Inxalenye yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yintoni?

Khumbula indlela inxalenye yegazi ebizwa ngayo: iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, i-plasma okanye i-lymph? Andiyazi impendulo? Emva koko masikhumbule kunye.

Liyiphi igazi

Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa igazi lihlobo lweethambo ezixhumeneyo. Kwaye ukubonisa ukuba kulula. Igazi liqukethe inxalenye yamanzi kunye neeseli zegazi. Iyokuqala yintsimbi ye-intercellular. Kuninzi kakhulu, ngoko ke zonke izicubu zendawo yangaphakathi zikhululekile kwaye zenza isiseko senyama. Iiseli zegazi ziiseli ezikuyo. Kwakhona kuthiwa ziyizinto ezimilo.

I-Plasma kunye ne-fluid kwindawo yangaphakathi yomzimba

Inxalenye yamanzi egazini ibizwa ngokuba yi-plasma. Iipropati zayo zombutho kunye neziphathekayo zomzimba zibeka ngokubanzi imisebenzi yelo hlobo lweethambo. Ingumlambo wombala ophuzi, onobonakala obubonakalayo obuninzi ngenxa yobuninzi bawo kwiiprotheni kunye nezinto ezinomxholo. Isabelo salo egazini li malunga nama-60%.

Imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba yigazi, i-lymph, i-tissue fluid. Amanzi yinto efunekayo yokuqhutyelwa kweenkqubo zeekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuqulunqa kunye nokucoca kwezinto, kwakunye nokuhamba kwazo ngomzimba.

Ukwakhiwa kwamachiza eplasma

Inxalenye yamanzi egazini ibizwa ngokuba yi-plasma kwaye yinto ephakathi kwayo. I-90% yalo iqukethe amanzi. Olandelayo ngokwemilinganiselo yeepesenti ilandelwa ngamaprotheni, inani elifikelela kuma-8%. Le fibrinogen, i-albin kunye ne-globulins. Ezi proteins zibonelela ngamanzi kunye nokuzikhusela komzimba, i-hormone zothutho, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.

Ngaphantsi kwiplasma yegazi yezinye izinto eziphilayo. I-carbohydrate i-0.12%, kunye namafutha angaphantsi - 0.7%.

Izixhobo zamaminerali zeplasma yegazi zimelelwa ngamanzi. Ezi zinto zisekho ngendlela yeengqungquthela ezihlawulwe. Ezi zication ze-sodium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-calcium, isinyithi, ubhedu. Iingqungquthela ezihlawuliswa kakubi zibandakanya izilwanyana ze-chloride, i-carbonate, i-orthophosphoric nezinye i-acidium acids. Inendima ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezi zinto kungokwesisombululo somzimba. Isiqulatho se-plasma sisoloko sihlala kwinqanaba. Esi sixazululo se-sodium chloride emanzini, ukuxutywa kwetyuwa apho i-0.9%. Kwimeko yokulahleka kwegazi, oku kusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ivolumu yayo efunekayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko apho akunakwenzeka ukuseka iqela kunye neR Rh inkalo yomntu ofuna unonophelo lwonyango.

Iiseli zegazi

I-40% yegazi yenziwa yimimiselo yayo efanayo, iintlobo zonke ezibonakaliswe ngumbutho othile kunye nemisebenzi ethile. Ngoko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyi-disks ezibomvu zefomu ye-biconcave. Ezi iiseli aziyiyo yenyukliya kwaye ziqulethe i-hemoglobin. Umsebenzi ophezulu we-erythrocyte ukutshintshwa kwegesi. Bathutha i-oksijini kwimiphunga ukuya kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni, kunye ne-carbon dioxide kwindlela eyahlukileyo.

I-leukocyte iiseli zenyukliya ezingenakubumba ezingenaso ukuma rhoqo. Zibonakaliswe ngentshukumo ye-amoeboid. Ngaloo xesha, i-phagocytosis iyancipha iincinci ze-pathogenic ezingena egazini kwaye zenze umzimba womntu.

Iiplatesti zenza i- blood clotting. Ezi zijikelezileyo, izitya ezingenambala. Ngoncedo lwabo, ukuguqulwa kwe-enzymatic enomthamo weprotheni ye-fibrinogen ibe yifomu yayo engenziwanga. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ukhuselekile ekulahlekelweni kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo, oku kungasongela ubomi.

Imisebenzi yegazi

Ubomi bomntu ngaphandle kwegazi abukwenzeka. Emva koko, i-plasma (inxalenye yamanzi egazini ibizwa ngaloo ndlela) kunye nezinto ezibunjwa ziqinisekisa ukuphefumla kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ukubonelela ukutya kukunye umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Emva koko, izinto eziphilayo zivela kwisitya sokugaya ukuya kwigazi, apho sele sele zithunyelwa kwiseli nganye. Ekubeni i-plasma iyisisombululo esinamandla, kuthatha inxaxheba ekugcineni i-homeostasis kunye nobushushu bomzimba. Imisebenzi yokukhusela yegazi ingabandakanya kwakhona i-coagulation kunye nokubunjwa kwe-immunity.

Ngoko, inxalenye yamanzi egazini ibizwa ngokuba yi-plasma. Kuyizinto ezikhoyo phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo. Bonke baqhuba ukuthutha, ukuphefumula, imisebenzi exretory kunye nokuphefumula.