquma kunye nomlilo kwi-trunk. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesijoliso kuya kuba kwinqanaba le-12. Xa usebenzisa i-cartridge standard (umzekelo, "I-Tandem"), isibhamu sishiya amandla emzimbeni, kodwa i-shooter ingakwazi ukuvelisa i-5-7 shots echanekileyo, kwaye ayifumani i-hematoma kwi-butt ehlombe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kucetyiswa ukufaka umlawuli wegesi kwindawo ye "Magnum", apho kwenzeka khona ukutshintsha zonke iintlobo zeekridijini ngaphandle kweengxaki.

"ISaiga-20": ukuhlolwa kwabazingeli kunye nesicelo

Ngokwabanikazi, isibhamu esihle sokuzingela saseSaiga asizange sisebenze. Emva kwakho konke, ukukhwabanisa kwi-automaton encinci kakhulu kunzima kakhulu, ukuba akuninzi (okokuthi, akunakwenzeka). Isiqu salo naluphi na ukuguqulwa okufutshane kunomlinganiselo omncinci wokudubula kuma-80-100 amitha, kwaye ubunzima besixhobo sikhulu kunokuba ngumpu onesibili. Iziphumo zokudubula umvundla osebenzayo okanye inyoni ephaphazelayo ayinakuchukumisa ngokukodwa. Yintoni enye ongayithetha ngayo nge-carbine yeSaiga-20? Iimpendulo zabazingeli zinciphisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zijoliswe ekuzingeleni iilwanyana ezinkulu (ibhere, elk, njl). Ijongene ngqo neethagethi ezinkulu kunye nokugqithisa kwizinto zokuzingela zonke ezinye izixhobo. Ingakumbi kwiimeko ezikufutshane nokulwa, xa ibhokhwe okanye ibhere lihlasela umntu. Kakade, i-shotgun ehamba emfutshane-imitha emfutshane eminqeni emifutshane imnandi kakhulu, ewe, ukuba uyakwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Abaqhagamshelwano kunye nabafundi beli fayela bahlala beshiya amazwana alandelayo: "I-Saiga-20 isisityebi somntu siqu esenzelwe ukutshabalalisa abasebenzi basebuntwini kude kube ngama-50m, ingadibanisa izithuthi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezilula." Ukususela kule nkcazo, kunokugqitywa ukuba le nkunkuma ibhekene nesibhamu sokuhlaselwa kwesibhamu.

Iyintoni isiseko sale nkcazo?

Okokuqala, i-ergonomics yeSibincu-20 idizayelwe yenzelwe ukudubula ngokukhawuleza (kubonga kumphathi wayo - AK). Ukwenza udonga kwi-hip ye-IZH-43 kulula kakhulu kunokuba "kwi-Saiga". Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukutshisa umlilo ekujoliswe kuyo kumntu nawuphi na uhlobo lokuphinda umfowunelwa okhutshiwe (ngaphandle kobucingwayo) kunye nokukhupha ngaphezulu kweesithathu izibhengezo ezichanekileyo ngokulandelelana.

Okwesibini, i-buckshot, eveliswa kwi-"Saiga" encinane, iyakwazi ukugqithisa imoto, kunye nenqabana ephuma kwi "Tandem" ibhaqa ishidi lentsimbi e-3 mm. Ukungakhankanyi iinqwelo ze-"Magnum", uhlobo olomeleleyo olwaneleyo ukugqithisa isambatho se-bullet-proof of 1-3 class. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba le carbine iyona sixhobo esisisigxina se-automaticbore weapon, le mfanelo inokubaluleka xa usabela ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yokudubula. Le nto ilula kakhulu kwiimeko ezixinyiweyo (ehlathini, kwisixeko, endlwini, kwindlu). Yaye ukuba uthe wongeza isitolo esandisiweyo, ufumana isikhali esinexabiso elikhulu.

Ngoko, ungayifumana ntoni kule ndawo?

1. Ukuthembeka ngokuqinileyo. Ngoko, emva kwama-shots ama-500 akhiqizwa "kwi-Saiga" (phantsi kwesitoreji esilungeleyo kunye nekhredridges esemgangathweni), awuyi kuba nexesha lokulibaziseka kunye neentlekele. Uhlobo lweeklariji zeli khombisi aluchaphazeli.

2. Ukunyamekela ukunakekelwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba, njengawo nawuphi na umatshini we-semiautomatic, "iSaiga" idinga ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa, ukunyaniseka kwe-carbine akuyi kuba ngaphantsi, ngenxa yokuba isibhamu seKalashnikov sisiseko salo sixhobo - umgangatho wokuthembeka.

3. Iqondo eliphezulu kakhulu lomlilo. Emva koqeqesho oluthile lokuvelisa amahlumela angama-4-5 kumasekhondi amabili - kungekhona yonke ingxaki.

4. Ulungelelaniso oluphezulu. Ukugcina nokuthutha i-carbine "iSaiga-20", into eyinkimbinkimbi, ilula ngakumbi kunezinye izibhamu ezifanayo.

5. Ukuchaneka okufanelekileyo kokudubula kunye nenqabana, ngokukodwa ngokuqwalasela loo mgqomo omfutshane. Xa uqhuba umlilo ukusuka ezandleni ukusuka kumgama wamamitha angama-50, le bullet ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yesiqingatha-litre.

6. Ukungena kweempawu ezinzulu - ii-2-3 izihlandlo eziphezulu kunezo zokuqhuma izibhamu kunye namaxesha angama-5 ukuya phezulu kunama-pistols anamhlanje.

Pros

Uchungechunge lwe-"Saiga" luluhle kuba lukhanya ngakumbi kunecandelo leshumi elinesibini kwintsebenzo efanayo. I-20 caliber isebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kune-12. Izisindo zombhobho, kunye nobukhulu be-projectile, zincinci, kodwa ngenxa yobubanzi obuncinane bombhobho i-projectile ithatha inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuze usebenzise ngokufanelekileyo le mpu, kufuneka ube nezakhono ezinzulu kunokuba ube nomzekelo weshumi elinesibini. "I-Saiga-20" inefuthe elincinci elincinci, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge ngokukhawuleza kwaye uvelise ukudubula okulandelayo.

Umxhasi

Ukungalungi kwesi sunduli kuthathwa njengento encinane. Emva koko, ilishumi elinesibini liphela jikelele, inani lamapeliti kwi-cartridge eninzi kakhulu, ngokufanelekileyo, kulula ukuyifaka ithagethi. Ukuba kuthelekiswa ne-cartridges ye-bullet ye-12 caliber, ke le ngqobhoko inomlinganiselo omkhulu kunye nokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokuchaneka kokulwa kunye nomlinganiselo womlilo osebenzayo, "iSaiga-20" idlulela umphambili, "uSaigu-12". Ingozi enkulu, abazingeli abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le carbine yenziwe ngesiseko sezixhobo zempi. Ngoluvo lwabo, ngokuqhelekileyo kungekho ngaphandle kweendawo, ukulungelelanisa okunjalo kuyinto eyingozi. Abazingeli bakhetha i-classic weap, eyenziwe ukususela ekuqaleni.

"I-Saiga-20": intengo ye-carbine

Ukuba ngokukhawuleza, emva kokufunda le nqaku, ucinga ngokuthenga izixhobo ezinjalo (nokuba ufuna ukuzingela okanye ukukhusela ikhaya lakho), ke eli candelo liza kuba luncedo kuwe. Kwiivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya ungafumana nayiphi na imizekelo ye-carbine yeSaiga-20. Ixabiso labo liya kuguquka ukusuka kwi-ruble eziyi-16 ukuya kuma-26, kuxhomekeke ekuqwalaselweni nasekuguqulweni. Ukufumana izixhobo ezinjalo ngabantu abafikelele kwiminyaka eyi-18, ngokwemvelo, emva kokufumana ilayisenisi ekhethekileyo kwimibandela yangaphakathi. Ngoko yenza amaphepha uze uye kwivenkile yezixhobo ezikufutshane.